GDSC Matana University

1. What is Website?
And how it works...
@Jose Ryu Leonesta
@Fullstack Developer

2. Internet
Internet Connected Network
The Internet is a vast network that connects computers
all over the world. Through the Internet, people can
share information and communicate from anywhere
with an Internet connection.

4. World Wide Web
As known as www
World Wide Web is not the internet, but it’s an application on the internet.
Created by Sir Tim in 1989 to bring document or web pages with using
internet connection

5. WWW Components
● Http
Protocol governs data transfer between a server and a
client
● URL
(Uniform Resource Locator) to access a Web component,
a client supplies a unique universal identifier
● HTML
is the most common format for publishing web
documents.

6. World Wide Web
How it works?
Adidas.com Community
Products
Related Sites
World Wide Web linking several pages within a website or redirecting us to
other website to expand information

7. is it worth it?
With internet, we are connected with each other. We
can share some data, chatting, and etc.
Benefit from the internet

9. How internet works?
Let’s find out

10. How Internet Connect?

11. Internet Service Provider
Internet service provider (ISP) refers to a company that
provides access to the internet to both personal and
business customers.
MyRepublic | Biznet | Indihome
ISP

12. Protocols
What is protocol?
Protocol is a set of rules that should be followed in
order to allow communicants understand each other.
Computer uses varieties of language, with protocol,
they understand each other regardless.

13. Internet Protocol
Why does it matter?
IP is set of rules to allow communication between
device over the internet.
Every devices that access internet are assigned with IP
Numbers by Internet Protocol to identify each devices.

14. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HTTP is the protocol that web browsers and web
servers use to communicate with each other over the
Internet. It is an application level protocol because it
sits on top of the TCP layer in the protocol stack and is
used by specific applications to talk to one another.
HTTP

15. For interaction
We will use browser to interact with internet. We can
find anything in browser, and browser will find it on
the internet
Browser

16. The Client and Server
Let’s find out

17. Browser
etc
Client
DNS Server
Google Server
216.61.137.0
(Domain Address)
google.com
216.61.137.0
(IP of Server)
Request (HTTP Request)
Response (HTTP Response)

18. Are they the same?
Client side and server side are web development terms
that describe where application code runs.
What are client side and
server side?

19. What it is?
Refers to everything in a web application that is
displayed or takes place on the client
Text, images, UI, or any actions that an application
performs within the user's browser.
Client side is simply the side that interacts with user.
Client

20. What it is?
Comes from the word serve. Therefore, server is a
computer that serves what client needs.
Interacting with databases, identity authentication,
and push notifications.
Server side is simply the side that processes the data that
user gave or request
Server

21. Server
Show page to user, and user
interact with the UI
Browser
Client Side
Http Request
Http Response
Process
Request
Process Response
Render Page, Etc
Server Side

22. What is Browser?
Browser is…

23. Is an application
Browser is an application program that provides a way
to look at and interact with all the information on the
World Wide Web. This includes Web pages, videos,
images and etc.
Browser

24. Is a translator
Browser convert a code
in the internet to
something that we can
understand
Browser

25. Uniform Resources Identifiers
A URL is nothing more than the address of a given
unique resource on the Web. In theory, each valid URL
points to a unique resource. Such resources can be an
HTML page, a CSS document, an image, etc.
URL

26. Are they the same?
Browser is an example of application software for
retrieving and viewing information from a web page
and has a search engine in it
Search engine is a web service that helps you find
other web pages, such as Google, Bing, Yahoo, or
DuckDuckGo.
Browser vs Search Engine

27. How Browser Works?
Let’s find out

28. Enters a URL
The first step
For example you search www.google.com

29. DNS Resolution
The second step
The browser contacts a DNS server to find that
google.com translates to 216.58.207.110, an IP address
the browser can connect to.

30. HTTP Exchange
The third step
Once the browser has identified which server is going
to serve our request, it will initiate a TCP connection
with it and begin the HTTP exchange.

31. Rendering
The last step
Last, but not least, the rendering process. How good
would a browser be if the only thing it would show to
the user is a list of funny characters?

32. Rendering
The last step
We all know that we
only want to see this
right?

33. Server
Show page to user, and user
interact with the UI
Browser
www.google.com
Http Request
Http Response
Process
Request
Process Response
Render Page, Do
Logics, etc

34. Top browsers in the world
Browsers

35. Domain Name Server

36. Domain Name
Domain name is a unique name for website as an
identity from an IP Address. Domain name can be
likened to our home address, while the IP Address can
be likened as the coordinates of our home.
Definition

37. Domain Name
Domain names are created to make it easier for us to
remember the IP Address of the website. Example: IP
Address of google.com is 192.168.1.1
The minimum characters for domain name is one
character and the maximum is 63 characters.
Definition

39. Domain Name
Register for Domain Name
Domain names are all managed by domain registries,
which delegate the reservation of domain names to
registrars. Anyone who wants to create a website can
register a domain name with a registrar

40. Domain Name
Register for Domain Name
A domain name registrar is a business that handles the
reservation of domain names as well as the
assignment of IP addresses for those domain names

41. Domain Name
The Relation Between Domain Name and URL
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) or sometimes called
as Web Address, is a string that provides the
information location or complete internet address of a
webpage.
Domain names is a part of URL (Uniform Resource
Locator).

43. Part of URL
A. Protocol
Protocol the server and web page use to
transfer data to your computer. There are two
protocols for web page. HTTP and HTTPS. HTTP
stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol and is the
basic, unencrypted way of transferring data over the
internet. HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer
Protocol Secure and is a more secure, encrypted
protocol for transferring data.
Domain Name

44. Part of URL
B. Sub Domain
A subdomain is a subdivision of the main domain
name. Example: www.google.com
C. Second Level Domain
Second-Level Domain is a registered domain name. It
can be business name and the other. Example:
www.google.com
Domain Name

45. Part of URL
D. Top-Level Domain
Top-Level Domain is an extension after SLD to describe
the type of the organization. Example:
www.google.com
There are two types of for Top-Level Domain
- Generic Top-Level Domain (gTLD)
- Country Code Top-Level Domain (ccTLD)
Domain Name

46. Part of URL
- Generic Top-Level Domain (gTLD)
Generic Top-Level Domain is the usually used TLD.
Example:
● .com
● .org
● .net
● .info
Domain Name

47. Part of URL
- Country Code Top-Level Domain (ccTLD)
ccTLD is two characters TLD used to indicate location
(country). Example:
Domain Name
● .id (Indonesia)
● .uk (United Kingdom)
● .kr (Korea)
● .cn (China)
● .jp (Jepang)
● .au (Australia)
● .de (Jerman)

48. Definition
DNS or the so-called Domain Name System
is a system that connects a URL with an IP
Address.
When user accesses a website with a domain
name, DNS translates the domain name into
an IP address so that it can be read by
machines
Domain Name System

49. Definition
Like, DNS acts as translator between someone who
speaks Indonesian and someone who speaks English.
Domain Name System

50. The Purpose
There are three purpose of DNS:
a. Ask URL information of a website based on the IP
address.
b. Ask IP address information of a website based on
the domain name.
c. Looking for the right server to send email
Domain Name System

51. How does DNS Work
a. DNS Query
DNS query ask for IP Address Information. This steps start
from when we input the URL into address bar. After we
input the URL, DNS server will search for the information
in filehost. If the URL is not found, server will search the
information in cache.
We can think DNS Query as customer ask for a book title.
Domain Name System

52. How does DNS Work
b. DNS Recursor/ DNS Recursive Resolver
DNS Recursor is a server designed to receive queries from
client machines through web browsers.
If the URL is not found in cache memory, it will send the
URL to DNS Resolver, then the resolver will search the URL
query in the resolver cache.
We can think DNS Recursor as a librarian that is asked by
the customer to find the book.
Domain Name System

53. How does DNS Work
c. Root Name Server
Root name server is the first step in translating human
readable host names (URL) into IP addresses.
It can be thought of index in a library that points to
different racks of books
Domain Name System

54. How does DNS Work
d. TLD Name Server
TLD Name Server is the next step in the search for a
specific IP address, and it hosts the last portion of a
hostname.
TLD can be thought of as a specific rack of books in a
library
Domain Name System

55. How does DNS Work
e. Authoritative Name Server
If the authoritative name server has access to the
requested record, it will return the IP address for the
requested hostname back to the DNS Recursor that made
the initial request.
This can be thought of as a dictionary on a rack of books,
in which a specific name can be translated into its
definition.
Domain Name System

57. HTTP and Hosting

58. What is HTTP?
Definition
HTTP is a request-response protocol used to access
the data on the WWW.
HTTP is an application layer protocol in OSI Layer that
allow users to interact with web resources, such as
HTML file by sending hypertext messages between the
client and the server

59. HTTP Request
• HTTP Request is communications between client and server to ask for the
information needed to load a website
• An HTTP Request usually contains :
a. HTTP version type
b. A URL
c. An HTTP method
d. HTTP Request Headers
e. Optional HTTP Body
Definition

60. HTTP Request
• All HTTP servers use the GET and HEAD methods, but not all support the
rest of these methods:
HTTP Method
a. GET
b. HEAD
c. POST
d. PUT
f. DELETE
g. TRACE
h. OPTIONS
i. CONNECT
a. PATCH

61. HTTP Request
• HTTP request headers contain text information that communicate core
information and used to pass more information about the request, such
as what browser the client is using what data is being requested.
HTTP Request Header

62. HTTP Request
• Optional part of HTTP request that send additional data to the server
• The body of an HTTP request contains any information being submitted to
the web server, such as a username and password, or any other data
entered into a form.
HTTP Request Body

63. • An HTTP response communicate valuable information based on what was
asked for in the HTTP request.
• An HTTP response usually contains:
a. HTTP Status Code
b. HTTP Response Headers
c. Optional HTTP Body
HTTP Response
Definition

64. HTTP status codes are 3-digit codes used to indicate whether an HTTP
request has been successfully completed.
The first digit of the status code defines the class of response, while the last
two digits do not have any classifying or categorization role.
HTTP Response
HTTP Status Code

65. Status codes are broken into the following 5 blocks:
a. 1xx Informational => 102 : Processing
b. 2xx Success => 200 : OK
c. 3xx Redirection => 301 : Moved Permanently
d. 4xx Client Error => 404 : Not Found
e. 5xx Server Error => 502 : Bad Gateway
HTTP Response
HTTP Status Code

66. HTTP response headers contain important information such as language
and format data in the response body
HTTP Response
HTTP Response Header

67. Successful HTTP responses to ‘GET’ requests generally have a body which
contains the requested information. In most web requests, this HTML data
will translate into a web page.
HTTP Response
HTTP Response Body

68. GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
Accept: text/html
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1, utf-8
Connection: keep-alive
HTTP Request
Request Line
Request Header
Blank line separates header & body
Request messages body
Request
Messages
Header

69. HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sun, 08 Feb xxxx 01:11:12 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.29 (Win32)
Last-Modified: Sat, 07 Feb xxxx
ETag: “0-23-4024c3a5”
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 35
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html
<h1>My Home Page</h1>
HTTP Response
Status Line
Response Header
Blank line separates header & body
Response messages body
Response
Messages
Header

70. Definition
Hosting is a service that allows organizations and
individuals to post a website or web page onto the
Internet.
What is Hosting?

71. Website
Owner
Hosting
Server
World
Wide
Web
Website
Visitor

72. Types
• Most popular types of web hosting :
a. Shared hosting
b. VPS Hosting
c. Dedicated Hosting
d. Managed Hosting
e. Cloud Hosting
Types of HOSTING

73. Shared Hosting
• Shared hosting is an arrangement where several websites or server
hosting accounts are kept on the same server resources.
Types of HOSTING

74. VPS Hosting
• Virtual Private Server (VPS) hosting still share the physical server space
with other website owners. But that website is hosted on an independent
piece of virtual “real estate”.
Types of HOSTING

75. Dedicated Hosting
• Dedicated hosting is a servers dedicated to a single website owner and
has complete control over the machine
Types of HOSTING

76. Managed Hosting
• Managed hosting is a hosting company that handles the setup,
administration, management, and support of a server.
Types of HOSTING

77. Cloud Hosting
• Cloud hosting makes applications and websites accessible using cloud
resources
Types of HOSTING

78. Shared
Hosting
Cloud
Hosting
Managed
Hosting
VPS
Hosting
Dedicated
Hosting
A room in a
Hostel
A
membership
to a Chain if
Hotels
Concierge
Service in
Apartment
Building
A Town
House
Private
Estate