Resection and anastomosis of the bowel is a very basic and important surgery in day to day practice of any general surgeon. One must know the different techniques and master at least one out of all for the same.
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Resection and anastomosis - Dr Keyur Bhatt
1. Dr. Keyur Bhatt
MS, MRCS (UK), FACS (USA)
ASIA BOOK & INDIA BOOK Record holder for “Grand Master of laparoscopic cholecystectomy”
LIMCA BOOK & INDIA BOOK Record holder “longest foreign body removal from stomach”
4. • The word anastomosis comes from the Greek “ana” without and
‘stoma’ , a mouth, i.e. when a tubular viscus is jointed after resection
or bypass without exteriorisation with stoma
5. Healing of anastomosis
• Early phase (0-4 days): There is an acute inflammatory response but no
intrinsic cohesion
• Fibroplasia (3-14 days): Fibroblast proliferation occurs with collagen
formation
• Maturation phase (>10 days): This is the period of collagen remodelling,
when the stability and strength of the anastomosis increase
6.
7. If it heals it heals
If it doesn't it will never
8. Leakage
• Early leakage: Within 48 hours of surgery
• Technical failure
• Intermediate leakage: From 2 to 6 days
• Healing failure, Sepsis
• Late leakage: from 6 days to 1 month
• Immunological failure
11. Practical types of anastomosis
• Orientation of bowel
• Side to side
• End to end
• End to side
• Technique
• Hand sewed
• Stapling technique
• Based on the number of layers
• Single layer
• Double layer
• Part of the bowel involved
• Gastro jejunostomy
• Jejuno jejunostomy
• Ileo colic anastomosis
• Colo colic anastomosis
• Bilio pancreatic to bowel
anastomosis
• Esophago gastric anastomosis
• Transposition anastomosis
• Condutes , Grafts
12. Whether Lap or Open
The principles of surgery never changes
13. Factors responsible for anastomosis healing
•Viability
•Blood supply
•Sepsis
•Tension on ends
•Level of S. Albumin
•Haemoglobin
• Sutures and its types
• Margins
• Orientation of mesentery
• Decompression
• Inversion
• Eversion
• Spillage
• Decompression
• Clamping
• Adequate exposure
14. Our DATA
•1632 anastomosis till now
• 27 had a leakage
• 1.65 % leak rate.
• Most common factors responsible for leaks in our series
• Lower one third of rectum (8) – All had covering stoma
• Sigmoid diverticular disease (5) – All had covering stoma
• Low albumin status / sepsis (5) – converted to stoma
• Stapler malfunction (3) – All had covering stoma
• Early closure of stoma (6)- controlled fistula, kept conservatively eventually healed