In this study, biosand filters were fabricated and used for treatment of bathroom and kitchen wastewater. Final aim was to treat water and make it suitable for irrigation and other non potable usages.
2. Content
• Introduction of Grey water, Biosand filters & research problem
• Objectives of study
• Literature Reviews
• Methodology
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgement
3. Aim and objectives of the study
Aim: Recycling waste water from bathrooms and kitchen of a small
family.
Objectives:
– Collecting real time grey water from bathrooms and kitchen.
– Use of coagulants to remove maximum of suspended and dissolv
ed impurities.
– Testing influent water quality in terms of pH, TDS, TSS, DO, CO
D, conductivity.
– Fabrication of biosand filters
– Run the experiment, collect effluent water and test all parameters
– Analyse the result.
7. BioSand Filteration
Bio-sand filter is an adaptation of the traditional slow
sand filter. It is designed in such a way that it can be built
on a smaller scale and can be operated intermittently
(Omills, 2011).
The sand removes pathogens &
suspended solids from water.
A biological community of
bacteria and other micro-organi
sms grows in the top 2 cm
of sand.
This is called the biolayer.
9. Literature Reviews
• Shegokar et al., 2015) had designed a low cost system for recycling g
rey water collected from bathrooms, washings and sinks by using sim
ple, low cost and readily available materials and to examine the efficie
ncy of various filter media. He recorded reduction of 6.25%, 93%, 90
%, 48%, 44, 44% in TDS, TSS, Turbidity, Total hardness, BOD, and C
OD respectively.
• (Gross et al., 2007) had removed the chemical and biological contami
nants from grey water collected from three resources (laundry, kitchen
and bath) by using recycled vertical flow bioreactor.
10. Literature Reviews
• Grey water is a sustainable source of wastewater that can be used in
order to avoid water scarcity. ( Yadav et al., 2015), developed a horizo
ntal flow filter set-up filled with low cost filter media to treat grey water
collected from a hostel.
Parameters Raw water Settled water
Turbidity (NTU) 88.15 ± 19.37 59.53 ± 16.5
BOD (mg/l) 116.70 ± 21.98 93.63 ± 14.37
COD (mg/l) 149.44 ± 16.76 115.98 ± 20.55
Total Solids (mg/L) 530.77 ± 77.40 507.88 ± 91.33
TDS (mg/L) 428.24 ± 76.02 407.78 ± 77.52
TSS (mg/l) 102.53 ± 62 100.1 ± 59.17
11. Methodology
• Materials: All chemicals were collected from CCE lab and were LR gra
de only.
• pH: tested by digital pH meter
• COD: was tested by colorimetric technique
• DO: was tested by meter.
• TDS: was tested by standard procedure
• Conductivity: was tested by meter.
• Turbidity: was tested by colorimetric technique
12. Fabrication of Biosand Filter
• The sand and gravels were collected from civil engineering laboratory
in Caledonian college of engineering.
• The sand was sieved to remove coarse and unwanted particles by usi
ng the sieving machine, two sizes have been chosen 300 and 75 μ.
• It is collected and washed by tap water and finally by distilled water &
exposed to the sun for dry and natural disinfection.
• The small gravels were washed also by tap water followed by distilled
water and allowed to dry in Sun light.
13. Fabrication of Biosand Filter
• The outer shell of the bio-sand filter was made by the use of a plastic
container with a height of 23 cm and diameter of 10 cm.
• The bio-sand filter has been constructed by combining different layers
of sand and gravels.
• The bottom layer contains small gravels followed by a layer of sand (3
00 micron) and finally a layer of very fine sand (75 micron).
• The gravels layer have compacted so that the sand will not mix & go
through the gravels layer.
• A diffuser has been placed on the top of the container so that water fall
gently on top and layer and don’t disturb it.
14. Influent Water Properties
Parameter Kitchen Water Bathroom Water
pH 8.1 7.58
Conductivity 3.26 1.851
DO (ppm) 6.2 --
Turbidity (NTU) 325 128
TDS (ppm) 263 921.9
COD (ppm) 663 997
24. Analysis & Comparison
Kitchen Influent
• Maximum reduction was observed
in turbidity and COD and minimum
was observed in pH.
• In 6 weeks 49.7%, 20.22%,
96.6%, 62%, 83.1%, 58.54% of
reduction was recorded in
conductivity, pH, turbidity, TDS,
COD, and in DO.
• 98% reduction in total hardness
was recorded in first week, so
further studies were not done in
hardness.
Bathroom Influent
• Maximum reduction was observed
in turbidity and conductivity and
minimum was observed in pH.
• In 6 weeks 93%, 11.8%, 100%,
88.79%, 66% of reduction was
recorded in conductivity, pH,
turbidity, TDS, and COD.
27. Limitations
• Duration of study was 6 weeks after it started working. It can be exten
ded.
• Size of biosand filter was small and prepared in 1.5 lit plastic water
bottle. Currently we are working on scaled up model.
• In biological testing, actual counting was required to assess quantitati
ve reduction.
28. Conclusions
• Bio-sand filter is an efficient technique used to treat wastewater collec
ted from domestic kitchen since it can remove most of the chemical, p
hysical and biological pollutants.
• The constructed system has the ability to remove up to 49.7%, 20.22
%, 96.6%, 62%, 83.1%, 58.54% of conductivity, pH, turbidity, TDS, C
OD, and in DO respectively.
• Clearly seen reduction in biological contaminant level.
29. Acknowledgement
• Grateful to the Almighty for showering wisdom on us for choosing this
crucial research problem and accomplishing on time.
• Management of Caledonian College of Engineering for providing requi
red chemicals, apparatus and all lab facilities.
• Miss Ahlam and Miss Buthaina expressed their gratitude's towards Mr
Adeeb, for helping them in lab during their experiments and biological
testing.
• Thanks to all who had supported this study directly and indirectly.