Presentation of programming Languages

2.  Fahad Khan AU-038
 Abdul Aziz Khan AU-009
 Muhammad Saad AU-033
 Zaid Bin Mansoor AU-022
 Abdul Samad AU-033

3. 2
Computer
Programming

4.  Computer Programming involves writing instructions
and giving them to the computer to complete a task
 Computer Programs are also named as
Software.

5.  Well designed programs must be:
◦ Correct and accurate
◦ Easy to understand
◦ Easy to maintain and update
◦ Efficient
◦ Reliable
◦ flexible

6. LANGUAGES
Set of rules for
Computer to
perform tasks

7.  English is a natural language. It has words,
symbols and grammatical rules.
 A programming language also has words,
symbols and rules of grammar.
 The grammatical rules are called syntax.
 Each programming language has a different
set of syntax rules.

8. Machine
Language
Assembly
Language
High-Level
Language

9.  Writability
 Readability
 Reliability
 Maintainability
 Standardability

12. ◦ Correct and accurate
◦ Easy to understand
◦ Easy to maintain and update
◦ Efficient
◦ Reliable
◦ flexible

13. Source Code Compiler Object Code
Source Code Interpreter
Execute Program
Execute a line
of Program
Using Compiler:
Using Interpreter:

18.  Variables are names for memory locations.
 each memory location in a computer has an address.
 A programmer can use a variable to store the integer
value of a score received in a test.

20.  An expression is a sequence of operands and operators
that reduces to a single value.
 For example, the following is an expression with a value
of 13:
 An operator is a language-specific token that requires
an action to be taken. The most familiar operators are
drawn from mathematics

23. 1. Parenthesis
2. Exponentiation
3. Multiplication/Division
4. Addition/Subtraction

24.  3 * (6 + 2) / 12 – (7 – 5) ^ 2 * 3 ( ) first
 = 3 * 8 / 12 – 2 ^ 2 * 3 ^
next
 = 3 * 8 / 12 – 4 * 3
Mult/Div (L to R)
 = 24 / 12 – 4 * 3
Mult/Div (L to R)
 = 2 – 12
Add/Subtr
 = -10

26. HISTORY OF
PROGRAMMING
 C is a general-purpose language which has been closely
associated with the UNIX operating system for which
it was developed - since the system and most of the programs
that run it are written in C.
Many of the important ideas of C stem from the language BCPL,
developed by Martin Richards. The influence of BCPL on C
proceeded indirectly through the language B, which was written
by Ken Thompson in 1970 at Bell Labs, for the first UNIX system
on a DEC PDP-7.BCPL and B are "type less" languages whereas C
provides a variety of data types.

27. FIRST PROGRAM
 The first programming languages designed to
communicate instructions to a computer were
written in the 1950s. An early high-level programming language
to be designed for a computer was Plankalkül,
developed for the German Z3 by Konrad Zuse
between 1943 and 1945. However, it was not
implemented until 1998 and 2000.

28.  programming languages are used to make
Web Browsers Word Processor Games
File Sharing Programs

29.  If you are asking about different uses for
different languages, then here is a brief list:
C - good for embedded systems, micro-
controllers, or software that needs to interact
with devices and hardware on a lower level.
Operating systems often use C in parts of it.
It can be difficult to use at times. Compiled C
programs are often relatively small (in terms
of file size)... this makes it useful for micro-
controllers that have limited storage space.

30.  C++ - Good for general purpose
programming. Its built in library set is fairly
limited, compared to many modern
languages. (programming libraries are
functions and features that are pre-built and
provided to the programmer) However,
popular 3rd party API's and libraries are
readily available for free and can make up for
these short comings. C++ is fairly complex,
but has high performance and this makes it
good for large applications and games.

31.  Easy to learn and use. It also can use the .NET
framework/libraries which are extremely
useful for developing windows programs. It is
a high level language and its versatility is a
bit limited compared to languages like C++.
It also is not built for performance. It was
made to quickly and rapidly build relatively
small Windows applications. It can also be
used on web servers to create dynamic
websites.

32.  A strong general purpose language. It is a bit
slower than C++, but it has large libraries and
many features built in to it. Java programs can
run on all systems without being modified or re-
compiled. This portability is a major feature of
java. However, Java apps often use more memory
due to the way they run on a virtual machine,
instead of being directly executed. This also
slows the programs down a bit. It is a strong
general purpose language and I have seen fairly
large programs written in it. However, you will
not find high-performance apps written in Java.
While not the simplest of languages, it is still
relatively easy to learn for a programmer.

33.  It is kind of like microsoft's response to Java.
The style of programming is very similar to
java. It is not portable though. However, it
does allow use of the .NET
framework/libraries and it is more versatile
than Visual Basic. This makes it useful for
windows applications. It is also used on
Windows based web servers to make nice,
dynamic websites on the server side. I have
noticed that C# programs tend to use more
RAM.

34.  Easy for programmers to pick up. It is
primarily used as a server-side scripting
language to dynamically generate web pages.
It also works with common databases very
well. It is very common for web development,
but not used for much else.

35.  - VERY difficult to use, but it allows low level
programming. This makes it useful for
situations in which efficiency or low level
control is critical. This is not commonly used,
but you do see it used occasionally for small
bits in performance critical software and
operating systems. It is used a bit more for
micro controllers and embedded devices, but
C is still often better due to assembly's
difficulty.

36.  Often used as a beginner language. However
it is a fairly useful scripting language.
(scripting languages are not compiled directly
into machine code before they are run.
Instead they are converted as they are run). It
is not generally used for large apps, but it is
relatively easy to learn.

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