about 1971 what is happening in Bangladesh

1. Group Members….
Serial
No.
Name ID
1 A. B. M. Rayhan 162-23-243
2 Md. Sabbir Ahmed 162-23-231
3 Kawser Sarker 163-23-261
4 Istiak Ahmed Nerob 163-23-254

2. • The biggest mistake was occurred in 1947 when
British left a single country in two pieces East
Pakistan and West Pakistan separated by hundreds of
kilometers.
• Ethnic and linguistic discrimination was a key factor in
the rise of Bengali nationalist sentiment. Although East
Pakistan had a larger population, West Pakistan
dominated the divided country politically and received
more money from the common budget.
• East Pakistanis were criticized in all the ways
possible by West Pakistan which ultimately lead for a
separate nation.
• By November 1971 genocide of multiple massacre's
were carried which caused an overall three million
causalities.
Causes & events of liberation
war

3. Map of east & west pakistan

4. Background of Independence
Although the East had most of Pakistan's
population, the Western population, especially the
Punjabis, had all of the political power. In 1970,
the East won an election by landslide victory, but
the West refused to let the East have power. This
outraged the East, and they believed that
independence was necessary.
Many other factors also contributed to the
independence of Bangladesh:
Social background
Political Background
Economic Background
Cultural Background

5. Social Background
West PakistanEast PakistanTotalPosts
19019Secretary
380341Joint Secretary
13003133Deputy Secretary
13858196Foreign Ambassadors
51038548Section Officer
West PakistanEast PakistanGrade
0402University
0401Medical College
52442217Primary School
Many discriminations were reportedly existing East and West
Pakistan on the societal level:
• Most of the high administrative positions were occupied by the West
Pakistanis:
Source: Govt. Report of 1958 (Bangladesh Studies: MOU)
• Huge discrimination was prevailing in the area of education facility:

6. West PakistanEast PakistanType of JobYear
326186Civil Service of Pakistan
1967-68
14186Pakistan Tax Service
7640Customs & Service
3620Railway Accounts Service
9544Audit & Accounts
5018Military Accounts
12882Police Service of Pakistan
4919Central Information
Source: Budget Discussion in the National Assembly of Pakistan, June 18, 1968
• Disparity was also there in case of employment. Most of the high posts
were held by them and the minimal jobs were also distributed unevenly
among the general population. Look at the following table:
Social Background

7. Political events leading to war of
1971
1. Bengali Language Movement.
2. Six point movement.
3. Agartala Conspiracy Case and 1969 uprising
in East Pakistan.
4. Pakistani general election, 1970
5. 7th March Speech of Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman

8. 7th March of sheikh Mujibur
Rahman

9. Historical Six Points Movement:
1) In February 1966, in a Conference in Lahore for
restoration of democracy, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
declared the historic six points demands calling for:
I. a Federation based on the Lahore Resolution,
II. central government dealt only with defense and foreign
affairs,
III.either two separate currencies for the two wings or same
currency for both wings with provision that flight of
capital is prevented and each wing maintain separate
revenue accounts,
IV.the units be given the authority to levy taxes and to
collect revenue,
V. separate foreign exchange accounts for both the wings,
and
VI.setting up a para-military force for East Bengal.

10. "Today, I appeared before you with a heavy heart. You know everything and
understand as well. We tried our best but the streets of Dhaka, Chittagong,
Khulna, Rajshahi, and Rangpur have been dyed red with the blood of our
brother. People of Bangladesh today want freedom. They want to survive. They
want to have their rights. What wrong did we do?"
• He mentioned four conditions for joining the National Assembly on 25 March:
• The immediate lifting of martial law;
• The immediate withdrawal of all military personnel to their barracks;
• The immediate transfer of power to elected representatives of the people;
• A proper inquiry into the loss of life during the conflict.
He also gave several directives for a civil disobedience movement, instructing that:
• People should not pay taxes;
• Government servants should take orders only from him;
• The secretariat, government and semi-government offices, and courts in East
Pakistan should observe strikes, with necessary exemptions announced from
time to time;
• Only local and inter-district telephone lines should function;
• Railways and ports could continue to function, but their workers should not co-
operate if they were used to repress the people of East Pakistan.
The speech lasted about 19 minutes and concluded with, "Our struggle, this time, is
we struggle for our freedom. Our struggle, this time, is a struggle for our
independence. Joy Bangla! “ It was a de facto declaration of Bangladesh's
independence.

12. 1971
Operation Search Light
The first phase was the war of resistance,
which began just after the Operation
Searchlight was unleashed (25 March, 1971).
The moment the Pakistani forces attacked the
sleeping people at dead of night, some of our
patriotic armed forces started fighting back
almost instantaneously.

14. Mujibnagar Government
Mujibnagar Government the government constituted at Mujibnagar to
conduct the Bangladesh WAR OF LIBERATION, formed on 10 April 1971 after
the DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE on 26 March 1971. The Mujibnagar
government headed by TAJUDDIN AHMAD took oath on 17 April 1971 at
Mujibnagar.
The oath taking ceremony of the government took place on 17 April at
Baidyanathtala, in the district of Meherpur.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman President
Syed Nazrul Islam Vice President
Tajuddin Ahmad Prime Minister
Khondakar Mostaq Ahmad Minister, Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
M Mansur Ali Minister, Ministry of Finance.
AHM Qamaruzzaman Minister, Ministry of Home.

15. Mujibnagar Government
Vice President, Prime Minister, Ministers and Commander-in-Chief Incharge of Mujibnagar
Government

16. Sectors in the liberation war

19. Sector 1: comprised the districts of Chittagong and
Chittagong Hill Tracts, and the entire eastern area of the
Noakhali district on the banks of the river Muhuri. The
headquarters of the sector was at Harina. The sector
commander was Major Ziaur Rahman, later replaced by
Major Rafiqul Islam
Sector 2: comprised the districts of Dhaka, Comilla,
and Faridpur, and part of Noakhali district. The sector
commander was Major Khaled Mosharraf, later
replaced by Major ATM Haider
Sector 3: comprised the area between Churaman Kathi
(near Sreemangal) and Sylhet in the north and Singerbil
of Brahmanbaria in the south. The sector commander
was Major KM Shafiullah, later replaced by Major
ANM Nuruzzaman. Nineteen guerilla bases operated in
this sector

20.  Sector 4: comprised the area from Habiganj sub-division of
Sylhet district on the north to Kanaighat Police Station on
the south along the 100 mile long border with India. The
sector commander was Major Chittarajan Datta, later
replaced by Captain A Rab
 Sector 5: comprised the area from Durgapur to Danki
(Tamabil) of Sylhet district and the entire area up to the
eastern borders of the district. Sector commander was Major
Mir Shawkat Ali. The headquarters of the sector was at
Banshtala.
 Sector 6: comprised Rangpur district and part of Dinajpur
district. Wing Commander M Khdemul Bashar was the
sector commander. The headquarters of the sector was at
Burimari near Patgram..

21.  Sector 7: comprised the districts of Rajshahi, Pabna, Bogra and
part of Dinajpur district. The sector commander was Major Nazrul
Haq, later replaced by Subedar Major A Rab and Kazi
Nuruzzaman.
 Sector 8: In April 1971, the operational area of the sector
comprised the districts of Kushtia, Jessore, Khulna, Barisal,
Faridpur and Patuakhali. The sector commander was Major Abu
Osman Chowdhury, later replaced by Major MA Manzur
 Sector 9: comprised the districts of Barisal and Patuakhali, and
parts of the district of Khulna and Faridpur. The sector commander
was Major MA JALIL, later replaced by Major MA Manzur and
Major Joynal Abedin.
 Sector 10: This sector was constituted with the naval commandos.
Eight Bengali officers of Pakistan Navy trained in France were the
pioneers in forming this force.
 Sector 11: comprised the districts of Mymensingh and Tangail,
Major M Abu Taher were the sector commander. After Major Taher
was seriously wounded in a battle, he was replaced by Squadron
Leader Hamidullah.

22. Three brigades were formed in July, September and October
and were named after respective commanders.
Z-force: Commander: Lt. Col.Ziaur Rahman
K-force: Commander: Lt. Col.KhaledMosharraf
S-force: Commander: Lt. Col. K M Shafiullah
Bangladesh Liberation Force was formed after special training
of selected members of Students league and young members of
Awami league. This force was popularly known as 'Mujib
Bahini'.
 Besides Mukti Bahini, many other bahinis were organized
inside Bangladesh at different places to fight Pakistan Army.
These Bahinis included Kader Bahini of Tangail, Latif
Mirza Bahini of Sirajganj, Akbar Hossain Bahini of
Jhinaidah, Hemayet Bahini of Faridpur, Quddus Molla and
Gafur Bahini of Barisal, Afsar Bahini of Mymensingh and
Aftab Bahini of Mymensingh.

25. Surrender of pakistan army

30. Long live Bangladesh