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Stratovolcano
A stratovolcano,alsoknownasa composite volcano,[1] isaconical volcanobuiltupby manylayers
(strata) of hardened lava,tephra,pumice,andvolcanicash.Unlike shieldvolcanoes,stratovolcanoesare
characterizedbya steepprofile andperiodic explosiveeruptions andeffusive eruptions,althoughsome
have collapsedcraterscalled calderas.The lavaflowingfromstratovolcanoestypicallycoolsandhardens
before spreadingfardue to highviscosity.The magmaformingthislavaisoften felsic,havinghigh-to-
intermediate levelsof silica(asinrhyolite,dacite,orandesite),withlesseramountsof less-viscousmafic
magma.Extensive felsiclavaflowsare uncommon,buthave travelledasfaras 15 km (9.3 mi).[2]
Stratovolcanoesare sometimescalled"composite volcanoes"because of theircomposite layered
structure builtupfrom sequential outpouringsof eruptive materials.Theyare amongthe mostcommon
typesof volcanoes,incontrastto the lesscommonshieldvolcanoes.Twofamousstratovolcanoesare
Krakatoa,bestknownforits catastrophiceruptionin1883 and Vesuvius,famousforits destructionof
the townsPompeii andHerculaneumin79AD. Botheruptionsclaimedthousandsof lives.
Shieldvolcano
A shieldvolcanois a type of volcanousuallybuiltalmostentirelyof fluidlavaflows.Theyare namedfor
theirlarge size andlow profile,resemblingawarrior'sshield lyingonthe ground.Thisiscausedbythe
highlyfluidlavatheyerupt,whichtravelsfartherthanlavaeruptedfrom stratovolcanoes.Thisresultsin
the steadyaccumulationof broadsheetsof lava,buildingupthe shieldvolcano'sdistinctive form.Shield
volcanoescontainlow viscosity magma,whichgivesthemflowing maficlava.
Cindercone
A cindercone or scoria cone isa steepconical hill of tephra(volcanicdebris)thataccumulatesaround
and downwindfromavolcanicvent
Photos:
cider shield
composite
there are also volcanounderthe seabecause theyare alsointhe pacificringof fire.

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Stratovolcanoes: Composite Volcanoes Built in Layers

  • 1. Stratovolcano A stratovolcano,alsoknownasa composite volcano,[1] isaconical volcanobuiltupby manylayers (strata) of hardened lava,tephra,pumice,andvolcanicash.Unlike shieldvolcanoes,stratovolcanoesare characterizedbya steepprofile andperiodic explosiveeruptions andeffusive eruptions,althoughsome have collapsedcraterscalled calderas.The lavaflowingfromstratovolcanoestypicallycoolsandhardens before spreadingfardue to highviscosity.The magmaformingthislavaisoften felsic,havinghigh-to- intermediate levelsof silica(asinrhyolite,dacite,orandesite),withlesseramountsof less-viscousmafic magma.Extensive felsiclavaflowsare uncommon,buthave travelledasfaras 15 km (9.3 mi).[2] Stratovolcanoesare sometimescalled"composite volcanoes"because of theircomposite layered structure builtupfrom sequential outpouringsof eruptive materials.Theyare amongthe mostcommon typesof volcanoes,incontrastto the lesscommonshieldvolcanoes.Twofamousstratovolcanoesare Krakatoa,bestknownforits catastrophiceruptionin1883 and Vesuvius,famousforits destructionof the townsPompeii andHerculaneumin79AD. Botheruptionsclaimedthousandsof lives. Shieldvolcano A shieldvolcanois a type of volcanousuallybuiltalmostentirelyof fluidlavaflows.Theyare namedfor theirlarge size andlow profile,resemblingawarrior'sshield lyingonthe ground.Thisiscausedbythe highlyfluidlavatheyerupt,whichtravelsfartherthanlavaeruptedfrom stratovolcanoes.Thisresultsin the steadyaccumulationof broadsheetsof lava,buildingupthe shieldvolcano'sdistinctive form.Shield volcanoescontainlow viscosity magma,whichgivesthemflowing maficlava. Cindercone A cindercone or scoria cone isa steepconical hill of tephra(volcanicdebris)thataccumulatesaround and downwindfromavolcanicvent Photos: cider shield
  • 2. composite there are also volcanounderthe seabecause theyare alsointhe pacificringof fire.