Topic Hydrolyzing agents is discussed here with some examples

1. Welcome

2. Hydrolysing Agents

3. Water- Highly reactive substrates are readily and
completely hydrolyzed by water alone.
Eg: Grignard reagents
Diazonium Chlorides
Acid anhydrides
3
Hydrolyzing
Agents

4. Acids-accelerates hydrolysis
reactions eg: HCl, H2SO4

5. Alkali
a)Dilute alkali- used in hydrolysis of esters ,amides,fats etc.
Saponification-Hydrolysis of fats and oils by NaOH
b) Concentrated alkali- Excess alkali at high pressure and concentration can cause hydrolysis
at primary and secondary C-Cl linkages.
C6H5-Cl+NaOH C6H5-OH +NaOH C6H5-ONa+H2O
C)Alkali fusion- Concentration of alkali very high: Product formed will be in the form of
sodium salt and acidification is needed for obtaining the desired product.
Used in the preparation of phenols and sulphonic acids.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis- important in biological systems
Molasses invertase glucose+ fructose zymase ethyl alcohol

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