Exposition or Discussion on a Familiar Issue to - Copy.pptx
1.
2. Jens Martensson
Review!
Directions: Read the following statements and identify the claim made as FACT, POLICY or VALUE. Write
your answers on your answer sheet.
1. Teachers are under-appreciated in our country.
2. People living in polluted areas should start thinking how to
recycle their wastes so that they can make other alternatives
and livelihood as well.
3. Video games are a waste of time; sports on the other hand
are a better way to build character and stay healthy.
4. The number of murders, most often by psychopaths, has
exponentially grown in the last decade.
5. We should embrace immigrants instead of building a wall.
6. Converting to solar energy can save homeowners’ money.
7. The healthcare system should be completely reformed.
8. Parents are morally responsible to safeguard their children’s
activity on the internet.
2
3. Jens Martensson
What is It?
Inference is an act or process of using clues and evidence to draw a
conclusion. You must “read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and
to make logical inferences from it.” You must be able to identify both explicit and
implicit information, so you can make inferences about what you read.
• Explicit describes something that is plainly, directly and
clearly stated, something that is communicated in a fashion
that leaves no room for interpretation or confusion.
• Example: It was a dark and stormy night.
• Implicit describes something that is not clearly and indirectly
expressed, something communicated in a fashion that is
implied.
• Example: The trees were swaying wildly outside Anne’s
window as she prepared for bed, and the gutters were
overflowing
3
4. Jens Martensson
Comparison
Subtitle lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Explicit
• The explicit term in
the English language
is highly used to
express something
that has been clearly
and directly stated
without any
ambiguity
Implicit
• Implicit is derived
from implied where
the term is used to
define something
indirectly through
suggestion or by
implication.
4
5. Jens Martensson 5
• Given that poetry and other literary works
tend to communicate their meaning or
themes in an indirect method, implicit
communication is highly adopted. This
illustrates why it is challenging to understand
the meaning of the poems as they
communicate indirectly.
• Explicit communication is not highly adopted
in poetry, and other literary works because it
communicates directly which is not preferred
in this discipline.
6. Jens Martensson 6
• Academic writing does not adopt implicit
writing because it has significant levels of
ambiguity, which are not necessary when
learning. Students are encouraged to write
explicitly so that teachers can easily
understand their meaning.
• However, students engaging in literature and
mastery of English language use implicit
writing which is a great skill in poetry and
literature.
7. Jens Martensson 7
• Explicit sentences communicate the primary meaning
of the phrase because they use actual words, which are
easy to understand without any ambiguity. A person
reading a text that has used explicit communication
easily understands the subject under consideration.
• On the other hand, implicit writing communicates the
secondary meaning of the sentence. When one reads a
sentence written explicitly, he or she needs to
interrogate the phrase so that he or she can realize the
primary meaning of the sentence that is usually
hidden.
9. Jens Martensson
Label or list the EXPLICIT information
on each of these images.
Explicit – clearly stated so there is no room for
confusion or questions.
Implicit – implied or suggested, but not clearly stated. 5
10. Jens Martensson
Check your work: did you pick out
explicit information or implicit information?
Explicit – clearly stated so there is no room for
confusion or questions.
Implicit – implied or suggested, but not clearly stated.
Explicit
• What body parts are pictured
in the image?
• What are they doing?
• What is tied around them?
• What winged insect is
pictured? What colour is it?
Explicit
• What metal rings have been used
to reflect a human form in this
art work?
• What shape/position has the
body taken?
• What parts of the sculpture are
chains tied around?
11. Jens Martensson
Now have a go: identify the IMPLICT
information (use the questions to help).
Explicit – clearly stated so there is no room for confusion or questions.
Implicit – implied or suggested, but not clearly stated.
Extension: compare the
similarities and differences
between the images.
Implicit
• What do you associate with a
butterfly?
• Why are the hands tied with
chains? What can you infer?
• What theme do you think the
artist was trying to convey?
Implicit
• What theme do you think the
artist was trying to convey?
• Why has the artist chosen to to
sculpt the human shape using
chains?
• The body is sculpted in a
distorted position. Why? How
does this reflect the theme.
10
12. Jens Martensson
EXPLICIT or IMPLICIT?
12
Directions: Read the given text and answer the following activity.
“Tough it up man. It’s just a little bruise. We gonna get you home
now.” Andre said. His voice alternating between terror and
toughness. He and Leslie pulled Sampson up from the ground.
“Can you walk, man?” Sampson put one foot down, then tried the
other. He cringed, cried out, then slumped back against his brother.
“I can’t,” he said, shaking his head. Sampson took several deep
breaths. Sweat poured of his face. Andre looked at Leslie. The rest
of the boys had somehow disappeared. “We gotta carry him, man.”
Leslie nodded, and the two of them hoisted the smaller boy
between them and carried him home down the same street, which
now seemed even hotter.
(Source: https://betterlesson.com/community/document/3116755/explicit-vs-implicit-quiz-docx )
13. Jens Martensson
EXPLICIT or IMPLICIT?
13
Based on the text, identify whether the given statement is explicit or implicit.
Write
your answer in your answer sheet.
1. Andre told Sampson to “tough it up.”
2. Leslie and Andre picked Sampson up.
3. Sampson was sad and depressed that his foot
was hurt.
4. Sampson could not walk on his foot.
5. Andre, Leslie and Sampson are best friends.
14. Jens Martensson
Operational or Technical Definition
14
An important skill you need to learn is to make
terms understandable especially when readers
do not understand technical terms. These
terms may be used technically or operationally.
When this happens, the word/term may mean
another thing than what it usually means which
may cause miscommunication. Being able to
adequately understand can save us all from
headaches and ambiguity.
15. Jens Martensson
Operational or Technical Definition
15
Operational definition- is a
definition of term that explains
the process or procedure by
which it is going to be
measured or how it is used in
your paper.
17. Jens Martensson
Operational or Technical Definition
17
Technical definition- refers to
a very detailed description of a
term, process, or phenomenon.
It often describes what the
thing does, how it is used, and
to what purpose.
18. Jens Martensson
Operational or Technical Definition
18
Example:
An isthmus is a narrow strip of land
with sea on either side, forming a link
between two larger areas of land.
Sceptic refers to a person who is
inclined to question or doubt accepted
opinion.
19. Jens Martensson
Operational or Technical Definition
19
Directions: Identify whether the following terms are defined as
OPERATIONAL or TECHNICAL. Write your answers in your answer
sheet.
1. A triangle is a plane figure bounded by three sides with three
angles.
2. Phenylephrine is an adrenergic drug that is a powerful
vasoconstrictor and is used to relieve nasal congestion, dilate the
pupils and maintain blood pressure during anesthesia.
3. Jest is a thing said or done for amusement.
4. Time is that quantity which comes in units of seconds that can be
measured by a stopwatch.
5. Chaos refers to an unusual even that is difficult to understand
20. Jens Martensson
Text Citation
20
In some forms of written
communication, there is a need for
you to acknowledge the source of
information. Within the text of your
paper, include and in-text citation
when you refer to summarize,
paraphrase, or quote from another
21. Jens Martensson
In-text citation
21
is a reference made within the body
of text of an academic essay. The in-
text citation alerts the reader to a
source that has informed your own
writing. The exact format of an in-
text citation will depend on the style
you need to use.
22. Jens Martensson
In-text citation
22
The American Psychological Association
(APA) in-text citation style uses the author’s
last name and the year of publication,
for example: (Field, 2005).
For direct quotations, include the page
number as well, for example: (Field, 2005,
p.14).
For sources such as websites and e-books
that have no page numbers, use a
25. Jens Martensson
Sample Bibliography: APA
25
Becsey, L., Wachsberger, P., Samuels, S., et al (Directors). (2008). In
the valley of Elah. [DVD]. Warner Home Video.
Ginsberg, J. P., Ayers, E., Burriss, L., & Powell, D. A. (2008).
Discriminative delay Pavlovian eye-blink conditioning in veterans with
and without post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety
Disorders, 22, 809-823. https://doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.08.009
Glantz, A. (2009). The war comes home: Washington's battle against
America's veterans. University of California Press.
26. Jens Martensson
Sample Bibliography: APA
26
Jakupcak, M., Luterek, J., Hunt, S., Conybeare, D., & McFall, M. (2008). Post-
traumatic stress and its relationship to physical health functioning in a sample of
Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans seeking post-deployment VA health care.
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 425-428.
Jensen, G. & Wiest, A. A. (2001). War in the age of technology myriad faces of
modern armed conflict. New York University Press.
Killgore, W. D. S., Cotting, D. I., Thomas, J. L., Cox, A. L., McGurk, D., Vo, A. H., et
al. (2008). Post-combat invincibility: Violent combat experiences are associated
with increased risk-taking propensity following deployment. Journal of Psychiatric
Research, 42(13), 1112-1121. https://doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.01.001
27. Jens Martensson
Writing a Bibliography: APA Format
27
Basics
Your list of works cited should begin at the end of
the paper on a new page with the centered title,
References. Alphabetize the entries in your list by
the author's last name, using the letter-by-letter
system (ignore spaces and other punctuation.)
Only the initials of the first and middle names are
given. If the author's name is unknown,
alphabetize by the title, ignoring any A, An, or
The.
28. Jens Martensson
Writing a Bibliography: APA Format
28
Basics
For dates, spell out the names of months in the
text of your paper, but abbreviate them in the list
of works cited, except for May, June, and July.
Use either the day-month-year style (22 July
1999) or the month-day-year style (July 22, 1999)
and be consistent. With the month-day-year style,
be sure to add a comma after the year unless
another punctuation mark goes there.
29. Jens Martensson
Writing a Bibliography: APA Format
29
Underlining or Italics?
When reports were written on typewriters, the names
of publications were underlined because most
typewriters had no way to print italics. If you write a
bibliography by hand, you should still underline the
names of publications. But, if you use a computer, then
publication names should be in italics as they are
below. Always check with your instructor regarding
their preference of using italics or underlining. Our
examples use italics.
30. Jens Martensson
Writing a Bibliography: APA Format
30
Hanging Indentation
All APA citations should use hanging
indents, that is, the first line of an
entry should be flush left, and the
second and subsequent lines should
be indented 1/2".
31. Jens Martensson
Writing a Bibliography: APA Format
31
Capitalization, Abbreviation, and Punctuation
The APA guidelines specify using sentence-style
capitalization for the titles of books or articles, so
you should capitalize only the first word of a title
and subtitle. The exceptions to this rule would be
periodical titles and proper names in a title which
should still be capitalized. The periodical title is
run in title case, and is followed by the volume
number which, with the title, is also italicized.
32. Jens Martensson
Writing a Bibliography: APA Format
32
Capitalization, Abbreviation, and Punctuation
If there is more than one author, use an ampersand (&)
before the name of the last author. If there are more
than six authors, list only the first one and use et al. for
the rest.
Place the date of publication in parentheses
immediately after the name of the author. Place a
period after the closing parenthesis. Do not italicize,
underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter
works within longer works.
34. Jens Martensson
Format Examples
34
Examples:
• Allen, T. (1974). Vanishing wildlife of North America. Washington,
D.C.: National Geographic Society.
• Boorstin, D. (1992). The creators: A history of the heroes of the
imagination. New York: Random House.
• Nicol, A. M., & Pexman, P. M. (1999). Presenting your findings: A
practical guide for creating tables. Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.
• Searles, B., & Last, M. (1979). A reader's guide to science fiction.
New York: Facts on File, Inc.
• Toomer, J. (1988). Cane. Ed. Darwin T. Turner. New York: Norton.
35. Jens Martensson
Format Examples
35
Encyclopedia & Dictionary
Format:
Author's last name, first initial. (Date).
Title of Article. Title of Encyclopedia
(Volume, pages). City of publication:
Publishing company.
36. Jens Martensson
Format Examples
36
Examples:
• Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia
britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia
Britannica.
• Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993).
Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
• Pettingill, O. S., Jr. (1980). Falcon and Falconry. World book
encyclopedia. (pp. 150-155). Chicago: World Book.
• Tobias, R. (1991). Thurber, James. Encyclopedia americana.
(p. 600). New York: Scholastic Library Publishing.
37. Jens Martensson
Format Examples
37
Magazine & Newspaper Articles
Format:
Author's last name, first initial.
(Publication date). Article title. Periodical
title, volume number(issue number if
available), inclusive pages.
38. Jens Martensson
Format Examples
38
Note: Do not enclose the title in quotation marks. Put a period after the title. If a
periodical includes a volume number, italicize it and then give the page range (in
regular type) without "pp." If the periodical does not use volume numbers, as in
newspapers, use p. or pp. for page numbers.
Note: Unlike other periodicals, p. or pp. precedes page numbers for a newspaper
reference in APA style.
Examples:
• Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of
Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.
• Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
• Kalette, D. (1986, July 21). California town counts town to big quake. USA Today, 9, p. A1.
• Kanfer, S. (1986, July 21). Heard any good books lately? Time, 113, 71-72.
• Trillin, C. (1993, February 15). Culture shopping. New Yorker, pp. 48-51.
39. Jens Martensson
Format Examples
39
Website or Webpage
Format:
Online periodical:
Author's name. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume
number, Retrieved month day, year, from full URL
Online document:
Author's name. (Date of publication). Title of work. Retrieved month day, year, from
full URL
Note: When citing Internet sources, refer to the specific website document. If a
document is undated, use "n.d." (for no date) immediately after the document title.
Break a lengthy URL that goes to another line after a slash or before a period.
Continually check your references to online documents. There is no period
following a URL.
Note: If you cannot find some of this information, cite what is available.
40. Jens Martensson
Format Examples
40
Examples:
Devitt, T. (2001, August 2). Lightning injures four at music festival. The Why? Files. Retrieved
January 23, 2002, from http://whyfiles.org/137lightning/index.html
Dove, R. (1998). Lady freedom among us. The Electronic Text Center. Retrieved June 19, 1998,
from Alderman Library, University of Virginia website: http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/subjects/afam.html
Note: If a document is contained within a large and complex website (such as that for a university
or a government agency), identify the host organization and the relevant program or department
before giving the URL for the document itself. Precede the URL with a colon.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being.
Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000, from
http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html
GVU's 8th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, 2000, from
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/usersurveys/survey1997-10/
Health Canada. (2002, February). The safety of genetically modified food crops. Retrieved March
22, 2005, from http://www.hc-
sc.gc.ca/english/protection/biologics_genetics/gen_mod_foods/genmodebk.html
Hilts, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out. New York
Times. Retrieved November 21, 2000, from http://www.nytimes.com
42. Jens Martensson
Plagiarism
42
Plagiarism is the act of presenting the words,
ideas, or images of another as your own; it
denies authors or creators of content the
credit they are due. Whether deliberate or
unintentional, plagiarism violates ethical
standards in scholarship (see APA Ethics
Code Standard 8.11, Plagiarism).
43. Jens Martensson
Find and correct the errors in the following in-text
citations according to APA referencing conventions.
43
44. Jens Martensson
(Determine the correct format of bibliography in APA
style)
44
a. Allen, T.(1974).Vanishing Wildlife of North America.
Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society
b. Vanishing Wildlife of North America. Allen, T.(1974).
Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society
c. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society.
Vanishing Wildlife of North America. Allen, T.(1974).
d. Allen, T. Vanishing Wildlife of North America.
Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society.
(1974).
