GEORG Geothermal Workshop 2016 Presentation Title: Volcano-tectonostratigraphic characteristics of the Jan Mayen microcontinent and Iceland shelf area, lessons learned for geothermal exploration

1. Anett Blischke1, Ögmundur Erlendsson1, Carmen Gaina2 & Árni Hjartarsson1
1 Iceland GeoSurvey & 2 Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo
Volcano-tectonostratigraphic characteristics of the Jan Mayen
microcontinent and Iceland shelf area, lessons learned for
geothermal exploration
ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke

2. JMMC PhD Study Goals
(1) Establish a detailed tectonic and stratigraphic framework for the JMMC:
a. Assess the pre-breakup section and the JMMC relation to the surrounding areas, in particular
the East Greenland and Norway margins.
b. Investigate the stratigraphic and igneous record during first breakup.
c. Map and investigate the stratigraphic and igneous record during mid-oceanic ridge transfer.
(2) Develop a detailed kinematic model of JMMC from pre-breakup time to the present day, in
particular with respect to the second breakup phase and the forming of a microcontinent.
ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke
Upstream
Nature of the resource
• Geology of geothermal systems and volcanoes, structural and tectonic mapping, integration of geology, geochemistry and geophysics.
• Geophysical exploration and monitoring methods, including resistivity, seismics, deformation, potential fields and other methods.

3. Project area database & structural elements
ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke
Bathymetry (Jakobsson et al, 2012)
Refraction and reflection seismic lines and boreholes,
seabed sampling sites
(NEA: National Energy Authority, Iceland; NPD:
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate; Spectrum ASA; TGS;
SFS seafloor samples; VBPR: Volcanic Basin Petroleum
Research AS).
Blischke et al. 2016 (GSL SP447)

4. Refraction seismic / velocity data tie into the pre-Cenozoic section of the JMMC
ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke
Hopper et al. (2014)
Blischke et al. 2016
(GSL SP447)

5. Borehole control – stratigraphic chart
ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke
Iceland onshore records
time span
Smith & Sandwell (1997)
Blischke et al. 2016 (GSL SP447)

6. Best analogue section for comparison with onshore East Greenland
ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke
Blischke et al. 2016 (GSL SP447)

7. Regional reconstruction at breakup time
ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke
Blischke et al. 2016
(GSL SP447)

8. Volcano-stratigraphic characteristics
North-eastern flank of the Jan Mayen Ridge area
ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke
(A) Paleocene Volcanics (Plateau
basalts ? & SDR´s)
(B) - (D) Igneous complexes / Sill intrusive
on the main ridge during the
Eocene to Early-Mid Oligocene
A
EW
Approx. location of regional fault-fracture zone
B C
D
Data by courtesy of
TWT(ms)
W
E
▬ UC Late Oligocene - Miocene
▬ UC Early-Mid Oligocene
▬ Early Oligocene
▬ UC Late Eocene
▬ UC Mid-Eocene
▬ UC Early Eocene (PB/SDRs)
▬ Top Basement poss.
Blischke et al. 2014, In: Hopper et al. 2014

9. Kinematic model – Re-orientation of the central Northeast Atlantic
ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke
C13n
33.1Ma
A
D
D
IP
D
D
F
G
III
II
I
D GIFRC
337
Igneous
activity
(40-30
Ma)
100 km
Blischke et al. 2016
(GSL SP447)

10. ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke
Complex igneous provinces – flank systems
Iceland Faroe Ridge - 2D Multi-Channel-Seismic Mapping
SDRs Syncline axisAnticline axis LDRs SDRs
Blischke et al. 2016 (EGU2016)
Ögmundur Erlendsson & Anett Blischke (2013)
modified after Karl Gunnarsson (2010)
1.
(poss. old basement,
e.g. Paleocene
plateau basalts) 1.
4. poss. latest
igneous center
2.
(First
spreading ?)
2.
3.
(main NAR)
Old weak- / fracture zone ???
SSW NNE
Faroe-Iceland RidgeNAR

11. Effects on the Iceland-Faroe Ridge - compression and large scale sill intrusive
Ægir Ridge
Graben
?
Blischke et al. 2016 (EGU2016)
2D MCS data source:
Talwani et al. (1978) at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Bryndís Brandsdóttir
(University of Iceland)
SSE NNW
33.1Ma
< 33.1 Ma ???
>40 km
A A´
A
A´
TWT(s)
2
3
4
1
ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke
Rifting and separation of
the western flank of the
JMMC from the Central
East Greenland main land
causing compression on
the older already
established ridge
formations to the East,
e.g. the Faroe-Iceland
Ridge.

12. Kinematic model – Second breakup
ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke
C6b
21.56Ma
A
D
D
D
III
II
I
D
ICELAND
SHELF
III
348
IP
H
D
100 km
Blischke et al. 2016
(GSL SP447)

13. Conclusions – Regional model tie-in to geothermal exploration
 Moving from a conceptual model to a model that is reconstructed with mapped features and sub-regions within a coordinate system.
Use regional settings for exploration strategy to constrain the area not just in a 3-dimensional space, but also in time:
- Regional settings are 4-dimensional x-y-z-time.
- Underlying deep structures governed the forming of the microcontinent and is directly linked to the structural igneous development of the Greenland-Iceland Faroe Ridge
Complex (GIFRC) and adjacent fracture zone systems.
- The kinematic dataset re-constructions indicated that in order to keep a time-space balance, the map has to be 3-dimensional.
 Considerations for high, mid- to low-range temperature areas:
- One exploration template doesn´t fit all - each area has it´s unique set of boundary conditions, which have to be mapped.
- Exploration in different micro-plate settings have their own tectonic history.
“Because fault-fracture zones do not show up on seismicity today doesn´t mean they are not there and have present day fluid pathways”.
 Tectonic and structural analysis should be a standard part of research and science for geothermal exploration and exploitation in Iceland.
• The mid-oceanic rift system of the Greenland-Iceland-Faroe Ridge Complex is very complex and a mixture of extensional, transform, and wrench fault tectonic
systems that have been re-activated in the past.
Previously published works e.g. Clifton, A. & Einarsson, P. (2000); Einarsson, P. (2008); Hjartardóttir, A.R. (2012); Khodayar, M. (2014); Proett, J.A. (2015);
Sigmundsson, F. et al. (2016); Karson, A.J. et al. 2016; Blischke, A. et al. (2016); Hjartarson, A. et al. (in review), and many others.
 Structural analysis should include on a regular basis for applied exploration data methods :
• Detailed geological and structural surface mapping (2-dimensional)
• High resolution seismic refraction and reflection data acquisition, where possible for deep velocity structure imaging in addition the seismicity studies (add
the 3rd dimension)
• Borehole sonic formation and ultrasonic structural logging (BHTV - Borehole Televiewer) (add the 3rd dimension)
• High-resolution age grid analysis for areal reconstructions by area, assigning structural elements to a possible timeframe (magnetic anomaly data, petro-
chemistry, age dating , etc. where possible)
ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke

14. Acknowledgements:
Project support by:
Orkustofnun
NAG-TEC Group.
Project data support by:
Data support by NPD, Spectrum AS,
TGS, GEUS & BGR.
PhD Project supervisor:
Bryndís Brandsdóttir, University of Iceland (HÍ)
Project collaborators:
Gwenn Peron-Pinvidic (NGU)
John R. Hopper (GEUS) & NAGTEC
Pierpaolo Guarnieri (GEUS)
Thomas Funck (GEUS)
Ögmundur Erlendsson (ÍSOR)
Jana Ólafsdottir (Jarðfengi)
PhD Project committee:
Bryndís Brandsdóttir (University of Iceland (HÍ))
Þórarinn S. Arnarson (National Energy Authority of Iceland (OS))
Martyn Stoker (BGS, Edinburgh)
Carmen Gaina (CEED, University of Oslo)
Ólafur G. Flóvenz (Iceland GeoSurvey)
ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke

15. Takk fyrir!
ORKUSTOFNUN
National Energy Authority
GGW2016 Workshop, Reykjavik – 24th-25th of November 2016 – Anett Blischke