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1. Longitudes

2. Lattitudes

3. Globes
A globe is a small model of the Earth. It shows the shape and
location of continents, oceans, countries and important cities.
Geographers and cartographers developed important things
like the globe. The Earth is roughly spherical in shape. It
rotates on its axis and it is tilted at an angle of 23 ½º.The
northern point of the axis is called the North Pole and is
marked as 90 ºN and the southern point of the axis is called
the south pole and is marked as 90º S. The imaginary line that
divides the earth into two halves is called the Equator.

4. Parallels of
Latitude
An imaginary horizontal line drawn on the Earth running parallel to the
Equator. These are called the parallels of latitudes and they run parallel
to each other. They have equal distance between them. The length of
these lines are keep decreasing as we move from the equator towards the
poles. The distance around the Earth is measured in degrees(º)and the
lattitudes are numbered from 0º to 90º. The Equator is the 0º latitude.
The letter N or S, indicates whether they are located in the Northern
Hemisphere or Southern Hemisphere. There are in total 180 Prarallels
of latitude.

5. ImportantLattitudes
Equator – It is the biggest lattitude. It divides the earth into two
halves and it is the 0º lattitude.
Tropic of Cancer – It is located in the Northern Hemisphere,
this lattitude is marked as 23½º N from the Equator.
Tropic of Capricorn – It is located in the Southern Hemisphere,
this lattitude is marked as 23½º S from the Equator.
Arctic circle – It is located in the Northern Hemisphere, this
lattitude is marked as 66½º N from the Equator.
Antarctic circle – It is located in the Southern Hemisphere, this
lattitude is marked as 66½º S from the Equator.

6. Longitudes

7. Meridians Of Longitudes
• Longitudes are imaginary lines which are drawn vertically from
the North pole to the South pole. The line which passes through
Greenwich is the most important longitude and is marked as zero
degrees. It is called the Prime Meridian. There are 180 longitudes
on either of the Prime Meridian. There are360 longitude in total.
The distance between the longitudes is maximum at the Equator
and minimum at poles. Longitude are marked as 180º West and
180º East of the Prime Meridian and They are never parallel to
each other and all of them have same length.

8. Important Meridians
• The Meridian of 180º is designed as international Date Line. The
International Date Line is an imaginary line on the surface of the earth
that runs from the North pole to the South pole and indicates the change
of one calendar day to the next. It is drawn through the middle of the
pacific ocean in a zig – zag manner so that it does not cut through the few
countries that falls in its path. The time which is calculated using the
Prime Meridian is called the Greenwich Mean Time or GMT. In India,
82º 33’ E longitude passes through the middle of our country Allahabad.
The time of this longitude is followed in our country and is refereed as
India Standard Time.

9. Difference Between Lattitudes and
Longitudes
Lattitudes
These Imaginary line never
meet as they are parallel to each
other.
These lines have equal distance
between them.
Latitudes are numbered from
0º to 0º N or S of the Equator
The size of these lattitudes
decrease as we go towards the
poles.
Longitudes
These imaginary line converge at
the poles.
Longitudes are closet to each
other at the poles and farthest at
the Equator.
Longitudes are numbered from
0º to 180º E or W of the Prime
Meridian
All longitudes are of same length.