1. Diplomatic Security &Vehicle-Borne Terrorism Gerald T. McKenna

2. Beirut 386

3. Oklahoma City 168

4. Kenya 224

5. New York 3000*

7. terrorism - the premeditated use, or threat of use, of extranormal violence to obtain a political objective through intimidation or fear directed at a large audience

8. vbied - Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Device; any that use a vehicle as the package for the explosive device.

9. diplomatic facility - U.S. personnel and property falling under Chief of Mission Control to include all Consulates and Embassies overseas.

10. Research Questions

11. Howhave specific policy implementations affected terrorism and targeted states? Intervention Analysis

12. Whyhave these actors reacted in this way? Theoretical Analysis

13. Key Literature

16. Preempt Status Quo Deter 2,2 -2,4 -6,6 P SQ D 4,-2 0,0 -4,2 2,-4 6,-6 Nash -2,-2

17. Theoretical Model

18. Stand-off distances FAIL

19. Delta-barriers

20. “Man-traps”

21. Data & Method

22. ITERATE International Terrorism: Attributes of Terrorist Events DoS Political Violence Against Americans/Patterns of Global Terrorism MIPT National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism

23. 1983-2008 VBIED attacks on Dip. Facilities Standoff 1985 Delta 1999 Mantrap 2004

24. Expected Findings Standoff Distances Lethality Delta Barriers Prevalence Mantraps Prevalence

25. Lethality and Prevalence of all other Modes and to Softer targets All Three Interventions

26. a a a

27. Questions?