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Speed Control of 3Phase Induction Motor Using VFD (IOT Based)
1.
2. SPEED CONTROL OF 3PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR USING VFD
(IOT BASED)
Presented by
Qammar Hussain
Hamza Majeed
Abdul waheed
Supervisor
Mr. Imran
javed
3. Content:
• Introduction to VFD
• Requirement of Speed Control
• History of VFD
• Block Diagram
• Working Principle of VFD
• Circuit Diagram
• Wireless Control System
• Components
• Application
• Future Extension
• Advantages
4. INTRODUCTION TO VFD
• A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is a type of motor controller that drives an electric
motor by varying the frequency and voltage supplied to the electric motor. Other
names for a VFD are variable speed drive, adjustable speed drive, adjustable
frequency drive, AC drive, Microdrive, and inverter.
• Frequency (or hertz) is directly related to the motor’s speed (RPMs). In other words,
the faster the frequency, the faster the RPMs go. If an application does not require an
electric motor to run at full speed, the VFD can be used to ramp down the frequency
and voltage to meet the requirements of the electric motor’s load
5. REQUIREMENT OF SPEED CONTROL
• Speed control means change the drive speed as desired by the process to maintain
different process parameter at different load .
• Energy Saving.
• Speed control is a different concept from speed regulation where there is natural
change in speed due change in load on the shaft.
• Speed control is either done manually by the operator or by means of some
automatic control device.
• Low speed starting requirement.
6. History Of VFD
• There have been grand past events that should have been captured but unfortunately
nobody took the time to do so. Having arrived on the motor drive scene in 1970 at
US Electrical Motors, just years after they were acquired by Emerson Electric, I saw a
lot of the early action.
• Variable frequency drive is typically a tool of power electronics without having a
great understanding of power electronics we can never get the depth of variable
frequency drive.
8. Working principle of VFD
• Variable frequency drive comprises of three major sections as described above and
each section has its key importance. First section is rectifier section then a dc bus
and finally we have an inverter section with which load is connected.
9. RECTIFIERS
• This section can comprises of diodes, transistors or silicon controlled rectifiers. But
usually diodes are used because of their lower cost. AC voltages coming from main
line have positive and negative peaks. When these voltages are fed in to bridge type
configuration of diodes of this rectifier section the negative peaks are vanished only
positive peaks retain. In this way the frequency of the coming voltages doubles. This
rectifier section also called AC to DC converter.
10. DC BUS
• DC bus is used to store voltages coming from AC to DC converter.
• This consist of capacitors and some other items like inductors or chokes in order to
smooth the power supply coming from the previous section.
• Thus ripples are further removed by storing voltages in this DC bus.
• Thus this DC bus can be of great use not only for removing ripples but also helps in
improving power factor correction
11. MICROCONTROLLER BASED PWM
Pulse width modulation is the basic technique used very widely for controlling motor
speed and frequency. This can be done by using microcontroller. In this research we
selected a range of 5Hz to 50Hz frequency using PWM. The basic principle of PWM is a
sine wave is generated in the microcontroller which is super imposed on a triangular
wave. This results in a square wave which is then fed to inverter section. The width of
this square wave can be controlled by changing the duty cycles of the pulse. Basically
duty cycles describes the time for which pulse waveform turned on and off thus by
switching the waveform between two discrete levels the square wave is approximated
with a sine wave of desired duty cycles.
13. Wireless Control System
• We use the Arduino UNO microcontroller to control the
triggering of VFD switches and use Bluetooth module to control
this triggering through mobile phone application.
14. Components:
• 220 AC Supply
• Bridge Rectifier
• Filter Circuit
• MOSFET
• 3 Phase Motor
• Arduino UNO
• Bluetooth Module
• Mobile Applications
• Jumper Wires
15. Applications:
• Variable frequency drives are widely used to control the speed of AC motors.
• Other applications that require variable speed with variable torque.
• Also use in latest electric vehicle to control the speed and torque of motor.
• To operate the motors using solar power is done by VFD technique.
16. Future Extension
• By keeping in mind the present form of VFD it seems quite impossible that it will
undergo any change in future. But as the technology is making progress rapidly and
new researches are being put forwarded by people anything can be predicted.[40]
Emerging technologies like FPGA’s, advancement in DSP, genetic algorithm, Fuzzy
logic, innovative PWM techniques and revolution in power electronics field can lead
us to experience any miraculous device. Furthermore VFD’s can also be miniaturized
using NANO technology. This miniature form of VFD would be very helpful in small
device and thus energy saving would be possible in small levels as well.
17. Advantages
• Reduction in maintenance costs.
• Variable speed drives are inherently soft start, increasing motor and linkage life.
• Start-Stop and reset of pumps can be done by the variable speed drives.
• In applications, where increased flow is required, on a temporary basis, the lead or
primary pump may remain at maximum flow with the second back pump enabled
and varied to meet the system demand.
