Earth and Life Science Grade 11 Senior High School

1. Minerals

2. Geosphere

3. What are MINERALS?
Defined as naturally occurring,
inorganic solid with a definite
chemical composition, and an
ordered chemical structure.
Every mineral is unique

4. There are about 3000 known minerals
Minerals are made of elements (either a single
element or a combination of elements)
Examples of Minerals
Native elements such as gold, a mineral made of
one element (gold…Au)
Compounds such as calcite, a mineral made of 3
elements (calcium, carbon, and
oxygen…CaCO3)

5. 
rutile

6. Naturally
Occurring
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7. Inorganic
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8. Solid
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9. Definite
Chemical
Composition

10. Ordered Internal
Structure
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11. Composition of
Minerals
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12. Silicates
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13. Oxides
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14. Sulfides
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15. Sulfates
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16. Halides
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17. Carbonates
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18. Native Metals
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19. Crystal Structure
of Minerals

20. Physical
Properties of
Minerals

21. Crystal form and Habit
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22. Cleavage and
Fracture
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23. Color and Streak
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24. Diaphaneity/
amount of
transparency
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25. Luster
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26. Hardness
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27. Tenacity

28. Brittleness – a mineral turns to
powder

29. Malleability – a
mineral can be
flattened using a
hammer

30. Ductility – a mineral can be
stretched into wires

31. Flexible but inelastic – a
mineral can be stretched
but they remain in its
new position
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32. Flexible and elastic – a
mineral can be bent and
goes back to its original
shape or position

33. Sectility – a mineral
can be sliced by a knife

34. Density
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35. Other
properties
Magnetism Taste
Effervescence Feel

36. Special Characteristics--
the “Acid Test” / Effervescence

37. Special Characteristics--
Salty Taste
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38. Special Characteristics--
Magnetism
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39. Common Rock-Forming Minerals