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1
Murray Springs, southern AZ
2
BLACK MAT
Human Hair
3
4
Sesame Seed
High-Pressure Shocked Quartz
5
7
More than 1000 diamonds
Nanodiamond
COVID
Virus
8
Cilial cell
$14 million Microscope to see it
Risk:
9
Make a NANODIAMOND RING?
AND him
Keep the Microscope, and
get rid of the Ring
Diamonds were dusted across N America
If “glued” together…
Diameter :
1000’ (300 m)
Manhattan
10
11
12
13
Black Mat on Three Continents
Lindenmeier site, Colorado 14
Black Mat on Three Continents
Lindenmeier site, Colorado 15
Black Mat on Three Continents
Blackwater Draw Clovis site, New Mexico 16
Black Mat on Three Continents
Blackwater Draw Clovis site, New Mexico 17
Black Mat on Three Continents
Sheriden Cave, Ohio 18
Black Mat on Three Continents
Sheriden Cave, Ohio 19
Black Mat on Three Continents
Topper Clovis quarry, S Carolina 20
Black Mat on Three Continents
Topper Clovis quarry, S Carolina 21
Black Mat on Three Continents
Ojo de Agua site, Mexico 22
Black Mat on Three Continents
Ojo de Agua site, Mexico 23
Black Mat on Three Continents
Pilauco site, Chile, S America 24
Black Mat on Three Continents
Pilauco site, Chile, S America 25
Black Mat on Three Continents
Lommel site, Belgium 26
Black Mat on Three Continents
Lommel site, Belgium 27
 SIMULTANEOUS: all went extinct abruptly ~12,800 years ago.
 WIDESPREAD: 35 groups in North America, Asia, and Europe
Extinctions in N. America
12,800
years
ago
 UNUSUAL: extinct species had lasted for millions of years
28
Lethal Technology
Fluted points on replaceable foreshafts
Clovis “repeating rifle”
29
Did Clovis people do it?
Unlikely Clovis people killed millions of animals
Murray Springs, Arizona
Eloise the Mammoth
 Mammoth
killed by Clovis
 Clovis points
stuck into Bones
30
Murray Springs, Arizona
31
Tusks
Eloise the Mammoth
 Spherules, Iridium,
and Platinum on
top of the Bones
 Eloise stained by
Black mat
 Black mat mixed
with Impact
Material
Clovis Spear among Mammoth Bones
32
Clovis Spear among Mammoth Bones
33
Murray Springs, Arizona
Clovis people gone.
Mammoths gone.
Within a few hours
to weeks at most
12,800 years ago
34
Black mat covers
Footprints
35
Clovis Points
indicate lots of
Clovis people
across the
continent
at 12,800
years ago
Animals went Extinct.
What about People?
Decline in # of post-Clovis projectile points after 12.8 ka
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
Virginia
200
9”
YDB
36
Decline in # of post-Clovis projectile points after 12.8 ka
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
Tennessee
Virginia
250
200
9”
YDB
37
Decline in # of post-Clovis projectile points after 12.8 ka
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
S. Carolina
Tennessee
Virginia
450
250
200
9”
YDB
38
Decline in # of post-Clovis projectile points after 12.8 ka
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
Tennessee
S. Carolina
Tennessee
Virginia
800
450
250
200
9”
YDB
39
Decline in # of post-Clovis projectile points after 12.8 ka
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
Kentucky
Tennessee
S. Carolina
Tennessee
Virginia
850
800
450
250
200
9”
0 points
YDB
Above
Black
Mat,
Clovis
Points
vanish
from
all
sites
40
FEWER POINTS mean FEWER PEOPLE
Quarries were like Home Depot. A place to get tools
2450 points
Abandonment of Topper, SC Quarry
 Many Spherules atop Clovis points and debitage
 No spherules below Clovis points and debitage
 Snapshot: impact right after chert was dropped
 Quarry abandoned for ~500 years or more
12,800 years ago,
At the time of the impact
More than half the people
in the
Northern Hemisphere
Vanished! Imagine that.
So,
Where
Did the
Clovis
People
Go?
43
Any Evidence?
Wish
you
were
here!
44
Comet Shoemaker-Levy
 99%+ of comets break into fragments
 Hit planets (Shoemaker-Levy, 1994)
 Could one have hit Earth?
So, What Happened?
 We think a huge Comet Swarm hit the Earth
 Fragmented comets are very common
 50 in last 150 years = every 3 years
46
12,800 years ago in
Abu Hureyra, Syria
47
National Geographic Animation
(in more ways than one)

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Younger Dryas Impact V.1

Editor's Notes

  1. Thank you for inviting me here today --What the sky may have been like 12,900 years ago. -- artist’s rendering added to photo from space When Marilee first invited me I wondered if some of you might think what’s he doing at a microscope conference shouldn’t he be at a telescope conference all that left of impact small – need microscope without SEM and TEM not know exists --More than 30 collaborators --18 Universities --quintessential collaboration across disciplines --needed everyone ==================================================== --mention 3 from NAU plus Marilee
  2. At the Topper Site, sample a layer just above the debitage, taken as a YDB chrono-strat indicator. Above the debitage layer, dated to 12.9 Ka BP, debitage is absent for depth equivalent to a multi-century hiatus Debitage formed the depth limit for YDB associated soil samples Debitage removed from excavated pedestals to create debitage shadowed sample for comparison.