RM

1. Code: 15 RM ENGG 101
K L University
Pre-Ph.D Examination
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
SYLLABUS
[COMMON TO ALL ENGINEERING STREAMS INCLUDING BIOTECH & MCA]
UNIT I
Introduction: Definition and objectives of Research – Types of research, Various Steps in Research
process, Mathematical tools for analysis, Developing a research question-Choice of a problem
Literature review, Surveying, synthesizing, critical analysis, reading materials, reviewing, rethinking,
critical evaluation, interpretation, Research Purposes, Ethics in research – APA Ethics code.
UNIT II
Quantitative Methods for problem solving: Statistical Modeling and Analysis, Time Series
Analysis
Probability Distributions, Fundamentals of Statistical Analysis and Inference, Multivariate methods,
Concepts
of Correlation and Regression, Fundamentals of Time Series Analysis and Spectral Analysis, Error
Analysis,
Applications of Spectral Analysis.
UNIT III
Tabular and graphical description of data: Tables and graphs of frequency data of one variable,
Tables and graphs that show the relationship between two variables , Relation between frequency
distributions and other graphs, preparing data for analysis
UNIT IV
Soft Computing: Computer and its role in research, Use of statistical soft ware SPSS, GRETL etc in
research. Introduction to evolutionary algorithms - Fundamentals of Genetic algorithms, Simulated
Annealing, Neural Network based optimization, Optimization of fuzzy systems.
UNIT V
Structure and Components of Research Report, Types of Report, Layout of Research Report,
Mechanism of writing a research report, referencing in academic writing.
Text Books
1. C.R. Kothari, Research Methodology Methods and Techniques, 2/e, Vishwa Prakashan, 2006
2. Donald H.McBurney, Research Methods, 5
th
Edition, Thomson Learning, ISBN:81-315-0047-
0,2006
Reference Books
1. Donald R. Cooper, Pamela S. Schindler, Business Research Methods, 8/e, Tata McGraw-Hill Co.
Ltd., 2006.
2. Fuzzy Logic with Engg Applications, Timothy J.Ross, Wiley Publications, 2nd Ed[d]
3. Simulated Annealing: Theory and Applications (Mathematics and Its Applications, by P.J. van
Laarhoven &
E.H. Aarts[e]
4. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning by David E. Goldberg

2. KL University
Pre-Ph.D Examination
Research Methodology
[COMMON TO ALL ENGINEERING STREAMS INCLUDING BIOTECH & MCA]
Model Question paper
Time: 3 hrs Max Marks: 100
Answer any five questions:
1. a) There are various steps involved in research process and they vary based on the research problem.
Explain the steps involved in the research process keeping in mind the contexts of the research
problem.
b) Define research and discuss the objectives of research in detail.
a) Synthesizing and critical analysis of a problem are two important phases of research – Justify.
b) “Ethics in research is the need of the hour”. Justify the statement.
2. a) Differentiate between the descriptive and analytical research methods.
b) Statistical Analysis and modeling plays a vital role in research –Justify
3. a) Explain the discrete probability distribution with an example.
b) Define multivariate analysis and give any four examples.
4. The heights in inches of 30 students are as follows:
66, 68, 65, 70, 67, 64, 68, 64, 66, 64, 70, 72, 71, 69, 69, 64, 67, 63, 70, 71, 63, 68, 67, 65, 69, 65,
67, 66, 69, 67
Prepare a frequency distribution table showing relative frequency, cumulative frequency
and percent frequencies.
5. a) Discuss the role of computer in research.
b) Explain soft computing and learning in fuzzy systems with appropriate diagram.
6. a) Explain the steps involved in simulated annealing algorithm.
b) Explain Genetic Algorithm.
7. a) Mention the different types of reports, particularly pointing out the difference between a
technical report and a popular report.
b) Describe, in brief the layout of a research report, covering all relevant points.
8. a) Mention the different types of reports, particularly pointing out the difference between a technical report
and a popular report.
b) Describe, in brief the layout of a research report, covering all relevant points.

3. Code: 15 RM SCI 102
K L University
Pre-Ph.D. Examination
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
SYLLABUS
[COMMON TO MATHS, PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY]
Unit - I INTRODUCTION TO METHODOLOGY:
Format of thesis and dissertation, Research article, Reviews, Monographs, Bibliography, Literature
search, Significance of research, Research methods versus methodology, Research and Scientific
methods, Defining the research Problem and Research design.
Unit-II Quantitative Methods for Problem Solving:
Introduction to Statistical Modeling and Analysis, Concepts of Correlation and Regression, Fundamentals
of Time Series Analysis and Spectral Analysis, Error Analysis, Applications of Spectral Analysis.
UNIT III : Physical Statistical Methods
Definition and Scope; Types of data; Collection and presentation of Data (Tables, Graphs,
Diagrams); Measure of Central Tendency; Dispersion; Goodness of fit (X2 Test).
UNIT IV: Sampling Fundamentals:
Census and sample Survey, Steps in sample design, Different types sample design, Selection of a random
sample, Estimation, Estimating the population mean and population proportion.
Unit-V : Interpretation and Report Writing:
Meaning of interpretation; Techniques of interpretation; Precautions in Interpretation; Significance
of Report writing; Different steps in Report writing; Layout of Research Project; Types of Reports;
Patent writing and filing and Oral presentation.
Text Books:
1. Kothari, C.R; II ed. (2006), Research Methodology, Methods and techniques; New Age
Internartional (p) Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi. :
2. Kumar K. L.' (1997), Educational Technology, New Age International (P) Ltd., New
Delhi.
References:
1. Donald R. Cooper,Pamela S. etc., Business Research Methods,8
th
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Co.Ltd.2006
2. Tony Bates A.W. Technology, (2005), e-Learning and Distance Education, New York

4. K L University
Pre-Ph.D. Examination
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
[COMMON TO MATHS, PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY]
Model Paper
Max Duration: 3hrs Max Marks: 100
Answer any FIVE questions: (5x20)
1. (a) What is research problem? Define the main issues which should receive the attention of
the researcher in formulating the research problem. Give suitable examples.
(b) Discuss the format of thesis and dissertation.
2 (a) What is time series? Explain various components of time series.
(b) Fit a straight line traced by the method of least squares for the following data.
Year : 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Production (in 1000 of tons): 77 88 94 85 91 98 100
3. (a) What are the various types of graphs used for presenting a frequency distribution?
(b) Explain the different ways of presenting the data.
4. (a) Describe the steps in sample design.
(b) A random sample of 200 measurements from an infinite population gave a mean value of 50 and a
standard deviation of 9. Determine the 95% confidence interval for the mean value of the population.
5. What is meant by report? What are various stages of writing report?
6. (a) Distinguish between correlation and regression.
(b) Ten students got the following percentage of marks in the course principles of Economics and
Statistics.
Roll No. : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Marks in Economics: 78 36 98 25 75 82 90 62 65 39
Marks in Statistics : 84 51 91 60 68 62 86 58 53 47
Calculate the coefficient of Correlation.
7. (a)The following information is obtained concerning an investigation of 50 ordinary shops of small
size.
Shops Total
In town In villages
Run by Men 17 18 35
Run by Women 3 12 15
Total 20 30 50
Can it be inferred that shops run by women are relatively more in villages than in towns? Use ψ
2
test (ψ
2
value for one degree of freedom at 5% level of significance is 3.84)
(b) Discuss the characterization of materials by various spectroscopic techniques.
8. Explain the following terms.
a) Research reviews b) Monographs c) Census and sample survey d) Applications of spectra
Analysis.

5. Code: 15 RM ENSS 103
KL University
Pre-Ph.D Examination
Research Methodology
Syllabus
[COMMON TO ALL ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION & SOFT SKILLS]
UNIT – A INTRODUCTION (common to all)
1. Philosophy & Meaning of Research
2. Nature of Inquiry in the Physical Sciences & Social Sciences- a comparison
3. The Researcher – his temperament & qualities
4. The Identification of the Research problem: the definition of the problem
5. Literature survey: the search for facts; the verification of facts; the analysis of
evidence; truth & causation; Sources of prejudice and bias.
6. Library references schemes; Note making, Internet.
7. The structure of a thesis.
8. Foot – notes, Diagrams, Bibliographies, Index, Quotation & Translation.
9. Language & style in the thesis.
10. Preparation of Manuscripts & Type scripts, Proof-reading
Books prescribed
1. G. Watson. The Literary Thesis
2. F.W. Batson – The Scholar-Critic
3. Altick – The Art of Literary Research
4. Joseph Gibaldi- Hand Book for Writers of Research Papers recent edition.
UNIT-B LITERARY THEORY (For Research in Literature)
1. Nature of Creativity, imagination & Invention
2. Literature as an Art Form: Literature and the other Arts.
3. Pure Literature, Literature & Society.
4. Literary Terms: Image, Metaphor, Symbol & Myth.
5. Literary Movements, their Influences: Romanticism & Classicism, Realism,
Naturalism, Symbolism, Expressionism, Impressionism, Imagism.
6. Modern Literary trends;
Modernism, & Postmodernism, Post colonialism, Structuralism & Post
structuralism, Feminist Criticism, New Historicism & Cultural Materialism,
Marxism, Linguisties, Semiotics, Hermeneutics.
7. Comparative Literature
Books Prescribed
1. Wellek & warren. The Theory of Literature
2. Peter Barry Beginning Theory
3. Hans Breten-Basics of Literary Theory.
4. K.M. Newton- 20
th
Century Literary Theory

6. UNIT-C LANGUAGE STUDIES (For Research in Language)
1. Nature & Scope of Linguistics
2. Branches of Linguistics – Phonetics & Phonology, Lexis, Syntax, Semantics
3. Language Variation – Registers, Dialects, Styles
4. Fundamentals of Language Teaching – aims, objectives, methods , materials
5. Evaluation, First & Second Language
6. Major approaches and Methods of Language teaching
7. Use of Technology for language teaching
Books Prescribed
1. John Lyons. New horizons in Linguistics
2. Jack Richards & Theodore Rodgers. 2001. Approaches and Methods
in Language Teaching CUP.
3. M.L.Tickoo. 2003. Teaching and Learning English. Orient Longman.
4. Gavin Dudeney. 2007. The internet in the Language Classroom: A Practical
Guide for Teachers. CUP.

7. KL University
Pre-Ph.D Examination
Research Methodology
[COMMON TO ALL ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION & SOFT SKILLS]
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
Time: 3 hours Marks : 100
Answer FIVE questions choosing at least THREE questions from Unit – I. Candidates in the area of
Literature should answer TWO Questions from Unit – II – Literary Theory, while those in the area
of Language Studies should answer TWO questions from UNIT – III- Language Studies. UNIT-1 is
Compulsory.
ALL QUESTIONS CARRY EQUAL MARKS
UNIT – I
1. What is literary research? Elucidate its characteristics.
2. How do you identify a research Problem? Discuss the steps involved in the investigation
process.
3. “The first stage in research is discovering where to look for information and opinions on
your topic” Discuss.
4. “The more you know about the library and the materials and services it provides, the more
successful you will be in gathering information and ideas for your research paper”.
Discuss.
5. Write short notes on any four of the following
a) Working Bibliography
b) Taking Notes
c) Avoiding Plagiarism
d) Deductive Method
e) Language and style in a thesis
UNIT – II
1. How do you distinguish between Modernism and Post – modernism?
2. Illustrate the importance and use of image and metaphor in poetry.
3. “The relationship of literature with fine arts and music is various and complex”. Discuss.
4. Trace the evolution of Feminist criticism touching its main qualities.
5. Write short notes on any four of the following.
a) Functions of literature
b) Nature of Literary Theory.
c) Myth and Modern Literature
d) Symbolism
e) Expressionism
f) Romanticism
g) Realism
h) Linguistics

8. UNIT – III
1. What are the different branches of Linguistics? Explain with examples.
2. Write an essay on varieties of Language.
3. How does Communicative Language Teaching differ from the Audio lingual Method?
4. Discuss how technology can aid Language Teaching.
5. Write Short notes on any four of the following.
a) Direct Method
b) Langue and Parole.
c) Testing & Evaluation
d) Sociolinguistics
e) Structural Linguistics.
f) Psycholinguistics
g) Task – based Approach

9. Code: 15 RM MGMT 104
KL UNIVERSITY
PRE-PH.D EXAMINATION
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY SYLLABUS
[COMMON TO MANAGEMENT & COMMERCE]
UNIT-I : Fundamentals of Research
Definition and Objectives of Research – Types of Research: Qualitative vs Quantitative
Research-The Scientific Research Process- Meaning of research problems, sources of research
problems, characteristics of good research problems- Identification, Selection and Formulation of
research problem- Review of literature- Identification of sources for review of literature-
Formulation of Hypothesis.
Unit-II: Measurement and Research Design:
Levels of Measurement in research: Four Levels of Measurement- Research Design: Meaning
need and features of good research design. Types of Research Designs - Basic Principles of
Experimental Designs, Design of Experiments- Sampling Designs: Census and Sample surveys,
Different types of sample designs, characteristics of good sample design. Techniques of selecting a
random sample- Measuring attitudes: construction of Likert and Semantic Differential scales.
Unit III : Data Collection and Analysis
Primary and secondary data: Methods of collecting primary data: observation,
Interview, questionnaire and schedule; Sources of secondary data - Processing of data:
Editing,coding and classification of data- Data analysis: Univaariate analysis, Bivariate analysis:
correlation, Regression-
linear and Logistic Regression-Association of attributes-Factor analysis-
Fundamentals of Time Series Analysis-Use of SPSS in data analysis.
Unit IV: Testing of hypothesis.
Hypothesis Testing and estimation: Fundamentals of hypothesis testing- Parametric Tests:
Testing of significance mean, proportion, variance and correlation-Testing for significance of
difference between means, proportions, variances and correlation coefficients- Important non-
parametric tests: Sign, Run and Mann – Whitney tests- ANOVA and Chi-Square Tests.
Unit V: Research For Business Decisions
Business Decisions: Concepts and process - Research as a decision support system- Research and
Marketing Decisions: New product development research- Research on brand equity and
preferences- Research on pricing strategies- Research for personnel decisions: research on:
effectiveness of different sources of recruitment and training, employee motivation, job
satisfaction. Research for Capital Market Decisions: Research for primary market – Trends and
determinants.
Cluster analysis,

10. Reference Books:
1. William G. Zikmund: Business Research Methods, Cengage, 2006.
2. Alan Bryman, Emma Bell: Business Research Methods, 3/e, 2011, Oxford University
Press.
3. C.R Kothari: Research Methodology 2/e, New Age International, 2006.
4. Donald R. Cooper, Pamela S. Schindler: Business Research Methods, 8/e, TMH, 2009.
5. Richard I Levin & David S.Rubin: Statistics for Management, 7/e. Pearson, 2008.
6. Dipak Kumar.Bhattacharya: Research Methodology, Excel Books, 2009.
7. Rajendra Naragundkar : Marketing Research, Text and Cases, Mc Graw Hill, 2008.
8. Krishnaswamy, K.N., Sivakumar, Appa Iyer and Mathiranjan M. (2006), Management Research
Methodology; Integration of Principles, Methods and Techniques (Pearson Education, New
Delhi).
Reference Journals
1. Journal of Accounting and Business Research.
2. Journal of Marketing Research.
3. Journal of Business Research.
4. Journal of Consumer Research
5. Harvard Business Review

11. KL University
Pre-Ph.D Examination
Research Methodology
[COMMON TO MANAGEMENT & COMMERCE]
Model Paper
Time allotted: 3 hours. Maximum Marks:100
Answer any five questions, Each question carries twenty marks (5 x 20 =100).
1. a) Define Research and explain how qualitative research differs from quantitative
research.
b) What is a research problem? Define the main issues which should receive the
attention of the researcher in formulating the research problem. Give suitable
examples to support your answer.
2. a) Describe some of the important research designs used in experimental hypothesis
testing research study.
b) What is meant by measurement in research ? What difference does it make
whether we measure in terms of nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio scale ? Explain
giving examples.
3. a) If you are conducting an interview survey of around 500 respondents in Hyderabad,
what type of probability sampling you choose and why?
b) What is Likert’s Scale ? Why it is used? How to construct it ? Explain.
4. a) What is the purpose of a questionnaire ? Why are closed questions are preferred
to open ended questions in survey research ?
b) What is the role of SPSS in data analysis?
5. a) What is meant by processing of data? What are the vrious steps in data
processing?
b) What is Logistic Regression? When is it used ? Describe the syntax of logistic
regression in SPSS.
6. a) What is meant by testing of hypothesis? Draw a flow chart for executing
hypothesis testing procedure with a suitable example.
b) What are the vrious components of a time series data ? Explain a technique
for smoothing time series data.
7. a) As per theory the proportion of beans, in the four groups A,B,C, D should be 9:3:3:1. In
an experiment among 1600 beans, the number in the four groups were 882, 313,287
and 118. Does the experimental result support the theory? Apply χ
2
test .
b) A sample of 400 males is found to have a mean height of 67.47 inches. Can it be
reasonably regarded as a sample from a large population with a mean height of 67.39
inches and S.D of 1.3 inches ? . Test at 5% level of significance.
8. a) Develop the management-research question hierarchy, citing management
dilemma, management question and research questions, citing some examples.
b) Suggest a research strategy for identifying the employee motivating factors in a MNC.