2. Experiment
• An experiment is an orderly procedure carried
out with the goal of verifying, refuting, or
establishing the validity of a hypothesis.
• किसी वैज्ञानिि जिज्ञासा (scientific inquiry) िे
समाधाि िे लिये उससे सम्बजधधत क्षेत्र में
और अधधि आंिडे (data) एित्र िरिे िी
आवश्यिता होती है। इि आंिड़ों िी प्राजतत िे
लिये िो िु छ किया िाता है
उसे प्रयोग (experiment) िहते हैं।
3. प्रयोग
• प्रयोग, वैज्ञानिि ववधध िा प्रमुख स्तम्भ है।
प्रयोग िरिा एवं आंिडे प्रातत िरिा इसलिये
भी िरूरी है ताकि लसद्धाधत िे प्रनतपादि में
िहीं पूवााग्रह या पक्षपात आडे ि आ िााँए।
किसी क्षेत्र िे गहि अध्ययि एवं ज्ञाि िे
लिये प्रयोग िा बहुत महत्व है। िु छ प्रयोग
इसलिये िहीं किये िा सिते कि वे बहुत
महंगे हो सिते हैं, बहुत भयंिर हो सिते हैं
या उधहें िरिा िैनति दृजटि से माधय िहीं है।
4.
5. Steps for Experimental Varification
• Ask a Question
• Do Background Research
• Construct a Hypothesis
• Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
• Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
• Communicate Your Results
6. http://scijinks.nasa.gov/science-fair
• Some science fair projects are experiments to test a hypothesis. Other science fair projects attempt
to answer a question or demonstrate how nature works or even invent a technology to measure
something.
• Before you start, find out which of these are acceptable kinds of science fair projects at your school.
You can learn something and have fun using any of these approaches.
• First, pick a topic. Pick something you are interested in, something you'd like to think about and
know more about.
• Then do some background research on the topic.
• Decide whether you can state a hypothesis related to the topic (that is, a cause and effect
statement that you can test), and follow the strict method listed above, or whether you will just
observe something, take and record measurements, and report.
• Design and carry out your research, keeping careful records of everything you do or see and your
results or observations.
• Construct an exhibit or display to show and explain to others what you hoped to test (if you had a
hypothesis) or what question you wanted to answer, what you did, what your data showed, and
your conclusions.
• Write a short report that also states the same things as the exhibit or display, and also gives the
sources of your initial background research.
• Practice describing your project and results, so you will be ready for visitors to your exhibit at the
science fair.
7. Plasma cortisol is a laboratory test used to determine levels of the
hormone cortisol in the blood. Cortisol levels can provide important information
about a patient's health and may be used in the diagnosis and management of a
number of conditions, most related to the adrenal gland, the site where cortisol is
produced. In a plasma cortisol test, blood is drawn from a patient and analyzed in
the lab. Several samples may be requested.
mcg/dl =microgram per deciliter
8. Results of 1500 experimental studies
on Meditation
According to reports, there have been over 1500 separate studies since
1930. All were related to meditation and its effects on the practitioners.
Some statistics on people who meditate include results like:
•Heart rate, respiration, blood pressure and are all decreased.
•Meditators are less anxious and nervous.
•Meditators were more independent and self-confident
•People who deliberated daily were less fearful of death.
•75% of insomniacs who started a daily meditation program were able to fall
asleep within 20 minutes of going to bed.
•Production of the stress hormone Cortisol is greatly decreased, thus making
it possible for those people to deal with stress better when it occurs.
•Thickness of the artery walls decreased which effectively lowers the risk of
heart attack or stroke by 8% to 15%.
•Relaxation therapy was helpful in chronic pain patients.
•60% of anxiety prone people showed marked improvements in anxiety
levels after 6-9 months.