The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator, located at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. It was built between 1998-2008 by over 10,000 scientists from over 100 countries. The LHC accelerates beams of hadrons, like protons, to energies of 7 TeV per particle and collides them to study fundamental particles and forces. Its main goals are to discover the Higgs boson, investigate dark matter and extra dimensions, and recreate conditions shortly after the Big Bang. It has four main detecting cabins - ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and LHCb - that collect and analyze data from the high-energy collisions.

1. A seminar talk
on
LHC(Large Hadron Collider)
Presented by
GITA KRUSHNA SATAPATHY
Regd. no-160705120038

2. Plan of Talk
• History of LHC
• What are the main goals of the LHC?
• Construction
• Working
• Detecting cabins

3.  The large hadron collider (LHC) is
the world’s largest & most powerful
particle accelerator ever built
 It was built by the European
Organisation for nuclear
research(CERN) between 1998-2008
with over 10,000 scientists from
over 100 countries
History of LHC?
 It is situated in Geneva, Switzerland
 It’s first research took place from March 2010
CERN

4. What does LHC stand for?
 LHC stands for Large Hadron Collider. Large due to its size
(approximately 27 km in circumference)
 Hadron because it accelerates protons or ions, which are
hadrons
 Collider because these particles form two beams travelling in
opposite directions, which collide at four points where the two
rings of the machine intersect.
LHC(Large Hadron Collider)

5. What are the main goals of the LHC?
Energy and mass transformation
Einstein’s famous equation E= 𝑚𝑐2
• At the LHC this transformation happens at each Collision.
• High energy is equivalent to large mass. With high
energies we are able to produce very heavy particles.
 To know about the Big Bang
• The Universe, born from the Big Bang,
went through a stage during which
matter existed as a sort of extremely
hot-called quark-gluon plasma (QGP)
• The LHC is able to reproduce the QGP by accelerating and
colliding together two beams of heavy ions

6.  Existence of the Higgs-Boson
 Existence of the Higher dimensions
 Existence of the Dark matter
 Investigate the mystery of antimatter.
 The occurrence of a black hole during the Big
Bang
 Explain why gravity is weaker than the other
forces

7. CONSTRUCTION
Circumference (26 659m)~27km
Operating
temperature
1.9 K (-271.3ºC)
No. of magnets 9593
No. of main dipoles
magnet
1232
No. of main
quadruples magnet
392
No. of proton
packets
2808
No. of protons per
packets
1.2 x 10^11
Depth (50-175)m

8. WORKING
Accelerator complex at CERN consists of 5 parts
Linac
Booster
PS(Proton Synchrotron)
SPS(Super Proton Synchrotron)
LHC

9. Linac
 Linac is 30m in length
 Here Protons are travel
with 31.4% to the speed of
light
 Here energy of the proton
has reached up to 50 MeV

10. Booster
The booster is circular &
157m in circumference
It accelerates the proton up
to 91.6% up to the speed of
light
The energy of the proton
reaches up to 1.4Gev

11. PS(Proton Synchrotron)
The PS is 628m in
circumference
It accelerates the proton up
to 99.9% up to the speed of
light in only 1.2s
The energy of the proton
reaches up to 25Gev

12. SPS(Super Proton Synchrotron)
The SPS is 7km in circumference
It accelerates the proton up to 99.9% up to the
speed of light
The energy of the proton reaches up to 450Gev

13. LHC(LARGE HADRON COLLIDER)
 LHC is 27km in circumference & consists of 2 vacuum pipes
 The 2 proton packets (one is rotating with clockwise & another is
in anti-clockwise direction)
 For 2 hours SPS injects proton & finally 2808 packets are there
 The proton packets circulate 11000 times/sec in LHC
 The energy of the proton reaches up to 7Tev

14. 4 detecting cabins around circumference that
will collect and analyze data
 ATLAS
 CMS
 ALICE
 LHCb
Detecting cabins

15. ATLAS(A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS )
 46m long, 25m high, 25m wide
 Core: Inner tracker detects and analyzes
momentum of particles
 Outside: Calorimeters analyze energy by
absorbing particles
 Outside calorimeter: Muon Spectrometer;
detects the momentum of muons

16. CMS(Compact Muon Solenoid )
 21 m long, 15m high and 15 m wide
 Inside a large solenoid with magnetic field 100 000 times that of
earth
 It is same like ATLAS

17. ALICE(A Large Ion Collider Experiment )
 Collides iron ions to study conditions right after big bang
 Expect to see ions break apart into quarks and gluons
 Time Projection Chamber (TPC) exams and reconstructs particle
trajectories
 Also has muon spectrometer

18. LHCb(Large Hadron Collider beauty )
• 21m long, 10m high and 13m
wide
• Searches for beauty quarks as
evidence of antimatter
• Detector move easily in to the
collision point to catch unstable,
short-lived beauty quarks