This document discusses variables in research and their different types. It defines a variable as something that can change or differ, and identifies three main types of variables: independent variables, which are manipulated by the researcher; dependent variables, which are influenced by the independent variables; and extraneous variables, which are extra factors that could influence results but are not the focus. It provides examples of identifying different variables and assessing variable types in research studies.

1. RESEARCH
VARIABLES AND
THEIR USES

2. WHAT IS A VARIABLE?
it comes from the root
word "vary" which
means to undergo
changes or to differ
from

3. VARIABLE
•refers to the changing
qualities or
characteristics of
persons or things

4. MINUTE TO WIN IT
• List down as
many
variables
that you can
think of

5. KINDS OF VARIABLES
1. Independent Variable (IV)
2. Dependent Variable (DV)
3. Extraneous Variable (EV)

7. HOW TO IDENTIFY THE
VARIABLE
•Is this variable
manipulated by the
researcher?
Yes - Independent Variable
No - Dependent Variable

8. •Does this variable cause
an outcome?
Yes - Independent
Variable
No - Dependent Variable

9. •Is this variable the result
of another variable?
Yes - Dependent Variable
No - Independent Variable

10. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
•those variables
suspected to be the
cause in a causal
relationship

11. DEPENDENT VARIABLES
•those that are
influenced by the
independent
variables

12. What is the IV?
What is the DV?

13. EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE
•any extra factor that
may influence the
outcome of the
experiment though it
is not the focus

14. Examples:
• aspects of the environment
(room temperature, noise
level, light level)
• participant characteristics
• test operator or experimenter
behavior during the test

15. •Confounding variables
can affect how IV acts
on DV which can lead
to a false result or
effect on DV

16. ASSESSMENT
•Identify the independent
variable (IV), dependent
variable (DV), and
extraneous variable (EV)
in the following:

17. 1. physical activity on weight
loss among males aged 30-
40 years old
IV:
DV:
EV:

18. 2. relationship of income to
educational level of workers
in the sugar company
IV:
DV:
EV:

19. 3. amount of time spent
studying and test score of
senior high school students
IV:
DV:
EV:

20. 4. relationship between the
number of hours spent in
the game and the Mobile
Legend ranking among
gamers
IV:
DV:
EV:

21. 5. A study conducted to
investigate the effect of
stress on the mental
health of students
DV:
IV:
EV: