6. Codeswitching as a resistance strategy: Mongolian-Kazakh youths
nethnographic
language study
7. Codeswitching as a resistance strategy: Mongolian-Kazakh youths
Mongolian-Kazakhs create a group bond
around their shared daily struggles
For the use of uninhibited
Kazakh, Mongolian Kazakhs
build “safe houses”,
As the Kazakhs are
often excluded from
the Mongolian
market, they use
English to be part of
the world market
8. Codemeshing as a resistance strategy: Japanese
EFL university students
100 EFL Undergraduate Students
participated in the classroom
ethnographic study. English from textbooks is the
most appropriate way of learnin
English.
Study was funded by
Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science.
KAKENHI.
9. Codemeshing as a resistance strategy: Japanese
EFL university students
Students had
opportunities to use
‘translingual English’ by
twisting, bending, and
meshing ‘standard
English’ and ‘Japanizing’
it.
Courses of English and Globalization,
English and CyberCulture, English for
Active Communication
topic of interest such as the
Fukushima nuclear sinister
of 2011 experienced by
some of the students
themselves
10. Codemeshing as a resistance strategy: Japanese
EFL university students
students reported that it was
exciting and pleasing to learn
‘real life English’ from ‘real
people’ rather than textbooks
The courses offered students an
opportunity to see English in a
different way by creating a space in
Facebook where they could interact
freely and commonly
11. Conclusions
1. Observe ‘codeswitching’ resistant practices in Kazakh youths referring to the
use of different languages depending on the context.
2. Observe ‘codemeshing’ resistant practices in Japanese youths referring to the
hybrid practice of mixing English with their own local and in-group semiotic
resources (Japanizing English.)
3. It is unwise to adopt a generalized position that codemeshing is more resistant
or critically informed than codeswitching.
4. Ideological implications of language choices are different based on different
histories and geopolitical communities.
5. Codemeshing is two-edged and social domains are layered.
6. This study calls for sociolinguists to act as critical ‘organic intellectuals’ to not
allow their biases on their research participants, be able to classify transgressive
from collusive practices to finally foster proficiencies that are ideologically
informed.
12. Q & A Session
Which the best resistant practice, CODESWITCHING or CODEMESHING? Why?
As bilingual or multilingual speakers, which practice do you find easier? Which one
do you use the most?
Professor Richard Miller argues that language is power and Standard Written
English holds the most; consequently, allowing students to stray from English
standards of correctness only hinders their potential to achieve upward social
mobility. Do you agree or disagree with? Why? Why not?
http://multiculturalliteracies.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu/richard-e-miller/
Do you believe that these practices can be beneficial for Ecuadorian EFL learners?
If so, how? Give examples.