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LA DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA HUMANA HACE 100.000 AÑOS
Daniel Turbón
PARTE	
  PRIMERA	
  
	
  
mtDNA	
  
!
Ancient DNA Reveals Prehistoric Gene-Flow from Siberia in the Complex Human
Population History of North East Europe. Plos Genetics, February 2013
!
Ancient DNA Reveals
Prehistoric Gene-Flow from
Siberia in the Complex Human
Population History of North
East Europe
Plos Genetics, February 2013
Phillip V. Tobias
y una enana hipofisaria
bosquimana
BUSHMEN
ÁFRICA	
  
Pigmeos	
  
Panorama	
  cien4fico	
  -­‐	
  2012	
  
PARTE	
  SEGUNDA	
  
LA	
  DIVERSIDAD	
  GENÉTICA	
  	
  
AFRICANA	
  
SCIENCE,	
  SETEMBER	
  2012	
  
	
  
2.3	
  million	
  SNPs	
  in	
  220	
  southern	
  Africans	
  and	
  found	
  that	
  the	
  Khoe-­‐San	
  diverged	
  from	
  other	
  
populaPons	
  >100,000	
  years	
  ago,	
  but	
  structure	
  within	
  the	
  Khoe-­‐San	
  dated	
  back	
  to	
  about	
  35,000	
  years	
  ago	
  
Frecuencias alélicas y haplotípicas
Diferentes haplotipos para un grupo de marcadores SNP
Algunos polimorfismos de determinación directa
GEN ALELOS
Microsatélites
D3S1358 11, 11.2, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 16.2, 17, 18, 19, 20
D5S818 7, 8, 9, 9,2, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
D7S820 6, 7, 8, 9, 9,1, 9,3, 10, 11, 12, 12,2, 13, 14, 15
D8S1179 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11,3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18
D13S317 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
D18S51 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13.2, 14, 14.2, 15, 15.2, 16, 17, 17.2, 18, 19, 20, 20.2, 21, 22,
23, 24
D21S11 24.2, 25, 25.2, 26, 26.2, 27, 28, 28.2, 29, 29.2, 30, 30.2, 31, 31.2, 32, 32.2, 33,
33.2, 34, 34.2, 35, 35.2, 36, 38
FGA (FIBRA) 17, 18, 18.2, 19, 19.2, 20, 20.2, 21, 21.2, 21.3, 22, 22.2, 22.3, 23, 23.2, 23.3, 24,
24.2, 25, 25.1, 25.2, 26, 26.5, 27, 27.2, 28, 29, 30, 30.2
VWA31 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21
CSF1PO 6, 7, 8, 9, 9.1, 10, 10.3, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
D16S539 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
TH01 5, 6, 7, 8, 8.3, 9, 9.3, 10, 11
TPOX 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
Minisatélites
APOB 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58
D1S80 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41
D17S5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
NEANDERTALES
PARTE CUARTA
NEANDERTALES Y
DENISOVANOS
A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome
Richard E. Green, et al. Science 328, 710 (2010)
DENISOVANOS
NATURE. Genetic Group From DENISOVA 2010
AJHG. Reich et al. Denisova Admixture 2011
PNAS. Archaic Human Ancestry in East Asia 2011
SCIENCE. Meyer at el. A High-Coverage Sequence fron an
Archaic Denisovan Individual
PLOS GENETICS Complex Making Humans 2012
PLOS BIOLOGY Prefrontal neurons Denisovan 2012
Fig. 2. Reconstruction of early spread of modern humans outside Africa. The tree shows the divergence of the
Aboriginal Australian (ABR) relative to the CEPH European (CEU) and the Han Chinese (HAN) with gene flow
between aboriginal Australasians and Asian ancestors. Purple arrow shows early spread of the ancestors of
Aboriginal Australians into eastern Asia ~62,000 to 75,000 years B.P. (ka BP), exchanging genes with Denisovans,
and reaching Australia ~50,000 years B.P. Black arrow shows spread of East Asians ~25,000 to 38,000 years B.P.
and admixing with remnants of the early dispersal (red arrow) some time before the split between Asians and
Native American ancestors ~15,000 to 30,000 years B.P. YRI, Yoruba.
SCIENCE	
  334,	
  	
  94	
  (2011)	
  
PARTE QUINTA
	
  
EL RELOJ MOLECULAR
	
  
NATURE GENETICS. Human Mutation Rate 2012
Figure 4 | Populations and timescales involved in the origin of modern humans
according to our revised model. Shaded regions show possible distributions of
Neanderthal (green; Europe), Denisovan (blue–green; Asia) and putative ancestral
modern human populations. Arrows indicate some major human migrations into Eurasia
and Australia (routes are figurative); palaeoanthropological sites are represented with
symbols (diamonds are fossil sites, circles are archaeological sites, and open symbols
represent uncertain dating or attribution). All numbers refer to dates in thousands of
years ago. Within Africa, the dashed line running north to south represents the
divergence between populations ancestral to Khoe–San (purple; South Africa) and other
African populations; the dashed line running east to west represents divergence between
populations ancestral to Yoruba (red; West Africa) and present-day non-Africans
(orange; East Africa and the Middle East).
SISTEMA IMMUNE
HLA CLASSE 1
PARTE SEXTA
SCIENCE. Inmune System Admixture
with Archaic Humans 2011
Algunos polimorfismos de determinación directa
GEN ALELOS
Inserciones Alu
ACE Inserción, No inserción
TPA25 Inserción, No inserción
PV92 Inserción, No inserción
APO Inserción, No inserción
D1 Inserción, No inserción
FXIIIB Inserción, No inserción
B65 Inserción, No inserción
A25 Inserción, No inserción
Genes HLA
DRB1 DRB1*0101, DRB1*0102, DRB1*0103, DRB1*0104, DRB1*1501, DRB1*1502,
DRB1*1503, DRB1*1601, DRB1*1602, DRB1*1603, DRB1*1605, DRB1*0301,
DRB1*03011, DRB1*0302, DRB1*0304, DRB1*0401, DRB1*0402,
DRB1*0403, DRB1*0404, DRB1*0405, DRB1*0406, DRB1*0407, DRB1*0408,
DRB1*0410, DRB1*0413, DRB1*1101, DRB1*1102, DRB1*1103, DRB1*1104,
DRB1*1106, DRB1*1109, DRB1*1111, DRB1*1112, DRB1*1127, DRB1*1201,
DRB1*1202, DRB1*1301, DRB1*1302, DRB1*1303, DRB1*1305, DRB1*1306,
DRB1*1307, DRB1*1308, DRB1*1315, DRB1*1401, DRB1*1402, DRB1*1404,
DRB1*1405, DRB1*1406, DRB1*1407, DRB1*1408, DRB1*1409, DRB1*1410,
DRB1*0701, DRB1*0801, DRB1*0802, DRB1*0803, DRB1*08032,
DRB1*0804, DRB1*0805, DRB1*0806, DRB1*0811, DRB1*0901,
DRB1*09012, DRB1*1001
DQB1 DQB1*0501, DQB1*0502, DQB1*05031, DQB1*0503, DQB1*06011,
DQB1*0601, DQB1*0602, DQB1*0603, DQB1*0604, DQB1*0605,
DQB1*0607, DQB1*0609, DQB1*0201, DQB1*0202, DQB1*0301,
DQB1*0302, DQB1*03032, DQB1*0303, DQB1*0304, DQB1*0305,
DQB1*0401, DQB1*0402
La diversidad genética hace 100.000 años
La diversidad genética hace 100.000 años
La diversidad genética hace 100.000 años

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La diversidad genética hace 100.000 años

  • 1. LA DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA HUMANA HACE 100.000 AÑOS Daniel Turbón
  • 2. PARTE  PRIMERA     mtDNA  
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. ! Ancient DNA Reveals Prehistoric Gene-Flow from Siberia in the Complex Human Population History of North East Europe. Plos Genetics, February 2013
  • 8. ! Ancient DNA Reveals Prehistoric Gene-Flow from Siberia in the Complex Human Population History of North East Europe Plos Genetics, February 2013
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12. Phillip V. Tobias y una enana hipofisaria bosquimana
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 17. Panorama  cien4fico  -­‐  2012   PARTE  SEGUNDA   LA  DIVERSIDAD  GENÉTICA     AFRICANA  
  • 18. SCIENCE,  SETEMBER  2012     2.3  million  SNPs  in  220  southern  Africans  and  found  that  the  Khoe-­‐San  diverged  from  other   populaPons  >100,000  years  ago,  but  structure  within  the  Khoe-­‐San  dated  back  to  about  35,000  years  ago  
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. Frecuencias alélicas y haplotípicas Diferentes haplotipos para un grupo de marcadores SNP
  • 24. Algunos polimorfismos de determinación directa GEN ALELOS Microsatélites D3S1358 11, 11.2, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 16.2, 17, 18, 19, 20 D5S818 7, 8, 9, 9,2, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 D7S820 6, 7, 8, 9, 9,1, 9,3, 10, 11, 12, 12,2, 13, 14, 15 D8S1179 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11,3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 D13S317 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 D18S51 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13.2, 14, 14.2, 15, 15.2, 16, 17, 17.2, 18, 19, 20, 20.2, 21, 22, 23, 24 D21S11 24.2, 25, 25.2, 26, 26.2, 27, 28, 28.2, 29, 29.2, 30, 30.2, 31, 31.2, 32, 32.2, 33, 33.2, 34, 34.2, 35, 35.2, 36, 38 FGA (FIBRA) 17, 18, 18.2, 19, 19.2, 20, 20.2, 21, 21.2, 21.3, 22, 22.2, 22.3, 23, 23.2, 23.3, 24, 24.2, 25, 25.1, 25.2, 26, 26.5, 27, 27.2, 28, 29, 30, 30.2 VWA31 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 CSF1PO 6, 7, 8, 9, 9.1, 10, 10.3, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 D16S539 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 TH01 5, 6, 7, 8, 8.3, 9, 9.3, 10, 11 TPOX 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 Minisatélites APOB 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 D1S80 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 D17S5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
  • 25.
  • 26. NEANDERTALES PARTE CUARTA NEANDERTALES Y DENISOVANOS A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome Richard E. Green, et al. Science 328, 710 (2010)
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30. DENISOVANOS NATURE. Genetic Group From DENISOVA 2010 AJHG. Reich et al. Denisova Admixture 2011 PNAS. Archaic Human Ancestry in East Asia 2011 SCIENCE. Meyer at el. A High-Coverage Sequence fron an Archaic Denisovan Individual PLOS GENETICS Complex Making Humans 2012 PLOS BIOLOGY Prefrontal neurons Denisovan 2012
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. Fig. 2. Reconstruction of early spread of modern humans outside Africa. The tree shows the divergence of the Aboriginal Australian (ABR) relative to the CEPH European (CEU) and the Han Chinese (HAN) with gene flow between aboriginal Australasians and Asian ancestors. Purple arrow shows early spread of the ancestors of Aboriginal Australians into eastern Asia ~62,000 to 75,000 years B.P. (ka BP), exchanging genes with Denisovans, and reaching Australia ~50,000 years B.P. Black arrow shows spread of East Asians ~25,000 to 38,000 years B.P. and admixing with remnants of the early dispersal (red arrow) some time before the split between Asians and Native American ancestors ~15,000 to 30,000 years B.P. YRI, Yoruba. SCIENCE  334,    94  (2011)  
  • 38. PARTE QUINTA   EL RELOJ MOLECULAR   NATURE GENETICS. Human Mutation Rate 2012
  • 39. Figure 4 | Populations and timescales involved in the origin of modern humans according to our revised model. Shaded regions show possible distributions of Neanderthal (green; Europe), Denisovan (blue–green; Asia) and putative ancestral modern human populations. Arrows indicate some major human migrations into Eurasia and Australia (routes are figurative); palaeoanthropological sites are represented with symbols (diamonds are fossil sites, circles are archaeological sites, and open symbols represent uncertain dating or attribution). All numbers refer to dates in thousands of years ago. Within Africa, the dashed line running north to south represents the divergence between populations ancestral to Khoe–San (purple; South Africa) and other African populations; the dashed line running east to west represents divergence between populations ancestral to Yoruba (red; West Africa) and present-day non-Africans (orange; East Africa and the Middle East).
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42. SISTEMA IMMUNE HLA CLASSE 1 PARTE SEXTA SCIENCE. Inmune System Admixture with Archaic Humans 2011
  • 43. Algunos polimorfismos de determinación directa GEN ALELOS Inserciones Alu ACE Inserción, No inserción TPA25 Inserción, No inserción PV92 Inserción, No inserción APO Inserción, No inserción D1 Inserción, No inserción FXIIIB Inserción, No inserción B65 Inserción, No inserción A25 Inserción, No inserción Genes HLA DRB1 DRB1*0101, DRB1*0102, DRB1*0103, DRB1*0104, DRB1*1501, DRB1*1502, DRB1*1503, DRB1*1601, DRB1*1602, DRB1*1603, DRB1*1605, DRB1*0301, DRB1*03011, DRB1*0302, DRB1*0304, DRB1*0401, DRB1*0402, DRB1*0403, DRB1*0404, DRB1*0405, DRB1*0406, DRB1*0407, DRB1*0408, DRB1*0410, DRB1*0413, DRB1*1101, DRB1*1102, DRB1*1103, DRB1*1104, DRB1*1106, DRB1*1109, DRB1*1111, DRB1*1112, DRB1*1127, DRB1*1201, DRB1*1202, DRB1*1301, DRB1*1302, DRB1*1303, DRB1*1305, DRB1*1306, DRB1*1307, DRB1*1308, DRB1*1315, DRB1*1401, DRB1*1402, DRB1*1404, DRB1*1405, DRB1*1406, DRB1*1407, DRB1*1408, DRB1*1409, DRB1*1410, DRB1*0701, DRB1*0801, DRB1*0802, DRB1*0803, DRB1*08032, DRB1*0804, DRB1*0805, DRB1*0806, DRB1*0811, DRB1*0901, DRB1*09012, DRB1*1001 DQB1 DQB1*0501, DQB1*0502, DQB1*05031, DQB1*0503, DQB1*06011, DQB1*0601, DQB1*0602, DQB1*0603, DQB1*0604, DQB1*0605, DQB1*0607, DQB1*0609, DQB1*0201, DQB1*0202, DQB1*0301, DQB1*0302, DQB1*03032, DQB1*0303, DQB1*0304, DQB1*0305, DQB1*0401, DQB1*0402