3. Causes:
Developments during World War II
challenge segregation.
African-Americans demand an end
to De Jure segregation: ‘by law’
African-American churches
promote non-violent protest
6. Effects:
Constitutional and legal changes end
de jure segregation
Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Government promotes affirmative-
action programs
Economic, educational, and political
opportunities increase for African-
Americans.