Biotic & Abiotic Components of Ecosystem.

1. FAZAL HAQ
CENTRE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF
PESHAWAR
BIOTIC & ABIOTIC FACTORS

3. Biotic factors:
It is also known as Biological components / living factors , simply
means Living organisms.
Biotic Components are further classified into 3 main groups
 Producers
 Consumers
 Decomposers

4. Producer
 Producers are autotrophs which can
prepare their own food.
 Chloroplast helps in preparing food.
 They can store light and chemical energy.
 They are placed at the primary level in the
food chains.
 Examples:
Green plants, algae and a few
phtosynthetic bacterias.

5. Consumers
Consumers are heterotrophs who depend on producers for food.
They lack chloroplast and are unable to synthesis their own food.
They are placed in secondary or tertiary level in food chain.
It can move from one place in to another in search of food and shelter.

6. Types of consumers
 The Consumers are of 4 types:
(a) Primary Consumer: ( Herbivores)
i.e. Animal feeding on plants, e.g.
Rabbit, deer, sheep etc.
(b) Secondary Consumers: The
animal feeding on Herbivores are called
as secondary consumers or primary
carnivores. E.g. Cats, foxes, snakes.

7. © Tertiary Consumers: These
are large carnivores which feed
on secondary consumers. E.g.
Wolves
(d) Quaternary Consumers:
These are largest carnivores
which feed on tertiary consumers
and are not eaten up by any other
animals. e.g. lion and Tiger.

8. Decomposers:
Their primary purpose in the
ecosystem is to decompose
producers and consumers
(usually dead) into simpler
form which can be reused

9. ABIOTIC COMPONENTS:
The non living factor or the physical
environment prevailing in an
ecosystem forms abiotic components.
• Abiotic component are mainly of two types,
1. Climatic factors
It includes, rain, temperature, light, wind,
humidity, etc.
2. Edaphic factors (i.e. factors related to
soil) : It includes soil, pH, topography,
minerals.

10. light
 Light is the energy source for all
living things.
 The main source of light on earth
is sunlight.
 Light is essential for
photosynthesis. It is only possible
when sunlight is avaiable as a
source of energy.

11. Temperature
 The average temperature on land
varies seasonally, decrease
progressively from equator towards
the poles and from plains to the
mountains.
 Protein desturction at 41C.
 Death occur at 45c.
 Metabolic activities slow down at 34C.

12. Water
 Earth surface contain 75% of
water.
 Organisms cannot surive with out
water.
 Life on earth originated in water
and is unstainable without water.
 The productivity and distribution
of plants is also heavily
dependent on water.

13. Soil
 Important natural resource.
 Soil is a haibtat for several organisms such as
earth worm, snails, snakes, ants etc.
 Soil, water, air, organic and inorganic
molecules are very important for plant
growth
 The ratios of these 4 groups in the soil are as
follows:
 - Minerals (Ca, Mg, P, N): 45%
 - Organic molecules (plant and animal
residues): 5%
 - Air: 25%
 - Water (soil water with dissolved salts): 25%

14. Thanks For Your Listening.