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Younger Dryas Impact V.1
- 1. 1
- 2. Murray Springs, southern AZ 2 BLACK MAT
- 3. Human Hair 3
- 4. 4
- 5. Sesame Seed High-Pressure Shocked Quartz 5
- 7. 7 More than 1000 diamonds
- 9. $14 million Microscope to see it Risk: 9 Make a NANODIAMOND RING? AND him Keep the Microscope, and get rid of the Ring
- 10. Diamonds were dusted across N America If “glued” together… Diameter : 1000’ (300 m) Manhattan 10
- 11. 11
- 12. 12
- 13. 13
- 14. Black Mat on Three Continents Lindenmeier site, Colorado 14
- 15. Black Mat on Three Continents Lindenmeier site, Colorado 15
- 16. Black Mat on Three Continents Blackwater Draw Clovis site, New Mexico 16
- 17. Black Mat on Three Continents Blackwater Draw Clovis site, New Mexico 17
- 18. Black Mat on Three Continents Sheriden Cave, Ohio 18
- 19. Black Mat on Three Continents Sheriden Cave, Ohio 19
- 20. Black Mat on Three Continents Topper Clovis quarry, S Carolina 20
- 21. Black Mat on Three Continents Topper Clovis quarry, S Carolina 21
- 22. Black Mat on Three Continents Ojo de Agua site, Mexico 22
- 23. Black Mat on Three Continents Ojo de Agua site, Mexico 23
- 24. Black Mat on Three Continents Pilauco site, Chile, S America 24
- 25. Black Mat on Three Continents Pilauco site, Chile, S America 25
- 26. Black Mat on Three Continents Lommel site, Belgium 26
- 27. Black Mat on Three Continents Lommel site, Belgium 27
- 28. SIMULTANEOUS: all went extinct abruptly ~12,800 years ago. WIDESPREAD: 35 groups in North America, Asia, and Europe Extinctions in N. America 12,800 years ago UNUSUAL: extinct species had lasted for millions of years 28
- 29. Lethal Technology Fluted points on replaceable foreshafts Clovis “repeating rifle” 29 Did Clovis people do it? Unlikely Clovis people killed millions of animals
- 30. Murray Springs, Arizona Eloise the Mammoth Mammoth killed by Clovis Clovis points stuck into Bones 30
- 31. Murray Springs, Arizona 31 Tusks Eloise the Mammoth Spherules, Iridium, and Platinum on top of the Bones Eloise stained by Black mat Black mat mixed with Impact Material
- 32. Clovis Spear among Mammoth Bones 32
- 33. Clovis Spear among Mammoth Bones 33
- 34. Murray Springs, Arizona Clovis people gone. Mammoths gone. Within a few hours to weeks at most 12,800 years ago 34 Black mat covers Footprints
- 35. 35 Clovis Points indicate lots of Clovis people across the continent at 12,800 years ago Animals went Extinct. What about People?
- 36. Decline in # of post-Clovis projectile points after 12.8 ka 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 Virginia 200 9” YDB 36
- 37. Decline in # of post-Clovis projectile points after 12.8 ka 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 Tennessee Virginia 250 200 9” YDB 37
- 38. Decline in # of post-Clovis projectile points after 12.8 ka 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 S. Carolina Tennessee Virginia 450 250 200 9” YDB 38
- 39. Decline in # of post-Clovis projectile points after 12.8 ka 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 Tennessee S. Carolina Tennessee Virginia 800 450 250 200 9” YDB 39
- 40. Decline in # of post-Clovis projectile points after 12.8 ka 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 Kentucky Tennessee S. Carolina Tennessee Virginia 850 800 450 250 200 9” 0 points YDB Above Black Mat, Clovis Points vanish from all sites 40 FEWER POINTS mean FEWER PEOPLE Quarries were like Home Depot. A place to get tools 2450 points
- 41. Abandonment of Topper, SC Quarry Many Spherules atop Clovis points and debitage No spherules below Clovis points and debitage Snapshot: impact right after chert was dropped Quarry abandoned for ~500 years or more
- 42. 12,800 years ago, At the time of the impact More than half the people in the Northern Hemisphere Vanished! Imagine that.
- 45. Comet Shoemaker-Levy 99%+ of comets break into fragments Hit planets (Shoemaker-Levy, 1994) Could one have hit Earth? So, What Happened?
- 46. We think a huge Comet Swarm hit the Earth Fragmented comets are very common 50 in last 150 years = every 3 years 46
- 47. 12,800 years ago in Abu Hureyra, Syria 47
- 49. (in more ways than one)
Editor's Notes
- Thank you for inviting me here today --What the sky may have been like 12,900 years ago. -- artist’s rendering added to photo from space When Marilee first invited me I wondered if some of you might think what’s he doing at a microscope conference shouldn’t he be at a telescope conference all that left of impact small – need microscope without SEM and TEM not know exists --More than 30 collaborators --18 Universities --quintessential collaboration across disciplines --needed everyone ==================================================== --mention 3 from NAU plus Marilee
- At the Topper Site, sample a layer just above the debitage, taken as a YDB chrono-strat indicator. Above the debitage layer, dated to 12.9 Ka BP, debitage is absent for depth equivalent to a multi-century hiatus Debitage formed the depth limit for YDB associated soil samples Debitage removed from excavated pedestals to create debitage shadowed sample for comparison.