The burns , Basics of First Stage Medical School

1. The Burns
Name : Muhammed Muhsen Ahmed
Stage : First Stage
Group : B

2. Burns: are injuries to tissue that
can be caused by fire the sun,
chemicals heated objects or fluids,
electricity or other means.

3. Signs and symptoms of burns include:
1-Red, swollen skin
2-Pain, which may be severe
3-Wet or moist-looking skin
4-Blisters
5-Waxy white appearance
6-Blackened or charred skin in severe
cases.

4. Classifications of burns:
• First-degree burn: red skin and very painful
with some blisters
• Second-degree burn: These burns affect both
the epidermis and the second layer of skin
(dermis).
• Third-degree burn. : These burns involve the
deep structures (muscles and bone).

5. Causes:
Burns occur when the skin is exposed to high
temperatures — greater than 140 F (60 C). Many
substances can cause burns, including:
• Fire
• Hot liquid or steam
• Hot metal
• Electrical currents
• Radiation, such as from X-rays
• Sunlight
• Chemicals, such as strong acids
• Friction.

6. Treatment:
1) patient admit to hospital if :
-Air way injury or inhalational injury
-Neck and head burned
-Genitalia burned
-Hand burned
2) Rapid replacement of fluid according tototal body
surface area percentage burned. Note(Calculate the
fluid requirement by parkland formula :)X B.wt X 4
ml))
3) Antibiotics injection
4) Antitetanus injection

7. Role of Nine ( 9%):
To determine the surface area percentage of burn
by use role of Nine 9% :
• upper limb 9% for each one
• lower limb 18 % for each one
• in front body 18%
• the back 18%
• head or neck 9%
• genitalia 1%
Caution:
• Don't use ice
• Don't apply ointments to the burn.
• Don't break blisters.

8. Complications:
Deep or widespread burns can lead to many
complications, including:
• Local infection.
• Widespread infection (sepsis): Sepsis occurs when
bacteria from an infection enter your bloodstream and spread
throughout your body.
• Low blood volume (hypovolemia): Burns can damage
blood vessels and cause fluid loss.
• Low body temperature (hypothermia): So when a large
portion of the skin is injured, you lose body heat. This
increases your risk of hypothermia
• Breathing (respiratory) problems: Breathing hot air burn
airways and cause breathing difficulties.
• Scarring.
• Bone and joint problems: Deep burns can limit movement
of the bones and joints.

9. Thank You