SOME APPROACHES IN TEFL

1. SOME APPROACHES
IN TEFL
By
Fatmatul Aisyah (16108810001)
English Department
Faculty of Teacher Training and
Education
Islamic University of Balitar
Teaching English as Foreign Language
Dian Fadilawati, M.Pd

2. Student Centered Approach
Both students and teachers are working together
with the same goal in mind and share the same focus.
Group work is encouraged, and students are encouraged to
work and communicate with each other.
As Thomas Shuell has said, student centered
teaching is built on the assumption that “what the student
does is actually more important in determining what is
learned than what the teacher does” (T. J. Shuell, Cognitive
Conception of Learning” (1986), 429)”.

3. Teacher Centered Approach
When the students pay attention solely to
the teacher. The instructor will teach the class in
lectures. Group activities are discouraged. A
teacher centered classroom creates a quite,
orderly work environment.

4. This is the classic way of teaching
language. It began as a method to teach Latin
and Greek and was generalized to teach any
second language. The Grammar-translation
Approach uses the students’ native language
to teach the target language.
Grammar-translation
Approach

5. Method
a. Use of mother tongue.
b. Vocabulary items are taught in the form of word
lists.
c. Elaborate explanations of grammar, etc.
Advantages
a. Translation is the easiest and shortest way of
explaining meaning of words and phrases.
b. Learners have no difficulties to understand the
lesson as it is carried out in the mother tongue
c. It is a labor-saving method as the teacher carries
out everything in the mother tongue.
Method and Advantages

6. The Direct Method
The direct method of teaching was developed as a
response to the Grammar-Translation method. It sought to
immerse the learner in the same way as when a first
language is learnt. All teaching is done in the target
language, grammar is taught inductively, there is a focus on
speaking and listening, and only useful ‘everyday' language
is taught.

7. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
• It makes the learning of English interesting and lively by establishing
direct bond between a word and its meaning.
• It is an activity method facilitating alertness and participation of the
pupils.
• Psychologically it is a sound method as it proceeds from the concrete to
the abstract.
Disadvantages
• There are many abstract words which cannot be interpreted directly in
English and much time and energy are wasted in making attempts for the
purpose.
• This method is based on the principles that auditory appeal is stronger
that visual. But there are children who learn more with visual than with
their oral- aural sense like ears and tongue.
 There is dearth of teachers trained and interested in teaching English in
this method.

8. Reading approach is a reaction to the
impracticality of the Direct Approach as few
teachers could use the target language in a
native-like manner to apply Direct Method
successfully.
Reading Approach
Reading approach is a reaction
to the impracticality of the Direct
Approach as few teachers could use
the target language in a native-like
manner to apply Direct Method
successfully.

9. Advantages
and
Disadvantages
Advantages
1. Reading approach can be used in a big class.
2. In reading approach, students can know
much vocabulary because they have to read
the passage.
3. Students focus what they are studying
because they only learn grammar.
Disadvantages
1. Since reading approach is only focused on
written skill, this approach is lack in speaking
skill.
2. Reading approach is oppressive approach
because the vocabularies and grammar are
controlled.

10. The theory behind this method is that learning a language
means acquiring habits. There is much practice of dialogues of
every situations. New language is first heard and extensively
drilled before being seen in its written form.
Unlike the Reading Approach, the Audio lingual Approach
gives higher priority to the spoken form than the written form.
Classes are generally held using the target language.
Audio-lingual
Approach

11. Advantages
1. Learners be able speaking the target language comunicatively.
2. Learners have no difficulties to understand the lesson as it is carried
out in the mother tongue.
3. Learners are able to give correct response directly.
Disadvantages
1. Speaking or any kind of spontaneous creative output was missing
from the curriculum.
2. Students lacked an active role in the classroom.
3. Process of learning only focus in speaking.
Advantages and
Disadvantages

12. Community Language
Learning
Communicationis essentially the rationale for language and the
Communicative Approach seeks to develop those skills that enable
students to meaningfully engage with each other. Interactive activities are
the hall mark of this approach. In this method attempts are made to build
strong personal links between the teacher and student so that there are
no blocks to learning. There is much talk in the mother tongue which is
translated by the teacher for repetition by the student.

13. Advantages
1. It is an attempt to overcome the threatening affective factors in EFL
and ESL.
2. The teacher allow the learners to determine type of conversation and
to analyze the language inductively
3. The student centered nature of the method can provide extrinsic
motivation and capitalize on intrinsic motivation.
Disadvantages
1. The teacher can become too non directive. Students often need
directions
2. The method relies completely on inductive learning. It is
worthwhile noting that deductive learning is also a viable strategy of
learning.
3. Translation is an intricate and difficult task. The success of the
method relies largely on the translation expertise of the teacher.
Advantages and Disadvantages

14. This is so called because the aim of the teacher is to say as
little as possible in order that the learner can be in control of
what he wants to say. No use is made of the mother tongue.
The Silent Way

15. Advantages
1. The use of the Silent Way enables a very high degree of interaction as
well between the teacher and the students as between the students
themselves and additionally raises the participation of the students in
class.
2. It embodies a new approach to education in general, a respect for the
individual and an awareness of the individual’s extraordinary cognitive
powers.
Disadvantages
1. The Silent Way is a very abstract way of learning a language, the learners
have to engage themselves with the artificiality of the approach, which is
extremely different from more commonly used methods of language
learning.
2. This method can be benefited by the teacher only in small groups of
students. The teacher can gain ability in this method by trying. The
teacher is expected to enrich the materials on his/her own.
Advantages and
Disadvantages

16. The communicative
Approach
The communicative approach is based on
the idea that learning language successfully
comes through having to communicate real
meaning. When learners are involved in real
communication, their natural strategies for
language acquisition will be used, and this will
allow them to learn to use the language.

17. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
1. Communicative approach is much more pupil-orientated, because
it is based on pupils’ needs and interests.
2. Communicative approach seeks to personalize and locale language
and adapt it to interests of pupils. Meaningful language is always
more easily retained by learners.
Disadvantages
1. The Communicative Approach often seems to be interpreted as: “if
the teacher understands the student we have good communication”
but native speakers of the target language can have great difficulty
understanding students.
2. Another disadvantage is that the CLT approach focuses on fluency
but not accuracy. The approach does not focus on error reduction
but instead creates a situation where learners are left using their
own devices to solve their communication problems. Thus they
may produce incoherent, grammatically incorrect sentences.

18. Functional Notional Approach
The major characteristic of the functional-notional
approach to language teaching is a sensitivity to the
individual needs of students. Based on the idea that the
ability to use real, appropriate language to
communicate with others is the primary goal of most
foreign language learning, the design of a functional-
notional curriculum contributes to the goal of
communication and interaction from the first day of
study.

19. TPR works by having the learner respond to
simple commands such as "Stand up", "Close
your book", "Go to the window and open it." The
method stresses the importance of aural
comprehension.
Total Physical Response
(TPR)

20. Advantages
• It is fun and easy.
• It does not require a great deal of preparation on the part of the
teacher.
• It is a good tool for learning vocabulary.
Disadvantages
• It is not a very creative method. Students are not given the opportunity
to express their own views and thoughts in a creative way.
• It is easy to overuse TPR.
• It is limited, since everything cannot be explained with this method. It
must be combined with other approaches.
Advantages
and Disadvantages

21. There is no correction of mistakes. Learning takes place by
the students being exposed to language that is comprehensible or
made comprehensible to them. In addition, the Natural Approach
sees a difference between “learning” and “acquisition.”Learning a
language requires text books, grammar lessons and rote
memory. Acquiring a language only requires an immersive
process of repetition, correction and recall.
The Natural Approach

22. Advantages
• Students acquire the target language in a natural and easy way.
• Teaching materials are designed very well. Students can acquire
language from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, and from
concrete to abstract.
Disadvantages
• Students may use the target language fluently, but they cannot use it
accurately.
• Teachers should collect various teaching aids and use them
appropriately. Special teaching designs are necessary for the
students with better.
Advantages and
Disadvantages

23. Summary
So those are approaches that could serve as guides to teaching
English . They do overlap and there is not one method for the
language teacher.

24. References
https://www.myenglishpages.com/blog/community-language-
learning/ accesed on april 16, 2019 at 20.00
http://www.preservearticles.com/201105216930/advantages-
and-disadvantages-of-direct-method-of-teaching-
english.htmlaccesed on april 16, 2019 at 20.00
https://elisaarandilla.wordpress.com/advantages-and-
disadvantages-of-tpr/accesed on april 16, 2019 at 20.00
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https:
//ekayantipt.wordpress.com/2012/06/07/natural-
approach/amp/&ved=2ahUKEwjrqdON0dnhAhWhguYKHdU4D
6sQFjACegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVaw2WRbidj1a5QvdKIUJhxt3A&a
mpcf=1accesed on april 16, 2019 at 20.00
https://www.fluentu.com/blog/educator/language-teaching-
approaches/ accesed on april 20, 2019 at 19.40