The Ottoman Empire Essay

The Ottoman Empire Essay
The Ottoman Empire
Around 1293 the chieftain of a nomadic Turkish tribe named Osman, founded an empire that would endure almost six hundred years. As this empire
grew by conquering lands of the Byzantine Empire and beyond, it came to include, at its height, all of Asia Minor, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria,
Yugoslavia, Romania, Egypt, Crete, Cyprus, Palestine, and North Africa through Algeria; parts of Hungry, Austria, Russia, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Oman,
U.A.E., and Syria. The elite tactics and fearsome fighting of the well trained Janissary Corps helped make the Ottoman Empire one of the largest in the
world's history. –1– The first "army" of the Ottoman Empire was made up Gazis, Turkish faith fighters. They were effective against small...show more
content...
VonHamer–Purgstal 773) These Janissary warriors were mostly composed of Christians or Jews who had converted to Islam. They were brought
up in the Janissary camp from about the age of 5. They were trained to be fearsome warriors, although some were trained to be administrators. Most
of the Janissary soldiers were in the cavalry. The cavalry was one of the main keys to the Ottoman's many victories. The Janissary Corp's soldiers
were paid with a regular salary now that the country was established and taxes were collected. "Orhan's [son of Osman, the founder of the Ottoman
Empire] capture of Bursa in 1324 provided the first means for developing the administrative, financial, and military power necessary to make this
principality into a real state and create an army" ( J. F. von Hamer–Pugstall 773). The Janissary Corps were the most awesome force that Europe had
contended with for centuries. They were the most fearsome fighters to attack Europe since Gengis Khan's Golden Hordes. They fought like well trained
animals. "Orhan soon was able to capture the remaining Byzantine towns in north– western Antola: Iznik(1331), Izmit(1337), and Uskudar(1338)" (J. F.
von Hamer–Pugstall 771). –3– "Murad conquered Thorace, northwest of Constantinople in 1361. He moved the capital to Adrianople" ( J. F. von
Hamer–Pugstall 772). The Ottomans were not always expanding by means of war and conquest. They also gained territory through marriage and
purchases. "Bayezed extended the empire in
Get more content on HelpWriting.net

Osman I: The Origins Of The Ottoman Empire
The origins of the Ottoman Empire, which greatly influenced world history and defined the Islamic world as we know it today, can be traced down to
Osman I, Osman I was the founder of the Ottoman Empire and its defining dynasty that created the empire's name: Ottoman. Most of the early years of
Osman are shrouded in mystery, and Osman only comes into the light when he inherited his father's beylik. Osman I greatly expanded his beylik at the
cost of the crumbling Byzantine Empire, and on 1299, declared his independence from the weakened Seijuk Turks (Mongols say Hi). Osman I strayed
from conflict with his stronger Turkic neighbors and was very successful against the Byzantines. His initial tiny realm having become a principality
affecting

Ottoman Empire Pros And Cons
The ruling elite of the Ottoman Empire were unique, because they were a foreign influence, which shaped the way they were perceived and how they
displayed their identity. This was because; they were Devirshirme, recruits of the child levy system. They served in either the palace service or the
Janissary military system. Their status as the ruling elite was bittersweet, filled with pros and cons. The Janissaries formed a powerful interest group,
which allowed them to project their power to the Sultan as well as the people.
The Devirshirme were recruited through the child levy system to serve as statesmen and soldiers. They were recruited primarily from the Balkans, but
also from other Christian European territories within the Ottoman...show more content...
Though they were elite the Devirshme had its cons as well.
Various pros and cons shaped the identity of the ruling elite. The Devirshirme received tax exemption, which created distinction between them and the
rest of the population. Furthermore, it allowed them to accumulate more wealth, which widened the gap between the ruling elite and the subjects. Yet
the ruling elite had a dual nature, they were also viewed as slaves of the Sultan. Islamic law stated that the Sultan was the protector of his subjects. As
slaves of the Sultan, the ruling elite were bound by this, and had little authority over the population. Yet they viewed themselves as elite and not slaves.
Therefore, they sought diplomatic ways of projecting their identity and influence.
As the janissaries swelled in numbers they formed a formidable interest group. The janissaries often held strikes against the debasements of currency or
unfair officials. Strikes served as an effective tool in influencing legislation and projecting their influence to the Sultan and the population. The
janissaries also formed palace alliances, for example, at times they allied themselves with one of the queen mothers or the statesmen in palace service to
affect which heir would be sultan. The statesmen also sought to influence the harem and effect legislation. This would ensure that the ruling elite's
interests were met by the new sultan.
The dual identity of the Devirshme, as the

Rise Of The Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman empire reigned for over 600 years. Two ways in which the Sultans were able to consolidate their power to secure the throne and deflect
challenges was through a superior military force and second by developing a system to decentralize their population. By colonizing conquered lands,
such as through land–grants, the empire ensured new territories were productive acquisitions to the kingdom. The Ottoman army was supplied with the
newest technologies in firepower. Their rise to power started when Mehmet took the city of Constantinople in 1453. Mehmet's forces overwhelmed the
Byzantines in both firepower and manpower. The use of cannons, man–power and exploiting the Byzantine weak defenses allowed him to conquer this
important

Essay On The Ottoman Empire
In the late 12th century, near the city of Constantinople, an empire originated. This empire was founded by Turkish natives who wanted to build an
empire after their leader, Osman. This empire had a sultan, who was in the highest position, but was run by a small ruling class. This imperial system
was run by a power of Muslim control over non–Muslim populations. They allowed their people to live under the laws of their own religions.
Non–Muslims and Christians however, were given limited freedom, but were still treated as second–class citizens.
Furthermore, the Ottoman's held a strong political pyramid. The sultan was the highest and at the top, followed by a group of wealthy leaders, and
then the commoners, who were known as the Rayyah. Industrialization was a main focus of this empire. Their goal was to develop cities into
commercial and industrial centers. Fortunately for them, they were able to make trade routes within their empire. In the social life of the Ottomans, the
women were put under harsh restrictions from the Islamic Law. Their life outside of the home was limited, but by no means non–existent. The Ottoman
empire was known for their strong military structure. It was organized by Osman in the late 13th century. High positions in the military and political
power were offered as well, the ideal...show more content...
Hindu populations, however, felt threatened because of the ruling Muslims and their high political power jobs. The empire spread arts, culture, and
faith within their people. The Mughal empire was known to be diverse in this sense. When the Mughals first rose to power, they urbanized their
conquered areas. They had a market where the government was in charge of controlling what was sold and for its set price. Once the economy
reached a more stable state, the market was changed to a free market, in which supply and demand was the controlling

How Did The Fall Of The Ottoman Empire
Through civil wars, revolutions, and traditional wars, westernization and its manifest forces fragmented and eventually imploded the the greatly
eroding Ottoman, Islamic and Qing civilizations. In our world we see a lot of empires that rise and fall, sometimes within a single lifetime and
sometimes over the span of centuries. Empires fall for many different reasons. Civil and traditional wars are just a couple of big reasons that are
covered in this analysis. The Ottoman empire was one of the longest lasting empires in the world. At their height of the empire, they were the biggest
superpower in the world. Many nations feared and respected the Ottoman empire. However, every empire must fall at some point and the Ottoman
Empire fell as a result...show more content...
The decline of the Ottoman Empire began the Islamic Empire's descent from greatness. The Ottomans defended the Islamic heartland because they
had territory there. The Islamic Empire was a part of the Ottoman Empire, ensuring their defense and protection. With their empire down for the
count the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, the majority of the Islamic land was poorly defended at a place and a time in the world when a strong
defense is required in order to keep land. Napoleon was the first one to capitalize on this when he went and invaded Egypt. This move sent a
shockwave through the rest of the Islamic empire. After Napoleons's entrance into Egypt and the continued decline of the Ottomans, the other
European countries began to attacked the empire. The sultans ignorance of Europe led to many defeats. The Islamic leader attempted to try and copy
the French army that had so baldy badly beaten the Islamic empire. The leaser also tried to increase slave labor and that which was not received very
well the by the people of the empire. Eventually the empire went broke and Europe continued to invade the many parts of this vast empire. These
invasions and the a lack of strong leadership caused the empire to crumble and eventually

The Ottoman Empire
Our History 102 class topics were interesting and enlightening. From discoveries to parliaments our lives have been changed through evolutions and
revolutions. Though there were many topics that sparked my interest and choosing one to elaborate on the Ottoman Empire stood out most. This
analysis will show its development and reasons for its nick name as the Sick man of Europe. Ottoman Turks were established in Turkey. This area was
rich and famous. The land at that time was called Anatolia that meant sunrise, or the East. After the death of the ruler, Alexander the Great, Anatolia
was split between many Greek generals. The early Turks came from Central Asia after being pushed out by the Mongols. In the eighth century they
came into contact with Muslims that transpired into them embracing the Islamic religion. It was the period of industrialization that is development and
money making initiative. Through this initiative and collaboration Mosques, inns, schools, and bridges were built creating canvas routes that went
through the Middle East to China. In 1040 at the time known as the Seljuk Turks that rose to power and created an empire. The Turkish language was
then presented to the region. After a major battle called at Malazgirt in Eastern Anatolia that created a Muslim Turkish influence on Anatolia this was
the beginning of four crusades that ended in war to the region. The Seljuk Empire came to end by the 13th century after being beaten by Mongol
powers. In 1330, the

Ottoman Empire
By the turn of the twentieth century, the once powerful Ottoman–Islamic Middle Eastern order was rendered unstable by conflicts emanating from its
core components to the challenge of European dominance. Its economic order was restructured into different parts of the region. The Capitulations,
were transformed into tools of European economic and political control. In an effort to recover Middle Eastern military strength and prevent rebellion
and European imperialism, the rulers of Egypt and the Ottoman Empire started to purchase European military technology. But the cost associated with
these endeavors exceeded the financial capacities of the two states' and they were forced to seek loans from European lenders. The economic
environment eventually...show more content...
But by 1920, neither that state nor its Islamic institutions held prominence in the Middle East, and its former Arab and Turkish subjects faded into
obscurity. In its final century the Ottoman system underwent considerable transformation. The reform movement strengthened the administrative
efficiency and the military capability of the empire, but at the same time the reforms were bound to undermine the foundations on which the Ottoman
order rested. Despite the administrative changes and the spread of nationalist revolts in the Balkans, the Arab subjects of the empire neither wanted, nor
anticipated, its collapse and replacement by a regional Arab state system. The doctrine of Arabism surfaced before the war, but it was not so much a
program for political independence so much as a demand for Arab autonomy within an Ottoman framework. Thus, at the outbreak of the war,
Ottomanism remained the dominant ideology in the Arabic–speaking provinces. And despite all the attention that Sharif Husayn's revolt later received,
they did not detach the majority of Arabs from their Ottoman loyalties during the war years. But by the end of the war in 1918, Ottomanism was
irrelevant. The French occupation of Damascus and the creation of regional states, compelled the Arab elites to focus their attention on developments
in their own new states. Arabs that had been formerly occupants of Ottoman provinces, now had to create new identities as Iraqis, Syrians, Palestinians,
etc. One element in the post–Ottoman Middle East did remain constant, the individuals who rose to political prominence in the new states were mainly
those who had held positions of power and or influence within the Ottoman system, whether they were local notables or prior Ottoman civil servants and

Ottoman Empire Essay
Angelina Li
Foundation of Middle East
10/07/16
The Ottoman Empire, in its golden age, had the most advanced technology, well–trained and loyalty military , as well as the sophisticated government
administration system. However, with the lapse of time, even the empire still seems very powerful, this conservative empire was already in recession.
While all of the strengths that Ottoman empire used to have could not hide its weaknesses anymore, the empire collapsed due to its conservative idea
towards economy, government policies and technology.
Ottoman Empire's economy emerged a problem due to their lack of consciousness to modernize. The most important external reason, highly affect its
economic later on, is the changing of the global trading...show more content...
The janissaries were a group of boys from Christian families under devshirme system, and many families used their best efforts to sent their children
to be the member of janissaries; the reason why is that they can get a better life by work for Sultan. Those children were trained extremely strict, and
they were not allowed to have rights or marry in order to be loyal to sultan. The Ottoman Empire adamantly insisted on one absolute loyalty army,
which was a benefit for sultan before. But in 17th century, those janissaries started to care about themselves interests than the sultan, and their less
practises result in the weakness of military capability. Also, the decline of weapon and technology made the military power fall behind and became
the weak force. Moreover, the tolerant religion policy in its golden age attracted numerous best people from all over the world, and they could still
believe their own religions because the government would not interfere. However, it ultimately lead to the decline of the empire because those people
are not converting together, they only believed that they were ruled by the ottoman Empire instead of the member of the Ottoman Empire.
In conclusion, all the strength Ottoman Empire used to have became its shortage finally because they were arrogance and careless. Therefore,

The History of the Ottoman Empire Essay
We human beings need to sleep to let our body to relax and gain back the energy we are spending during daytime. By the same token, sometimes we
sleep to get away from reality and fall into a totally different world that we dream of. Dream is a divine gift to all human beings. We dream, there's no
sleeping without a dream, whether it's a nightmare or a joyful daydream. Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung define dreams as "an interaction between the
unconscious and conscious asserting that the unconscious is the dominant force of the dream and it conveys its own mental activity to the perspective
faculty."[ ] Moreover, most of the time our dreams are just reflections of our subconscious, which are inevitably a series of thoughts, images, and...show
more content...
A man with a nickname of "Kara" meaning black in modern Turkish was the father of theOttoman Empire during the thirteenth century. Osman Ghazi
Khan or Othman I El–Gazi, who was the father of the Ottoman Empire, was born in 1258 in the town of SoДџut. Ertugrul Gazi was his father and
Hayme Sultan was his mother. Osman I was an intelligent leader. He was a fair man, brave, courageous and occasionally helped the poor people. He
even gave his own clothes to the poor people. He prepared lavish meal to everyone in his house. He had two wives; Mal Hatun, Rabi'a Bala Hatun and
he had eight sons; Pazarli, Coban, Hamit, Orhan, Ala–ed–din, Ali, Melik, Savci and a daughter; Fatma Sultan from both wives. [ ]
The beginning of the Ottoman Empire goes back to the history of a tribe in the principalities known as SГ¶ДџГјtГ¶ near Sakarya river valley. The
leader of this tribe was ErtuДџrul after his death in 1281, on of his three sons, Osman I, took his place and after a short period. As the decline of the
Byzantine Empire, Osman I declared himself to be the first Sultan of the Ottoman Empire that lasted for more than six centuries in 1299.
During the early 1300s, Osman I captured a significant city in Anatolia, YeniЕ
џehir, which later became the first Ottoman capital[ ]. Osman I, first
established a small empire, which he called "Memalik Osomaniye," or "the

How Successful Was The Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was a significant piece of the European states framework and effectively assumed a part in their undertakings, due to a limited
extent to their coterminous times of development. Towards the finish of the fifteenth century, the Ottomans started to assume a bigger part in the
Italian Peninsula. In 1494, both the Papacy and the Kingdom of Naples appealed to the Sultan straightforwardly for his help against Charles VIII of
France in the First Italian War. The Ottomans policy towards Europe amid the sixteenth century was one of disturbance against the Habsburg dynasties.
The Ottomans teamed up with Francis I of France and his Protestant partners in the 1530s while battling the Habsburgs. Although the French had
looked for a union

Ottoman Empire Research Paper
The Ottoman Empire was one of the largest and strongest Turkish Muslim empires in the world, with its capitol Constantinople it led the trade in the
eastern and western world. Constantinople had total control of the Silk Road due to location, being in the middle of the black and Mediterranean Sea
gave Constantinople total control of the trade market. Leading for more than 600 years (Modern World History, chap. 5, sect. 2) theOttoman Empire
served as a unification between different and separated parts of the Islamic world. The Ottoman Empire rose to power mainly due to Mongols
destroying their Islamic dynasty known as the Seljuk Turks, this in turn caused the Ottoman Turks to regain their strength and regroup. Military leaders
also played an important role in the development of the empire....show more content...
(Modern World History, sect.3)Islam also was a main factor in the foundation of the Empire, Osman Gazi, the leader of the Ottomans, managed to
unite several rouge leaders, Seljuk Turks, teachers, clerics, and merchants all from different religions and ethnicities under one single Empire.
Christians and Jews were not forced to convert instead they had to pay a special tax, Gazi also adopted laws from other nations such as the Seljuk
laws, and instead of dividing the land among his family, Osman decided to unify it under one ruler, and from there the Empire began conquering and
controlling.(Modern World History, sect.

The Reasons Why The Ottoman Empire Essay
The Byzantine empire had its start in 330 AD with Constantine moving the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire/Byzantine Empire to Constantinople,
present day Istanbul. This created a capital in which nearly no one could fully siege control over for centuries. This all changed on April 5,1453 when
Sultan Mehmed II, ruler of the Ottoman Empire, determined that he would defeat the Byzantine Empire and take Constantinople, took action and
marched to the city. After a 54 day siege, on Tuesday, May 29,1453, Sultan Mehmed II and the Muslim Turks breached the walls of the city and
brought the last Roman empire crumbling to its knees. The reasons why the Ottoman Empire was able to bring down what once was the greatest
empire in the world was due to a proper financial backing and assistance from allies, greater number of troops, better technological advancements,
the type of leader Sultan Mehmed II was, and strategy. In 1451, Sultan Mehmed II, later known as Mehmed the Conquerer, started his second reign
of power of the Ottoman Empire. From the very beginning, he declared "it was his aim to take the city of Constantinople, no matter what the cost."
This was challenging due to the ginormous layered walls surrounding the Byzantine peninsula. First, the city was surrounded by a moat and a layer
of wall, then a "second or middle wall rising above thirty feet" with 96 towers, and then the third and biggest wall rising up to "40 feet high and 15
feet thick [with] 96 towers each about 60

What Was The Success Of The Ottoman Empire
From the late thirteenth century, three new empires emerged, the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mongol. The Osman Turks on the Anatolian Peninsula in
Turkey started the Ottoman Empire. The Safavid Dynasty started with Shah Ismail. And Babur was the founder of the Mongol Empire and united the
Hindu and Muslim kingdoms of India. The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mongol Empire all had great impact in the history of Middle East. However, their
successes were on the base of their unified empire. As one of the indispensable progress led an empire to success, there are some factors that help the
emperors to unify the empire. From 1300 to 1700 CE many countries dominated parts of Middle East because of strong military strength, flourished
economy, and strong government....show more content...
Another reason for the success of the Ottomans is tied to religion. The citizens of the Ottoman Empire were devout Muslims and they believed they
were on a mission to expand Islam. Besides, the government of the Ottoman Empire was on the base of its religion so the religious leaders of the
empire were also the political leaders. This made it easy for the citizens to obey their ruler. And the religion related government prevented the political
disturbance that occurred in other empires. Also, the Ottoman released policies to tolerant the non–Muslims. The non– Muslims paid a tax, but they
were allowed to practice their religion or convert to Islam. Furthermore, took the Mongol Dynasty as an example, one of the famous Mongol
emperor, Akbar the Great, who was the grandson of Babur. He placed most of India under Mogul control by use of artillery and negotiation. Akbar the
Great was best known for his humane character of his rule: he adopted a policy of religious tolerance and encourage intermarriage–––even marrying a
Hindu princess himself. He had many achievements during his rule: worked to reconcile problems with Hindu majority, ended special tax on Hindus,
granted land to Hindu and Muslim warriors in return for loyalty, as well as encourages social reforms like limiting alcohol, and tries to ban Sati, even
tries to create special market day for women. Toleration of political

Ottoman Empire Accomplishments
1.Around 1652 the Dutch East India Company wanted to monopolize the meat industry by settling down in the south shores of Table Bay. This was
in fact a brilliant idea, because this allowed to keep the prices for meat at a reduced level. While also being able to be a harbor for ships and also
supplying the men with medicine and food. This settlement was even protected by attacks by enemies that wanted to inflict harm on the harbor. The
Ottoman Empire had many great accomplishments, but one accomplishment was when the empire defeated Constantinople in 1453. This was only a
stepping stone to the reign and control of a large empire. According to Kevin Shillington, "By the end of the sixteenth century the Ottoman Empire
stretched across much

Fall of the Ottoman Empire Essay
Adnan Khawaja
1EP–5
4/2/12
(Super Awesome Title)
The Ottoman empire; one of the greatest empires in history. The Empire, at its height, ruled most of the land around the Mediterranean. It contributed
much to culture, science, religion, war, politics, and the world. Its monumental fall will be known throughout history. How can the swift decline of the
Ottoman power be explained? Perhaps the best way to understand how important this event was, there needs to be a brief explanation of the history
behind this epic collapse; showing the rise before the fall and the drastic change.
Like with many other empires in human history the Ottoman Empire seems to came out from nowhere. During the initial Ottoman expansion the Middle
East and...show more content...
With improvements in communication the population that was distributed along the trade routes became concentrated on the centres. This population
was highly affected by the economic competition of that time. The populations that moved into cities faced hardships which tested their patience,
persistence, and adaptability. The Ottomans had to keep the system running under these social pressures.
Ottoman Turkey never developed extensive industry, though the lands it controlled had extensive natural resources. There were no universities or
technical schools that could teach either the basic skills or the theoretical knowledge needed for an industrial revolution and a modern economy. Banks
could not develop because of the Muslim prohibition on interest. Turkish guns and ships and railroads had to be purchased from France, Germany and
Britain, who vied with each other for the lucrative trade. The Ottoman Empire did not produce much that could pay for these purchases and eventually
went bankrupt, forcing its rulers to conclude disadvantageous terms with its European creditors.
3)The fall of the Ottoman state is often attributed to the failure of its economic structure. The otomman state had the following princibals:
Expansionism – ghaza or holy war against the non–Muslims in the frontiers
Absolutism – imperial dynasty and well set court system
Muslim law system – shariah (all embracing sacred law, based on Quran and sunnah)

Case Study Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
To: Hannah Hookes, President of Staff Development From: Patrick Zieba, Marketing Assistant cc: Jim Jamaeshe, Director of Marketing
Peter Pipe, Director of Human Resources Date: November 15, 2016
Re: Professional Writing Problem
PURPOSE
http://www.ottomanempire.com
пїјпїјпїјWe propose a partnership with DePaul University in order to provide a solution to Ottoman Empire's issues and concerns: lack of writing and
communication skills of our employees. We request your approval of funds to host an in house ProfessionalBusiness Writing – WRD 202 – from
DePaul University. This partnership will benefit Ottoman Empire HQ by educating our employees in proper business writing and communication.
THE PROBLEM WITH OTTOMAN EMPIRE'S EMPLOYEES
To

The Rise of the Ottoman Empire Essay
The Rise of The Ottoman Empire By: Hunter Starr HIST 130: Muslim History From the Rise of Islam to 1500 CE Professor Matthee November 27,
2007. The Ottoman Turks emerged on the periphery of the Byzantine Empire and the Saljuk Turks. Under a Turkish Muslim warrior named Osman,
raids were conducted in western Anatolia on Byzantine settlements and a vast number of Turks were united under his banner. Those Turks who flocked
to Osman's banner and followed him into the history books came to be called the Ottomans. The word Ottoman, fits these Turks well as it roughly
translates from Turkish as "those associated with Oman." At its outset, the Ottoman emirate was comparatively weak and of little consequence to its
much larger and...show more content...
Those associated with Osman, more than any other Turkish state had as their guiding principle the concept of being a gazi, gearing the emirate for
conquest. As mentioned earlier, a gazi was a Muslim warrior who inhabited the military borderland between Byzantium and Islam; he was a warrior of
the faith. A gazi held the sacred duty to extend and expand Islamic territory at the expense of the non–Muslim's who inhabited the land. The gazi
performed his duty to the Umma by means of the gaza, or raid. These raids evolved into perpetual warfare carried out against the nonbelievers,
especially the Christians, in the interests of Islam. Because of the Ottomans beneficial location, and their guiding principle, the early Ottoman state did
not disintegrate under pressure from internal feuds that plagued other rival emirates because it constantly expanded, gained new territory and
relentlessly provided new outlets for the energies of the gazi warriors. Under Osman, the Ottomans took advantage of the bloody and deadly rivalries
that existed between the Byzantines, the Bulgars, Serbs, Venetians, Genoans, and other Christian powers in Eastern Europe, laying siege to, and
capturing the main Byzantine strongholds between Soghut and Nicaea. After Osman died in 1326, his son and successor Orhan came to power,
reigning from 1326 to 1362; he continued the extended siege of Bursa and took the city in

Iraq: The Rise And Fall Of The Ottoman Empire
A good point to start with is Iraq during the Ottoman Empire. In that tenure, there were five grounds in which have raised the sectarian animosity
among the Iraqis. 1. The Ottoman to favor the Sunnis' at the expense of the Shia, due to the religious proximity of Shia in Iraq to the Safavid Empire,
and due to the fact that the Ottoman envisaged the Safavid as a political rival; thus, this erupted the Ottoman to marginalized the Shia and considered
them as an existential threat to the empire. 2. Tribe and Klan, which were profound incentives for the Ottoman, were an excellent way for the Ottoman
to grant loyalty out of the tribes. The Ottoman permit the tribes to act individually "semi–autonomous" to collate taxes and ensure populace loyalty

The Ottoman Empire Essay

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Featured

Featured (20)

The Ottoman Empire Essay