MA thesis presentation power point.

1. WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES
ASSESSMENT ON STREAM CHOICE AND ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF FEMALE STUDENTS IN SECONDARY
AND PREPARATORY SCHOOL OF GAMO GOFA ZONE
BY:
GELANEH DEGIFIE
MAJOR ADVISOR:
ABRAHAM ASARO (PhD)
FEBRUARY 2017
WOLAITA SODO, ETHIOPIA

2. Introduction
 This paper consists of: -
 Background of the study;
 Statement of the problem;
 Objectives of the Study;
 Significance of the study;
 Delimitation of the study;
 Review of related literature;
 Operational Definitions;
 Organization of the study;
 Limitations of the study;
 Research design and methodology and its sub topics.

3. Cont.….
1.1. Background of the study
 Education is very important and a key for: -
 Human resource development
 Countries development
 Worlds development at a whole
• Regarding to this, All countries of the world and especially the sub-Sahara countries of African
have come to realize the importance of education for national development and human resource
development .
• With this regard, today the education of girls education is widely recognized as the most effective
development investment in ones country.
 Therefore, educating females have particular significances to: -
 Economic and Social development,
 Countries development as a general.

4. Cont …
 However, it is common across in almost all countries that not only, the participation of girls in
secondary level is low in terms of number compared to boy but also the type of courses offered or
opted for by than are traditionally accepted feminine courses.
 It is believed that gender in balance in different field of study is a result of combination of factors
such as: -
 cultural factors,
 school factors,
 home factors
 etc.…

5. Cont ….
 Due to this factors gender inequalities in natural science and technical fields, the image
of subjects as male domains in school environment affects females field of study choice.
 For instance female perception of mathematics and science as a male domain and
reluctant to study these fields.
 Therefore, female students are highly concentrated in the steam of social science rather
than natural science in secondary and preparatory schools of Gamo Gofa zone.
1.2. Statement of the Problem
• In most secondary education level of Ethiopia, especially rural areas female students’
academic choice is limited to specific areas. It is true that girls tend to enroll in education
and art subjects and to be under represented in science subjects and mathematics where
boys and men dominate (Odaga and Heneveld, 1995).
• This condition in the future will lead to more gender imbalance in the labor force and
brings negative impact on the national capacity building in various sectors.
• Thus it calls for improvement on the females stream choice and their academic
achievement in secondary and preparatory school of G/G/Zone.

6. Cont ……
 And it requires clear understanding of the factors that can affect female students academic achievement
and their stream choice. Such as: -
 Home factors,
 School factors,
 Cultural factors which influences and discourage them.
 Hence, this study will be a practical step to examine/or assess the current trend of secondary and
preparatory school: -
 Girl students’ educational performance and participation with the emphasis of stream choice;
 To identify the in and out of school factors which affect girls’ educational achievement and stream choice
and;
 Finally to indicate the possible solutions which may help in alleviating the problem in secondary and
preparatory school of Gamo Gofa Zone.
 Accordingly, the following research questions will be formulated to answer in the course of this
study.

7. Cont …
1. What is the attitude of female students towards their fields of studies?
2. Which streams or areas of studies do female students often prefer to join and why?
3. What is the status of female students’ performance in some selected secondary and preparatory
school of Gamo Gofa Zone?
4. What are the factors that affect streaming of students in secondary and preparatory schools?
1.3. Objectives of the Study
1.3.1. General Objective
• The general objective of this study is to assess the current trend of female students’ stream choice in
to different fields of studies and their academic performance in some selected government
secondary and preparatory school of Gamo Gofa Zone.
1.3.2. Specific Objectives
Specific objectives of the study will include:
1. Identifying how secondary and preparatory school female students choose their fields of study.
2. Indicating or revealing female students academic achievement.
3. Showing whether female students got awareness about the given courses and decide their choice by
themselves.
4. Identifying the factors that will affect stream choice of female students in secondary and preparatory
schools

8. 1.4. Significance of the Study
• After the accomplishment of the study, there will have somany
significances to the areas of study and others. Some of significances will
be: -
• To design the strategies that might help in increasing the balancing
participation and achievement of girls’ in different fields of study;
• To review and enhance female education for the economic, social and
cultural development;
• To give awareness of the reality of schools and the problems of female
students and make effort to alleviate the problems and;
• Finally, it will be used as a starting point for further research in the area.

9. 2. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
2.1. Research Design
• In order to investigate the stream choice and academic achievement of female students, descriptive
survey study design will be used. This is because it enabled the researcher to collect and describe
large variety of data related to the stream choice and academic achievement of female students.
3.2. Research method
 As you heard, The study will aim at identifying the factors that influences the stream choice of
female students and their academic achievement in secondary schools of Gamo Gofa Zone.
 To attain this, mixed research method (quantitative and qualitative research methods) will be used
by combining the two methods to analyses the data. McMillan and Schumacher (2010:401)
identified this as a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. The primary emphasis was on the
quantitative paradigm (this is because there are more research questions dealing with quantitative
data), with a secondary emphasis on the qualitative paradigm to investigate the stream choice and
academic achievement of female students in secondary and preparatory schools of Gamo Gofa
Zone.

10. Cont …….
2.3. Sources of Data
• In order to investigate the stream choice and academic achievement of female students both primary
and secondary source of data will be used.
2.3.1. Primary Source of Data
• Secondary and Preparatory schools female students, teachers, principals and counselors will be chosen
as primary sources of data by expecting that, they have better exposure, experience and firsthand
information regarding the issue under the study.
2.3.2. Secondary Source of Data
• In the secondary sources of data, since the information gathered from direct primary sources of data
alone will not be enough for the study, and it is available in this study to use different types of
documents like, (EGSECE and EUEE analysis of students at zonal level), reading materials, books,
and an internet web sites will help the researcher so as to support the information obtained in primary
sources related with the topic of the study.

11. 2.4. Population, Sample and Sampling Techniques
2.4.1. Population
• there are: -
 75 secondary and preparatory schools in the Gamo Gofa Zone, and
 The total number of 20567 students in grade 10th and 12th in the secondary and
preparatory schools of the Zone, of these, total population of students 10900 are
males and 9667 are female students in the Zone.
2.4.1.1. Target Population of the Study
• Of the total population of the study the primary focus will be on six secondary
and preparatory schools female students on selected four woredas.
• Therefore, the target population 2080 secondary and preparatory school of
female students’, 461 will be select from those woredas of secondary and
preparatory schools.

12. Cont ….
2.4.2. Sample
• As the primary focus, this study will be to identify the stream choice and
academic achievement of female students. From the total population
416 female students, 12 teachers, 6 school principals and 4 counselors
will be selected from six secondary and preparatory schools and from
four woredas (such as: - Dita woreda: Zada secondary and preparatory
school; Chencha woreda: Chencha secondary and preparatory school,
and Ezo secondary and preparatory school; daramallo woreda: Wacha
secondary and preparatory school and Arbaminch Kifle Ketema:
Arbaminch mulu secondary and preparatory school and Chamo
secondary and preparatory school).

13. Cont ….
2.4.3. Sampling Techniques
• As mentioned above, that there are 75 secondary and preparatory schools and of these 31 schools
are containing both secondary and preparatory schools in the Zone. But, to obtain similar result, the
researcher will use only six secondary and preparatory schools from four woredas by using
purposive sampling techniques because the researcher will expect that these selected woredas have
an organized documents and materials which can support the study. After selecting six secondary
and preparatory schools, sample teachers will be selected.
• The total numbers of female students in the sample schools will be (2080). To determine the sample
size of female students, simple random sampling technique, the formula of Paler-Colmorin will be
used. Thus, out of (2080) 416 will be used as a sample in the study. To give equal distribution of
female students between schools proportional allocation to size of female students in each school
will be done.
• To represent equal proportion of sample students in each secondary preparatory schools William
(1977) formula will be utilized.

14. Cont ….
Hence, it will be done by dividing the targeted sample students (416) with the total number of female
students in the sample secondary and preparatory schools (2080) and multiplied by total number of
students in each school. Mathematically; Ps =
𝑛
𝑁
X (no of female students in each school)
Where, Ps = Proportional allocation to size,
n = Total students sample size (416),
N = Total number of female students in six selected sample school (2080).
After this, the researcher will employed simple random sampling technique; this is based on the
assumption that it gives equal chances for the respondents to participate in the research, therefore,
especially lottery method will be employed, to select the representative female students in each school.
Therefore, secondary and preparatory schools teachers, principals and counselors of the study will also
selected through purposive sampling technique due to all the participants are few in number and easily
manageable by the researchers. Moreover, the respondents are available in the study to get relevant and
real information regarding to the issue under the study. Accordingly, 416 female students 12 teachers 6
principals and 4 counselors will be used as a sample in this study. For detail information on the list of
respondents included in the study see Table 1.

15. Cont ….
Table1. - The summary of the population, sample size and sampling technique
No Region Zone Woreda Schools Respondents Population Sample Percent sampling technique
1
SNNP
GAMO
GOFA
Chencha
Chencha 9-12 Students 410 82 20%
All Teachers,
principals and
counselors are
selected by
availability
sampling techniques
while female
students are selected
using simple
random sampling
techniques
particularly using
Lottery Method
Teachers 99 2 2%
Principals 3 1 33%
counselors 1 1 100%
Ezo 9-12 Students 260 52 20%
Teachers 53 2 4%
Principals 2 1 50%
counselors 1 - 0%
Dita
Zada
9-
12
Students 370 74 20%
Teachers 57 2 4%
Principals 3 1 33%
counselors 1 1 100%
Daramal
o
Wacha
9-
12
Students 350 70 20%
Teachers 62 2 3%
Principals 3 1 33%
counselors 1 1 100%
Arbaminch
k/ketema
Arbamin
ch
mulu
9-12
Students 430 86 20%
Teachers 107 2 2%
Principals 4 1 25%
counselors 1 1 100%
Chamo
9-12
Students 260 52 20%
Teachers 83 2 2%
Principals 3 1 33%
counselors 1 - 0%
Total Students 2080 416 20%
Teachers 461 12 3%
Principals 18 6 33%
counselors 6 4 67%

16. 2.5. Instruments and Procedures of Data Collection
2.5.1. Instruments of Data Collection
• In order to acquire the necessary information from participants, three types of data
collecting instruments will be used. These are;
 Questionnaire
 Interview
 Document Analysis

17. Cont.….
2.5.2. Procedure of Data Collection
• Before dispatching the questionnaire, two assistant data collectors will be selected to
gather data from the sample schools. The assistants will be selected because of their
conversant of the location and their English languages. Their languages and familiarity
of the research areas thought to facilitate the data collection process. Then, the
questionnaire will be dispatched and collected through these assigned data collectors. To
make the data collection procedure smart and cleared from confusions, the data
collectors will be properly oriented about the data collection procedures by the
researcher. In addition to this, nearby follow up will keep by the researcher.
Furthermore, the researcher has provided orientation for all respondents concerning the
objective of the study and how the items will be answered. Then, questionnaires will be
dispatched to sample female students. In addition, semi-structured interview will be also
conducted from school Principals and counselors by the researcher himself. The
researcher has initial contact with the interview to explain the objective of the study.
While conducting the interview, the researcher will use only notes.

18. Cont …..
2.6. Methods of Data Analysis
• Both quantitative and qualitative methods will be used to analyze the data collected through
questionnaire and interview. The numerical values will be used to analyze the quantitative
information in the form of table and percentage; while, the qualitative information or data will be
analyzed in the form of interview and word which to support the quantitative data’s.
2.6.1. Quantitative Data
• The data which has numerical value will be gathered through close-ended and open-ended
questionnaire. It will be organized and analyzed by using quantitative method. Thus, different
statistical method such as tables and percentages will be employed to analyze the stated data. At the
end summary, conclusions will be provided accordingly.
2.6.2. Qualitative data
• The data which will be obtained from semi structure interview will be organized and interpreted
qualitatively. Hence, a variety of narrative method will be used to analyze these (qualitative) data.

19. The End.
Feb 2017
Thank you