A Descriptive Research about Knowledge Sharing Barrier.

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Introduction
Knowledge is today regarded as a factor of production together with land, labor and capital. As
the world moves towards a ‘knowledge-based economy’, knowledge is being considered as the
main driver of this new economy. The success of economies in the future is going to be based on
how companies or organizations acquire, use and leverage knowledge effectively. On the other
hand, understanding the concept of knowledge has become a dilemma due to the lack of theories
on the subject. This is mostly due to its intangible nature, which makes it very difficult to quantify.
As such, organizations may find it difficult to manage knowledge effectively. Therefore, more
research is needed in this area so that a framework can be developed to guide future research.
Within the overall knowledge management domain, a critical area that needs more attention is
knowledge sharing. Knowledge sharing is embedded within the knowledge-processing scope
where knowledge is generated. Effective knowledge management strategies must emphasize the
role of knowledge sharing to achieve maximum results for organizations.

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
General problem
 Organization member are less interested, organization members do not understand the
importance of knowledge sharing in surpassing competitors that's why stakeholders are not
getting the proper information about the organization.
 Less knowledge about technology, most of the employee and stakeholder do not know how
to work with modern technology and how they can properly use it. It is one of the big
problems of knowledge sharing.
 It is difficult to convince colleagues on the value and the benefits of the knowledge.
 Physical work environment and layout of work areas restrict effect knowledge sharing.
 There is lack of rewards and recognition systems that would motivate people to share their
knowledge.
 Less knowledge about technology, most of the employee and stakeholder do not know how
to work with modern technology and how they can properly use it. It is one of the big
problems of knowledge sharing.
 Existing corporate culture does not provide enough support for sharing practices.
 Lack of trust in the accuracy and credibility of knowledge due to the source
 Low awareness and realization of the value and benefit of possessed knowledge to others.

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Statement of the Problem
The development and share of knowledge in an organization has become a critical factor
in an organization's success. It is the most important input to maintain the competitive
advantage of any given firm. Knowledge is known as intangible assets where it develops,
when used and decrease in value when not used unlike tangible assets. Knowledge sharing
can be described as transportation of knowledge from one place, person or ownership to
another. It involves two or more parties with the presence of source and destination or
sender and receiver. Knowledge sharing requires the willingness of a group or individual
to work with others and share knowledge for their mutual benefits. The development and
share of knowledge in an organization has become a critical factor in an organization's
success and competitiveness. Many organizations are now concentrating on their efforts
about how knowledge can be transferred across the organization. Although knowledge
transfer is very important in an organization, the actual transfer and effectiveness of
knowledge within organization still remains a problematic issue. Effectiveness means
degree to which objectives are achieved and extend to which knowledge has been
transferred accurately. Although knowledge transfer is very important in an organization,
the actual transfer and effectiveness of knowledge within organization still however
remains a problematic issue. But employee are less interested in knowledge sharing, they
have no interest in knowledge sharing because most of the employees do not know the
proper way and they think it is extra work for them. Organization member are less
interested, organization members do not understand the importance of knowledge sharing
in surpassing competitors that's why stakeholders are not getting the proper information
about the organization.

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Purpose of the study
General Purpose
 To determine the best possible way of attitude towards knowledge sharing.
 To find out whether the knowledge sharing has a direct positive effect or not on employees
of the organization.
 To find out the impact of knowledge sharing in peoples mind.
 To find out the knowledge sharing barriers
 To find out the impact of user control and attitude towards the ads.
 To find out the social relationship regards to knowledge sharing.
Specific Purpose
 To find out the process of knowledge sharing within each other.
 To know how an effective motivation can be given towards the knowledge sharing
 To find out those facts that affects the people’s response emotionally.
 To identify the cause of inefficiency among each other.

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Literature Review
Knowledge sharing means the process of transferring knowledge from a person to another in
organization (Park and Im, 2003). Knowledge sharing has been identified as a major focus area
for knowledge management. The basic assumption for the efficient knowledge sharing within a
Inter organizational setting is the existence of a clear defined knowledge sharing strategy. The
knowledge sharing strategy is based on the knowledge strategy of an organization. The knowledge
strategy is dedicated instrument used by business owners and their management teams to plan,
implement and control management actions concerning business relevant knowledge. The latter,
both as a resource and as a product, is having a growing impact on business success. The
knowledge strategy identifies which knowledge areas have an impact on the business, how strong
this impact is, which deficits there are in each of the knowledge areas in terms of proficiency,
codification and diffusion, and determines what the management feels itc an do in response to
these issues. (Hofer-Alfeis& von der Spek (2002), p. 25). Investigating Knowledge Sharing
Behavior in Academic Environment. Mr. Hisham Mallasi and Mr. Sulaiman Ainin (26 June 2015).
In study of people perception of knowledge sharing and management, Chowdhury, N. (2005, July
7-9). Knowledge sharing among academic staff part is described and took from Kamal, K. J.,
Manjit, S. S., & Gurvinder, K. S. (2007). Malaysia. UCSI JASA, 2, 23-29. Knowledge sharing
pattern Ting, J. Y., & Majid, M. S. (2007). Emerald Group Publishing, 56 (6), Riege (2005) noted
that the communication skills of employees play an important role on knowledge sharing behavior
Communication means share or exchange information by the use of body language and let other
know what knowledge that you have ( Al-Alawi, Al-Marzooqi, & Mohammed, 2007).
Organization hierarchy has a negative impact on knowledge sharing in an organization and it
is said that if an organization has an open culture and low hierarchy, knowledge sharing may
happen more between teams (Huotari & Iivonen, 2005)

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Methodology
This study utilizes a structured survey method. The survey questionnaire was created based on
non-probability convenience method. A structured closed end questionnaire with likert five point
scales was used for data collection. 5-point likert scale was used to measure the level of agreement
or disagreement: 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree, 4 = agree and
5 = strongly agree with the questions. Likert scale provides the opportunity to measure the
respondents’ ideas and convert them for statistical analysis.
The questionnaire is divided in five parts. The first part of the questionnaire is about personal
information such as gender, age, status, designation in the university, and whether they are from
private or public university. In the second part it is about the barriers towards knowledge sharing,
the third part is about strategies to encourage knowledge sharing, fourth part is about attitude
towards knowledge sharing, part five is about knowledge sharing behavior. The second part
contains 15 questions, third part contains 11, fourth part contains 7, and fifth part contains 8
questions. After the survey questions were written, the survey was first tested through interviews
with experts in constructing survey questionnaire for the content validity. During such interviews,
the interviewees were asked to provide suggestions and feedback to improve the clarity of the
survey and the questions were then refined based on the suggestions received.
Data Collection
We decide that we collect data from both sources like secondary and primary. For primary data
we collect data through interview from the students and Faculties of public and private universities.
We believe that we can get more appropriate and sufficient data what actually we need. And we
also took data from secondary sources like internet, newspaper, or other social media.

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Conceptual framework
The literal construct explains the relationship of knowledge sharing behavior with individual
barriers, organizational barriers and technological barriers. In our research model, Knowledge
sharing is dependent variable and Barrier, Strategies, Attitude are considered as our independent
variables. Our main topic for the research is “knowledge sharing barrier in higher education”.
Barrier
Strategies
Attitude
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Knowledge
Sharing
Behavior

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Questions:
Q1 .Is there any relationship between barrier and strategies?
Q2 .Is there any relationship strategies and attitude?
Q3 .Is there any relationship between attitude and behavior?
Q4 .Is there any relationship between Behavior and knowledge sharing?
Hypothesis:
H01: There is a relationship between barrier and strategies.
H02: There is a relationship strategies and attitude.
H03: There is a relationship between attitude and behavior.
H04: There is a relationship between Behavior and knowledge sharing.

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Research Design
1. Question Crystallization: The degree to which the research question has been
crystallization. This Research based on Formal Study. Because its begin with hypothesis
or question.
2. Data Collection Method: This research data is collected by “Communication Study”. In
communication method both party involved. In this research, undergraduate students
collected data from co-workers, Faculties and friends by distributing questionnaire among
them.
3. Experimental Effects: In this research we use experimental. Where the researcher attends
to control and/ or manipulate the variable in the study.
4. The purpose of the study: In this research descriptive purpose is used. Where research is
concerned with findings out who, what, where, what, when or how much.
5. Time Dimension: This research use Cross-sectional studies. Because some information
once collected cannot be collected a second time from the same person without the risk of
bias. These studies are carried out once and represent a snapshot of one point in time.
6. Topical Scope: Case Study. Because it places more emphasizes on a full contextual
analysis of fewer events or conditions and their interrelations. An emphasis on detail
provides valuable insight for problem solving, evaluation and strategy.
7. Research Environment: Field Condition. Designs also differ as to whether they occur
under actual environment conditions. To know the actual scenario of Knowledge sharing
8. Perceptual Awareness: Deviations perceived as researcher –induced. This perception
serves as a reminder to classify one’s study to type, to examine validation strengths and
weaknesses, and to be prepared to qualify results accordingly.

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
SAMPLING
 Unit: In this research the data will be collected by the undergraduate students from the
university. The participants are both male and female. Most of the respondents are under
30 years old and from both private and public university.
 Size: The sample size for the research study is 30. The data will be collected from people
who experienced the problems in the knowledge sharing.
 Procedure: The questionnaire will be distributed among the students to collect data using
convenience sampling process. Any undergraduate student from different discipline can
partake in the survey. The participants will be instructed regarding the process of the
survey. Respondents need to fill up the questionnaire in which they will express their
reactions following the Knowledge sharing
INSTRUMENTS

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Demographic Question: There are 3 demographic questions on our questionnaire.
Scale: We have used a five-point linker scale in our questionnaire.
There are five levels of measurement. (Strongly agree to strongly disagree). The detailed
table criteria are as follows:
Barriers to Knowledge Sharing: There are 15 questions under the variable
Strategies to encourage Knowledge Sharing: There are 11 questions under this variable
Attitude towards knowledge sharing: There are 8 questions under this variable
Knowledge Sharing Behavior: There are 8questions under this variable
DATA COLLECTION
1. Primary Data: We have used a survey over university students to collect primary data.
2. Secondary Data: We have collected secondary data from -
 One journals of Knowledge sharing
 Articles related to variables of journals &
 Internet.
Findings
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Strongly Disagree

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Reliability test Of Variable:
Scale: BARRIERS
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.670 15
Scale: STRATEGY
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.842 11
Scale: ATTIUDE
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.909 7

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Scale: BEHAVIOR
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
.908 8
Frequencies test among variable of participators.
GENDER:
Statistics
GENDER
N Valid 30
Missing 0
Mean 1.5333
Minimum 1.00
Maximum 2.00
GENDER
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid MALE 15 50.0 46.7 46.7
FEMAL
E
15 50.0 53.3 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
Missing System 0 0.00
Total 30 100.0

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
AGE:
Statistics
AGE
N Valid 30
Missing 0
Mean 1.0000
Minimum 1.00
Maximum 1.00
AGE
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 20-30 30 94.1 100.0 100.0
Missing System 1 5.9
Total 31 100.0
STATUS
Statistics
STATUS
N Valid 30
Missing 1
Mean 1.8125
Minimum 1.00
Maximum 2.00

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
STATUS
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid MARRIED 3 10 18.8 18.8
UNMARRIE
D
27 90 81.3 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
Missing System 0 0.00
Total 3 100.0
INSTITUTE
Statistics
INSTITUTE
N Valid 30
Missing 1
Mean 2.0000
Minimum 2.00
Maximum 2.00

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
INSTITUTE
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid PRIVATE
UNIVERSITY
30 100.0 100.0 100.0
Missing System 0 0.0
Total 30 100.0
Frequencies TESTING AMONG VARIABLS
Statistics
BARRIER
N Valid 30
Missing 0
Mean 42.5000
Std. Deviation 6.00000
Minimum 32.00
Maximum 58.00
Statistics
STRATEGY
N Valid 30
Missing 0
Mean 37.9375
Std. Deviation 6.89414
Minimum 26.00
Maximum 51.00

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Statistics
ATTITUDE
N Valid 30
Missing 0.0
Mean 24.3125
Std. Deviation 6.69048
Minimum 8.00
Maximum 33.00
Statistics
BEHAVIOR
N Valid 30
Missing 0
Mean 28.6250
Std. Deviation 5.95399
Minimum 11.00
Maximum 36.00
Correlations Among variables

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
BARRIER 42.5000 6.00000 30
STRATEGY 37.9375 6.89414 30
ATTITUDE 24.3125 6.69048 30
BEHAVIOR 28.6250 5.95399 30
Correlation analysis:
This analysis is used to illustrate the existing relationship among the study variables (Knowledge
sharing barrier, Strategies to encourage Knowledge Sharing, attitude towards knowledge sharing,
Behavior towards knowledge sharing). In the table below, the figures proves that all the variables
are significantly correlated showing results more than 1.
Here we found every variables are strongly connected with each other, measurement of scale of
correlation are given bellow.
0.00 to 0.2 is weak
0.3 to 0.5 is moderate
0.6 to 0.7 is strong

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
.8 to 1.00 is very strong…
If there is one * mark that is important and if tow * mark that is very important.
As we see most of our variable correlation ship are not only strong but also very strong.
Correlations
BARRIER
STRATEG
Y
ATTITUD
E
BEHAVIO
R
BARRIER Pearson Correlation 1 .272 .499* .515*
Sig. (2-tailed) .309 .049 .041
N 30 30 30 30
STRATEG
Y
Pearson Correlation .272 1 .528* .626**
Sig. (2-tailed) .309 .036 .009
N 30 30 30 30
ATTITUD
E
Pearson Correlation .499* .528* 1 .788**
Sig. (2-tailed) .049 .036 .000
N 30 30 30 30
BEHAVIO
R
Pearson Correlation .515* .626** .788** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .041 .009 .000
N 30 30 30 30
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Limitation:
1. We did not have enough time to conduct the survey. Because, we were given a limited
short span of time and we had to finish the study within that time period.
2. As we are students, many people did not take this research seriously. So we can’t collect
data properly.
3. We are now just doing our course on business research and for the first time we are doing
any research. That is why; we do not have any past experiences on doing research. But still
we have made it with the help of our course instructors and his lessons of throughout the
classes.
4. Unavailability to required published documents.

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Reference
Park and Im, (2003): Knowledge sharing means the process of transferring knowledge from a
person to another in organization
Hofer-Alfeis& von der Spek (2002): The identification of knowledge strategy . (pp. 25)
Mr. Hisham Mallasi and Mr. Sulaiman Ainin (26 June 2015): “Investigating Knowledge
Sharing Behavior in Academic Environment”.
Chowdhury, N. (2005, July 7-9): “In study of people perception of knowledge sharing and
management”
Kamal, K. J., Manjit, S. S., & Gurvinder, K. S. (2007): Knowledge sharing among academic
staff. UCSI JASA,vol- 2,pp 23-29.
Ting, J. Y., & Majid, M. S. (2007): Knowledge Sharing pattern.
Emerald Group Publishing, 56 (6), Riege (2005): “The communication skills of employees.”
Huotari & Iivonen, (2005): ). ”Organization hierarchy has a negative impact on knowledge
sharing in an organization and it is said that if an organization has an open culture and low
hierarchy, knowledge sharing may happen more between teams.”

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Independent University, Bangladesh.
Irene Y.L. Chan; Nian Shing Chen; Kinshuk (2009) Knowledge sharing behavior in virtual
learning. P 17-18
Ru- Chu- Shih and Shi Jer – Lou, Nov30 2011. The development and application of knowledge
sharing behavior model for Taiwanese junior high school English teacher. PP 7-9