french revolution, reign of terror, history, france, ncert, cbse

1. The reign
of terror
As taken by Elwin Binu

2. The reign of
Terror
Introduction
01
Radical
Practices
03
Robespierre
02
Aftermath
04

3. Introduction
01

4. 1793 - 1794
It was a period of intense political and
social activity in France. The period from
1793 to 1794 is referred to as the Reign
of Terror. People whom Robespierre saw
enemies of the republic were arrested,
imprisoned and then tried by a
revolutionary tribunal. If they were
declared guilty by the court then they
were guillotined.

5. Causes of the
uprising

6. Process Of The Old Hierarchy
The king, who claimed to rule the
country absolutely by divine right, or
the will of God. All the people of
France were his subjects, and he
held the power of law in his person.
Monarch
Nobles were people with hereditary
titles like duke, count, viscount, baron,
and chevalier. Some noble families
came from a military background,
stretching back to the days of the
medieval knights.
Nobility
The Catholic Church. France was a
Catholic country to the core, and the
Church was in charge of the nation's
religious life as well as charitable
works, education, and record
keeping.
The Clergy
The common people. While this
class made up about 96% of the
population, even it was divided.
People

7. The Jacobins and Girondists
Jacobins
As compared with the Girondists, the Jacobins
were men of rougher stamp, occasionally
ill-educated, coarse and unscrupulous. In
some cases, they were cruel. In many
cases, they were corrupt. However, they
were practical and alert politicians who
were prepared to run great risks. They
were merciless to their enemies, but were
prepared to suffer themselves if they were
defeated.
According to the Jacobins, all powers and rights
resided in the people and the law and
government must give way before them.
Girondists
The Girondists had the majority and the
Jacobins were in a minority. The Girondists were
so-called from the district of Gironde from which
many of their leaders came.
On the whole, they were men of high intellectual
calibre, education and refinement. They were
honest and decent.
Their intentions were pure. They were not
unscrupulous in their methods. They were
moderates. They had a sense of restraint and loved
order. They stood for a Republican form of
government.
It has already been pointed out that the two parties which were prominent in the Legislative Assembly in 1791
were the Girondists and the Jacobins.

8. Robespierre
02

9. Maximilien Robespierre
“The secret of freedom lies in
educating people, whereas
the secret of tyranny is in
keeping them ignorant”

10. Maximilien François Marie Isidore de
Robespierre; (6 May 1758 – 28 July
1794) was a French lawyer and
statesman who was one of the best-
known and most influential figures of
the French Revolution. As a member of
the Constituent Assembly and the
Jacobin Club, he campaigned for
universal manhood suffrage and the
abolition both of celibacy for the clergy,
and slavery.
Maximilien
Robespierre

11. Radical
Practices
03

12. The Reign of Terror was a dark and violent
period of time during the French Revolution.
Radicals took control of the revolutionary
government. They arrested and executed
anyone who they suspected might not be loyal
to the revolution.
During the Reign of Terror, France was ruled
by a group of men called the Committee of
Public Safety. The leader of this group was a
man named Robespierre. Robespierre was
also the leader of a radical group called the
Jacobins. The Jacobins felt that it was their
duty to preserve the revolution, even if it
meant violence and terror.
A dark and
violent period

13. Robespierre’s radical movements
“Equality rations”
Meat and bread were
rationed. Expensive white
flour was forbidden to
use. Introduction of the pain
d’ égalité.
Guillotine
‘enemies’ of the republic –
like clergymen and ex-nobles
were sent off to be
guillotined in public. The
guillotine is a device
consisting of two poles and a
blade with which a person is
beheaded, named after Dr
Guillotine.
New social class
All French men and women
were addressed as Citoyen
and Citoyenne (Citizen). The
traditional monsieur and
madame were prohibited to
use.
01 02 03

14. People were officially executed
in France.
17, 000
People were officially executed
in Paris.
2,639
People were arrested.
200,000
Some numbers

15. The guillotine
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin

16. Aftermath
04

17. Revelation
As the bloodshed and executions of the
Terror became worse, many people
realized that it could not continue.
Enemies of Robespierre organized to
overthrow him. On July 27, 1794, he
was removed from power and the Reign
of Terror was over. He was executed the
next day.

18. Thank you
@all!