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Mammals
- 2. Group 3 Adeena Tanveer Hadia Khadija Maria Rasheed Department of Zoology, QAU Islamabad
- 3. Outline • Introduction • Habitat types and Associated Mammals A. Permanent Snow and Cold Desert B. Alpine Zone C. MONATE TEMPERATE FOREST D. TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST E. ALPINE DRY STEPPE F. ARID SUB-TROPICAL HABITAT G. TROPICAL THORN FOREST H. RIVERAIN PLAIN OR INDUS BASIN
- 4. INTRODUCTION
- 5. Introduction • Pakistan has a rich diversity of mammalian fauna, akin to two of the faunal regions e.g., the Palearctic (west of Indus) and the Oriental region (east of Indus). • The varied composition of the mammalian fauna is largely due to its role as a transitional zone between two of the Palearctic and Oriental and some species have come from far Ethiopian region.
- 6. Introduction • Ten of the 18 known mammalian orders are represented in Pakistan, including the world's smallest surviving mammal, the Mediterranean pigmy shrew as well as the largest mammal in existence today, the blue whale.
- 9. A. PERMANENT SNOW AND COLD DESERT
- 10. 1. Permanent Snowfields and Cold Deserts In the northern-most regions and highest altitudes as typified by the Karakoram Mountains and Hunza and northern Chitral. • Himalayan Ibex • Golden marmot • Bharal • Lynx • Snow leopard
- 11. HIMALAYAN IBEX
- 12. GOLDEN MARMOT
- 13. BHARAL
- 14. LYNX
- 15. SNOW LEOPARD
- 16. B. ALPINE ZONE
- 17. 2. Alpine Meadows Northern Hazara District and Gilgit, Chitral and Sawat Kohistan • Royle’s High Mountain Vole • Chinese Birch Mouse • Ermine
- 18. ROYLE’S HIGH MOUNTAIN VOLE
- 20. ERMINE
- 21. 3. Sub-alpine Scrub and Birch Forest Higher mountain ranges of the Himalayas, including the north-eastern corner of Hazara District, Gilgit, and Swat Kohistan. • Royle’s High Mountain Vole • Chinese Birch Mouse • Musk Deer • Snow Leopard • Markhor
- 22. MUSK DEER
- 23. MARKHOR
- 25. 4. Dry Temperate Coniferous Forest Typified by upper reaches of Kaghan Valley, Jabba Valley in Swat, Gabrial, Dir, Chilas, and Naltar Valley in Gilgit. • Small Kashmir Flying Squirrel • Himalayan Black Bear • Yellow-throated Marten • Long-tailed Field Mouse • Turkestan Rat
- 26. SMALL KASHMIR FLYING SQUIRREL
- 29. LONG TAILED FIELD MOUSE
- 30. TURKESTAN RAT
- 31. 5. Himalayan Moist Temperate Forest Lower Kaghan Valley, Shogran, Neelum Valley in Azad Kashmir, having mixed deciduous and coniferous forest and high rainfall during monsoon season. • Yellow-throated Marten • Giant Red Flying Squirrel • Small Kashmir Flying Squirrel • Leopard Cat • Grey Langur • Rhesus Macaque • Himalayan Black Bear • Porcupine • Turkestan Rat
- 32. GIANT RED FLYING SQUIRREL
- 33. LEOPARD CAT
- 34. GRAY LANGUR
- 35. RHESUS MACAQUE
- 36. PORCUPINE
- 37. 6. Sub-tropical Pine Forest A narrow zone confined between about 3000ft and 6500ft. Typified by Batrasi Pass, Buner in Swat, Gora Gali, and Tret. • Grey Goral • Panther • Cape or Tibetan Hare • Yellow-throated Marten • Himalayan Palm Civet
- 38. GREY GORAL
- 39. PANTHER
- 40. CAPE HARE
- 43. 7. Tropical Deciduous Forest This habitat is largely associated with the Jehlum Valley, the Rawalpindi foothills and outer Margala Hill. • Barking deer • Wild Pig • Nilgai in Azad Kashmir only • Yellow-throated Marten • Leopard • False Vampire Bat
- 47. Leopard at Margalla Hills National Park
- 48. E. ALPINE DRY STEPPE
- 49. 8. Steppic Forest in Northern Latitudes Typified by side valleys of Lower Chitral, parts of Gilgit, Kohistan, and Dir. • Markhor • Royle’s Pika • Forest Dormouse • Migratory Hamster • Stone Marten • Field Mouse
- 50. Markhor
- 52. 9. Steppic Forest in Intermediate Latitudes Typified by Takht-i-Sulemani, Tobba Kakkar Range, Fort Sandeman (now Zohb), western boarder of Waziristan, parts of Safed Koh, Malakand and Swat. • Markhor • Collared Pika • Migratory Hamestar • Stone Marten • Forest Dormouse • Persian Jird • Mouse-like Hamster
- 54. Stone Marten
- 55. Persian Jird
- 56. 10. Steppic Forest in Southern Latitudes Typified by the higher mountain ranges of Northern Kalat, Chiltan, Takhatu, Zarghun, and Kaliphat Mountain ranges, also the higher parts of the Suleiman Hills. • Persian Wild Goat • Straight Horned Markhor • Stone Marten • Persian Jirds • Collared Pikas • Migratory Hamsters • Mouse-like Hamster • Afghan Hedgehog
- 58. Afghan Hedgehog
- 61. 11. Monsoon-influenced Arid Sub-tropical With humid summers, mild but dry winters. Typified by Karachi, Malir, Lakhi Hills, Sindh Kohistan, Kirthar, Lasbela. • Indian Fox • Desert Cat • Chinkara • Pangolin • Hyaena • Sindh Wild Goat • Spiny Mouse • Baluchistan Gerbil • Indian Hedgehog
- 62. Indian Fox
- 63. Chinkara
- 65. 12. Less Pronounced Monsoon Influence Typified by Salt Range, Kala Chitta Hills and the eastern or outer hills of Waziristan. Most of these regions are heavily over-grazed showing only a degradation vegetation. • Urial • Chinkara • Panther • Desert Hare • Porcupine • Hyaena • Pangolin • Caracal
- 67. Hyaena
- 68. 13. Baluchistan Desert Scrub Northern Kalat, the lower parts of the Suleiman Hills, most of the Baluchistan valleys, the Kurram valley and most Waziristan and KPK. • Hill Fox • Baluchistan race of Black Bear • Hyaena • Marbled Pole Cat • Leopard • Caracal Cat • Urial • Goitred Gazelle • Porcupine • Baluchistan Gerbil
- 70. Urial
- 71. Caracal Cat
- 72. Goitred Gazelle
- 74. G. TROPICAL THORN FOREST
- 75. 14. Indus Plains Most of this region has been cleared for cultivation and last remnants of forest are heavily degraded due to over-grazing and felling by charcoal burners. Typical areas may be found between Jhang and Shorkot Road, around Kasur on the border of India and in Sindh on the right bank of the Indus around Kashmor. • Jungle Cat • Wild Pig • Desert Wolf • Common Grey Mongoose • Long-eared Hedgehog • Desert Jird • Yellow-bellied Scotophil Bat
- 76. Wild Pig
- 78. GREY MANGOOSE
- 79. 15. Sand-dunes Extensive areas of undulating sand dunes often associated with absence of cultivation and extensive semi-desert---typified by Thal Desert, Cholistan and Thar Desert. • Desert Fox • Caracal Cat • Hairy-footed • Cheesman’s Gerbil • Common Indian Gerbil • Chinkara • Small Indian civet • Desert Hare
- 80. DESERT FOX
- 81. DESERT HARE
- 83. H. RIVERAIN PLAIN OR INDUS BASIN
- 84. 16. Inundation Zones, Seepage Zones, Jheels and Swamps These include areas subject to summer flooding, but which often become dry by April or May. There are very few areas of permanent swamp in Pakistan. Typical examples are around the East Nara and Sanghar, Ghauspur in Jacobabad District and Manchar in Dadu District- all in Sindh, Trimmu and Balloki Headworks in the Punjab, and Lal Suhanran near Bahawalpur. • Wild Pig • Hog Deer • Smooth-coated Indian Otter • Fishing Cat • Yellow-bellied Scotophil
- 85. HOG DEER
- 86. SMOOTH COATED INDIAN OTTER
- 87. 17. Riverain Tract The immediate vicinity of the Indus River and its tributaries up to the base of the foothills in the north. • Smooth-coated Indian Otter • Hog Deer • Wild Pig • Small Indian Civet • Short-tailed Mole Rat • Jungle Cat • Jackal • Desert Hare
- 88. FISHING CAT
- 89. 18. Littoral or Inter-tidal Zone Typified by Indus Mouth and Sonmiani and other bays along the Mekran Coast, being characterized by mangroves. • Lesser Bandicoot Rat • Hog Deer • Smooth-coated Indian Otter • Fishing Cat • Plumbeous Dolphin • Finless Black Porpoise
- 90. FINLESS PORPOISE
- 91. Reference Book: THE MAMMALS OF PAKISTAN Author: T.J. Roberts