The document discusses the Bangladesh Liberation War that occurred from March to December 1971. It led to Bangladesh gaining independence after the Pakistani military launched Operation Searchlight and engaged in mass murder, deportation, and rape against Bengali civilians in East Pakistan. An estimated 10 million refugees fled to India and the Mukti Bahini guerilla forces were formed to resist the Pakistani military. India eventually joined the war in support of Bangladeshi forces. Pakistan surrendered on December 16th, 1971, resulting in the creation of the independent country of Bangladesh.

1. Md Hachib Howlader
ID 162-23-228
Department of Textile Engineering

2. The Bangladesh Liberation War (Bengali: মুক্তিযুদ্ধ Muktijuddho), also known as the Bangladesh War of
Independence, or simply the Liberation War in Bangladesh, was a revolution and armed conflict
sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in East Pakistan and
the 1971 Bangladesh genocide. It resulted in the independence of the People's Republic of
Bangladesh. The war began after the Pakistani military junta based in West Pakistan launched
Operation Searchlight against the people of East Pakistan on the night of 25 March 1971. It pursued
the systematic elimination of nationalist Bengali civilians, students, intelligentsia, religious minorities
and armed personnel. The junta annulled the results of the 1970 elections and arrested Prime
Minister-elect Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Rural and urban areas across East Pakistan saw extensive
military operations and air strikes to suppress the tide of civil disobedience that formed following the
1970 election stalemate. The Pakistan Army, which had the backing of Islamists, created radical
religious militias – the Razakars, Al-Badr and Al-Shams – to assist it during raids on the local
populace.[11][12][13][14] [15] Members of the Pakistani military and supporting militias engaged in
mass murder, deportation and genocidal rape. The capital Dhaka was the scene of numerous
massacres, including the Dhaka University killings. An estimated 10 million Bengali refugees fled to
neighboring India, while 30 million were internally displaced.[16] Sectarian violence broke out
between Bengalis and Urdu-speaking immigrants. An academic consensus prevails that the atrocities
committed by the Pakistani military were a genocide. The Bangladeshi Declaration of Independence
was proclaimed from Chittagong by members of the Mukti Bahini – the national liberation army
formed by Bengali military, paramilitary and civilians. The East Bengal Regiment and the East
Pakistan Rifles played a crucial role in the resistance. Led by General M. A. G. Osmani and eleven
sector commanders, the Bangladesh Forces waged a mass guerrilla war against the Pakistani
military. They liberated numerous towns and cities in the initial months of the conflict. The Pakistan
Army regained momentum in the monsoon. Bengali guerrillas carried out widespread sabotage,
including Operation Jackpot against the Pakistan Navy. The nascent Bangladesh Air Force flew
sorties against Pakistani military bases. By November, the Bangladesh forces restricted the Pakistani
military to its barracks during the night. They secured control of most parts of the countryside.
ASSIGNMENT ON BANGLADESH LIBERATION WAR

3. • Pakistani civil, military and diplomatic corps defected to the Bangladeshi provisional
government. Thousands of Bengali families were interned in West Pakistan, from
where The Provisional Government of Bangladesh was formed on 17 April 1971 in
Mujibnagar and moved to Calcutta as a government in exile. Bengali members of
the many escaped to Afghanistan. Bengali cultural activists operated the
clandestine Free Bengal Radio Station. The plight of millions of war-ravaged
Bengali civilians caused worldwide outrage and alarm. The Indian state led by
Indira Gandhi provided substantial diplomatic, economic and military support to
Bangladeshi nationalists. British, Indian and American musicians organized the
world's first benefit concert in New York City to support the Bangladeshi people.
Senator Ted Kennedy in the United States led a congressional campaign for an end
to Pakistani military persecution; while US diplomats in East Pakistan strongly
dissented with the Nixon administration's close ties to the Pakistani military dictator
Yahya Khan.India joined the war on 3 December 1971, after Pakistan launched
preemptive air strikes on North India. The subsequent Indo-Pakistani War
witnessed engagements on two war fronts. With air supremacy achieved in the
eastern theatre and the rapid advance of the Allied Forces of Bangladesh and India,
Pakistan surrendered in Dacca on 16 December 1971.The war changed the
geopolitical landscape of South Asia, with the emergence of Bangladesh as the
seventh-most populous country in the world. Due to complex regional alliances, the
war was a major episode in Cold War tensions involving the United States, the
Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. The majority of member states in
the United Nations recognized the Bangladeshi republic in 1972.

9. Historical 7 March 1971 Speech

11. GENOCIDE BY PAKISTANI MILITARY
25 MAR – 16 DEC 1997

12. TORTURED WOMEN BY PAK ARMY
Worth a Thousand Words: Bina D’Costa Tracked Down the Australian Doctor Who
Performed Late-Term Abortions on 1971 Rape Survivors. Image Credit: BDNews

13. Haunted By This Headline. Image Credit: BD News
This wall portrait is painted by an artist of Fine Arts, Dhaka University beside
the “Ganajagoron Monch” at Shahbag, Dhaka.This is not only a piece of art, but
it was the real picture of 1971, Bangladesh.Pakistan Army raped our women
with the help of some local religion based political organizations like
Razakar,Al-Badar, Al-Shams…

17. WAR
BEGAN

21. Seven Bir Sreshtho of Bangladesh Liberation War
Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Mohiuddin
Jahangir
1. Birthday: March 6, 1945
2. Birth district: Barisal
3. Rank: Captain
4. ID Number: BSS-10439
5. Squad: Bangladesh Army.
6. Martyr Day: December 9, 1971
Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Hamidur
Rahman
1. Birthday: February 2, 1953
2. Birth district: Jhenaidah
3. Rank: Sepoy
4. ID Number: 3943014
5. Squad: Bangladesh Army
6. Martyr Day: October 8, 1971

22. Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Mostofa
Kamal
1. Birthday: December 16, 1947
2. Birth district: Barishal
3. Rank: Sepoy
4. ID Number: 3937798
5. Squad: Bangladesh Army
6. Martyr Day: April 18, 1971
Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Matiur Rahman
1. Birthday: October 29, 1941
2. Birth district: Dhaka
3. Rank: Flight Lieutenant
4. ID Number: 4367 (Pakistan)
5. Squad: Bangladesh Air Force
6. Martyr Day: August 20, 1971

23. Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Mohammad
Ruhul Amin
1. Birthday: 1935
2. Birth district: Noakhali
3. Rank: Engine Room Artificer,
Class-1
4. ID Number: 62066
5. Squad: Bangladesh Navy
6. Martyr Day: December 10, 1971
Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Munshi Abdur Rouf
1. Birthday: May 1, 1943
2. Birth district: Faridpur
3. Rank: Lance Nayek
4. ID Number: Unavailable
5. Squad: Bangladesh Rifles
6. Martyr Day: April 18, 1971

24. Bir Sreshtho Shaheed Nur
Mohammad Sheikh
1. Birthday: February 26, 1936
2. Birth district: Jessore
3. Rank: Lance Nayek
4. ID Number: 9459
5. Squad: Bangladesh Rifles
6. Martyr Day: September 5, 1971