8. US Vehicle Miles Travelled
2940000
2960000
2980000
3000000
3020000
3040000
3060000
3080000
3100000
3120000
3140000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Millions of Miles, 12-month moving average
9. Percentage points, 4-quarter moving average
US Contribution of Government Spending
to GDP Growth
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
10. Percent of total employment
US Government Employment as % of Total
15
16
17
18
19
20
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
29. SA Becoming Investment Grade After 1994
In 1994 SA had to overcome a number of important constraints before
attaining an investment grade rating:
➜ High degree of political uncertainty
➜ Rapid increase in government debt
➜ Extremely low level of foreign exchange reserves
➜ Double digit inflation
30. SA Government Gross Loan Debt as % of GDP
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
%