This ppt is dedicated to P K mohanty bcet balasore

1. -: THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE :-

2. -: CONTENT :-
 INRODUCTION
 PARTS OF VEHICLE
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE

3. -: INRODUCTION:-
 AIR is heavily polluted at every moment .
 The major factor are power production plant and use IC engine vehicle.
 There are some evolution in power plant industry but there was no more
modification in IC engine vehicle .
 Now there is a drastically changes in automobile manufacturing.
 For zero emission, more performance a new vehicle is invented.
 Which is a Electric vehicle. Whose name .
 Vehicle that use electric motor instead of IC engine for propulsion is called
electric vehicle.
 Electric vehicle could be driven efficiently with the help of just one pedal. This
is possible due to its powerful Regenerative braking system.

4.  Electric vehicle are noise free and pollution free and highest performance
vehicle in automobile history.
 The electric motor get power from a rechargeable battery pack. The
battery pack is consist of a large number of small cell lithium ion, which
is use in our day to day life.
 For propulsion use 3-phase Induction motor, which is self started and
more efficient than IC engine and other electrical machine.
 Vehicle have single speed transmission instead of complex and heavy
transmission like IC engine.
 For complete stop only apply brake pedal. So electric vehicle is much
safer than IC engine vehicle.

6. -: PARTS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE :-
1. 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
2. INTELLIGENT INVERTER
3. BATTERY PACK
4. SINGLE SPEED TRANSMISSION
5. REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM

7. 1.ELECTRIC MOTOR :-
 Induction motor use for propulsion of vehicle. The
induction motor have two main parts 1. Stator, 2. Rotor
 The rotor is simply a collection of conducting bars short-
circuited by end rings.
 The stator is collection of laminated core with 3 phase
winding, The 3-phase alternating current provide to
stator and it produce a rotating magnetic field (RMF).
Let us understand how a induction motor work
 Consider 3 coils are connected 120 degree apart.
 A wire carrying current produces magnetic field around it.
 When 3 phase power provide with variation in ac current
to this special coil arrangement the magnetic field is like
uniform strength rotating, which is called RMF. The
rotational speed of the magnetic field is called
synchronous speed (Ns).

8.  When a closed conductor put inside it according to FARADAY’S law the Magnetic
field is varying an EMF will induced in the loop the EMF will produce current in the
loop.
 The situation became like a current carrying loop situated inside the Magnetic field.
 According to Lorentz force law the electromagnetic force will produce on the loop
and the loop start to rotate.

9.  In case of induction motor instead of closed loop a squirrel cage short circuited end
rings rotor is use.
 When the 3 phase AC current provide to the stator which produces a RMF, so the
current will produce on the bar of squirrel cage by FARADY’S law of electromagnetic
induction. So the rotor will start to rotate that’s why the motor is called induction
motor, the electricity is induced on the rotor with the help of electromagnetic induction
rather than direct connection.
 The big advantages of
induction motor which is
inherently self started.

10.  An induction motor has neither brushes nor permanent
magnet, at the same time it is robust (able to survive
being used a lot) and powerful.
 The beauty of induction motor is that its speed depends
on the frequency of the ac power supply.
 So just by varying the frequency of the power supply,
we will able to alter the drive wheel speed.
*This the most sizable advantages of Tesla induction motor
over Typical IC engine
 It has noise less and zero emission and highest
performance.
 3 PHASE INDUCTION motors can self started by
simply applying POWER and IC engine required a DC
motor for starting .

11.  According to Power output TESLA induction motor =270 KW but Average IC
engine =140KW.
 According to speed range motor have zero to 18000 RPM and IC engine have
2000 to 4000 RPM.
 Motor have Direct Rotational motion and uniform power output with no loss
during transmission.
 But IC engine have convertible loss from Piston (Linear) motion to crank
(Rotary) motion, friction loss from flywheel, clutch and heavy transmission
mechanism .

13. 2. INVERTER :-
 It mainly convert the battery power DC to 3 phase AC.
 The power electronic device of inverter also control
the AC power frequency.
 INVERTER varying the frequency Amplitude of AC
power is to control the speed of motor.
 During reverse mechanism there is no reverse gear
so that the inverter supply power to the motor in
reverse manner.
 During regenerative braking system the inverter plays
a crucial role in adjusting the input power frequency
and keeping RMF speed below the Rotor speed.
 Thus INVERTER acts as Brain in electric car.
(CONVERT DC TO AC)

14. 3. BATTERY PACK :-
 In Electric motor receive power from a battery pack.
 Battery produce DC power before supply to motor it converted
to AC by a smart inverter.
 The amazing fact is that the collection of common lithium-ion
cells similar to those in our daily life.
 Cells are connected in a combination of series and parallel to
produce power required to run the CAR.
 Glycol coolant is passed through the metallic inner tube through
the gap between the cells. This is the one innovation of TESLA.
 By using huge small cells instead of few big cells because
Effective cooling is guaranteed.
 This minimise thermal hot spots and even temperature
distribution is achieved leading to higher battery pack life.

15.  The cells are arranged in a detachable modules for quick repair of damage cell.
 There are 16 such modules in the battery pack constituting 7000 cells.
 The heated glycol is cooled down by passing through a radiator, which fitted at
the front of the vehicle.
 The battery pack is fitted closely at the ground level will lower the vehicle
Centre of gravity.
 The lower Centre of Gravity improves the stability of vehicle considerably.

17. 4. SINGLE SPEED TRANSMISSION :-
 The power produce by the motor is transfer to drive wheel through a gear box.
 Tesla vehicle use single speed transmission because the motor is more efficient in a
wide range of operating condition .
 The output speed of motor is transmitter in two step.
 To achieve reverse gear in electric car is quite easy because just change the direction of
power supply to motor.
 Here use of open differential because open differential have more rugged (strongly
design to use in difficult situation) and torque transmitting capacity.
 But open differential have a problem of traction control.
 Applying two method to overcome traction control problem in open differential
1. Selecting braking 2. cutting the power supply

18.  In case of IC engine this power supply cut by cutting the
fuel is not so responsive.
 But induction motor, however cutting the power supply is
quite responsive.
 Tesla can be accomplished the traction control operation
with help of sensors and controllers.
 In short, Tesla motors has replaced a complex mechanical
hardware system with smart responsive software.

20. 5.REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM :-
 The main advantages of Electric car could be driven efficiently with the help of
just one pedal.
 This is possible due to its powerful Regenerative braking system.
 That means saving the huge kinetic energy of the car in the form of electricity
without wasting it as heat.
 In an electric car, as soon as you release the accelerator pedal the Regenerative
braking comes into action.
 The interesting thing is that during the Regenerative braking the same
induction motor acts as a generator.
 In this operation the wheels drive the rotor of the induction motor.
 We previously know that in a Induction motor, the rotor speed is less than the
RFM speed.

21.  To convert the motor to a Generator. The rotor speed is greater than the RMF
speed.
During induction motor During induction generator
ROTOR SPEED < RMF SPEED ROTOR SPEED > RMF SPEED
 The inverter plays a crucial role here in adjusting the input power frequency
and keeping the RMF speed below the rotor speed.
 This will generate electricity in the stator coils, the generating electricity is
higher than the supplied electricity.
 The generate electricity can then stored in the battery pack after the
conversion.
 An opposing electromagnetic force acts on the rotor during this process, so the
drive wheels and the car will slow down.
 This way vehicle speed can be accurately controlled during the drive, using a
single pedal. The Brake pedal can be applied for a complete STOP.

23. -: WORKING PRINCIPLE :-
At first the DC power from battery pack is converted into 3 phase AC by the help of
intelligent inverter. Then this 3 phase AC power supply to the Induction motor. The 3
phase induction motor is automatically run. It doesn’t required any starting mechanism
like other electrical machine. When we press the accelerator pedal the inverter provide
high frequency AC power to the induction motor. Due to high frequency AC power the
Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF) speed on the stator is high, so that the current induced in
the Rotor winding by faradays law of electromagnetic induction and the Rotor move very
fast by Lorentz force law. When we release the accelerator pedal the vehicle is slow down
by the help of powerful regenerative braking system, for complete stop apply brake. In
Regenerative Braking system The induction motor act as induction generator. Here kinetic
energy from wheel drives the rotor of the induction motor. In case of induction motor the
RMF speed > Rotor speed but in case of induction generator the RMF speed < Rotor
speed, from regenerative braking produce electricity is higher than supplied electricity and
that power is stored in battery pack. So Electric car could be driven efficiently with the
help of just one pedal. Here The inverter plays a crucial role here in adjusting the input
power frequency and keeping the RMF speed below the rotor speed.

24. ADVANTAGES
 Electric vehicle produce “zero emissions.”
 Motor give more torque, power than IC engine.
 According to consider weight the TESLA 3 Phase induction motor have ~31.8 kg but
typical IC engine have minimum 180 kg.
 According to weight/power ratio motor have 8.5 kw/kg and IC engine have 0.8 kw/kg.
 Electric vehicle have single speed transmission.
 The main advantages of Electric vehicle could be driven efficiently with one pedal by
the help of powerful regenerative system.
 The vehicle use small lithium ion battery for effective cooling and quick replacement
of damage cell.
 This Sedan have 7 sit and front bonnet available for storage of passenger luggage .

25.  DISADVANTAGES
 Vehicle require time for recharge the battery at least 1 hour but IC engine
require less than 5 minute for refuelling.
 Electric car have more expensive because of new parts and technology.

26. CONCLUSION
 The TESLA motors founder ELON MUSK is to shape our future by invention
of high performance Electric vehicle and solar city.
 The campaign on GO GREEN is fulfilled by TESLA Electric vehicle.
 Electric Vehicle also run in INDIA because of more advantages, for charging
of vehicle more amount of charging station establish in all over Indian high
way.
 According to cost of travel the EV has 1.8 rupee/mile and IC engine have
6 rupee/mile and it is more safer than IC engine vehicle because drive
efficiently with just one pedal, maintenance cost is very low than IC engine
vehicle.

27. REFERENCE
 YouTube/Learn Engineering
 www.KYLE’SVIDEO.com

28. -: THANK YOU:-