1. Edward Saja Sanneh*, Allen H. Hu, Chia-Wei Hsu and Momodou Njie
Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management
National Taipei University of Technology
E-mail: edward.sanneh@gmail.com
3. Climate change
• Temperature rise
• Sea-level rise
• Precipitation change
• Droughts and floods
Impacts on human and
natural systems
• Food and water resources
• Ecosystem and biodiversity
• Human settlements
• Human health
Socio-economic development
paths
• Economic growth
• Technology
• Population
• Governance
Emissions and
concentrations
• Greenhouse gases
• Aerosols
Adaptation
Adaptation
Mitigation
Climate Change and Adaptation
3
5. The IPCC (2007) projects - in Sub-Saharan Africa, warming
is expected to be greater than the global average and in parts
of the region rainfall will decline
These anticipated climate changes pose great threats to food
and water security, public health, natural resources, and
biodiversity (McCarthyet al., 2001)
http://carbon-based-ghg.blogspot.tw/2007/12/sub-suharan-africa-bears-brunt-of.html
5
Introduction
6. Impact of Climate Change in the Gambia
July-August-September (JAS) rainfall less than 800mm on
average has dramatically increased from 36 to 96 percent of
the national territory since 1965
Climate records also reveal an increase of 0.40 degrees
centigrade per decade or higher in the average minimum
monthly temperatures across the country
6
Introduction
7. The area with average JAS rainfall less than 800mm has increased from 36 per cent to 93 per cent since 1965
Impact of Climate Change
7
Spatial patterns and temporal changes in rainfall of Gambia in the last sixty years
8. Change in rainfall statistics at Yundum (16º35'W, 13º27'N), Janjangbureh (14º46'W, 13º32'N)
and Basse (14º13'W, 13º19'N)
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Spatial patterns and temporal changes in rainfall of Gambia in the last sixty years
Impact of Climate Change
9. Showing respectively increases of 0.67 and 0.40 degree Celsius per decade in the average minimum monthly temperatures
Line slopes (i.e. rate of change) verified as statistically significant at the 95% confidence level
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Trends in minimum temperature of Gambia in the past 40 years
Impact of Climate Change
10. Erosion of beaches and potential breaching of barrier dunes on the Atlantic seaboard
The degree of flooding will be greater in coastal areas (Dr. Malanding S. Jaiteh using Gambia 50000 GIS Database
2003 and ArcGIS Spatial Analysis Extension)
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Area liable to permanent flooding in Gambia from a 100 cm sea level rise scenario
Impact of Climate Change
11. Authors Year Title
Roshan et al. 2010
Simulation of global warming effect on outdoor thermal comfort
conditions
Laukkonen et al. 2009
Combining climate change adaptation and mitigation measures at the
local level
Twomlow et al. 2008
Building adaptive capacity to cope with increasing vulnerability due
to climatic change in Africa
IPCC 2007
Climate Change 2007 - Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability:
Working Group II contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
IPCC
Smit and Wandel 2006 Adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability.
Eakin 2005
Institutional change, climate risk, and rural vulnerability: Cases from
Central Mexico
Water/Africa et al.2004
The Africa water vision for 2025 : equitable and sustainable use of
water for socioeconomic development
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Literature Review
12. Authors Year Title
Bank et al 2003 Reducing the Vulnerability of the Poor through Adaptation
Guranko et al. 2003
Introduction to the World Bank insurance practice: key lessons
learned and the road ahead
Azar and Schneider 2003
Are the economic costs of non-stabilizing the atmosphere
prohibitive?
Smit and Pilifosova 2001
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Context of Sustainable
Development and Equity
McCarthy et al. 2001 Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability
FAO 2001 The state of food insecurity in the world
IPCC 1995
IPCC Second Assessment Synthesis of Scientific-Technical
Information relevant to interpreting
12
Literature Review
14. 14
This study used FAHP, a generic hierarchy model for assessing the
relative importance to determine prioritization of measures and
approaches to climate change adaptation discussed in Gambia’s
NAPA
The authors identified aspects that threaten the livelihood of
communities through the weight of sectors discussed in the NAPA of
the Gambia
Overall, 25 measures of climate change adaptation were determined
and categorized into five main aspects
Methodology- FAHP
15. 15
Names Department
Mr. Bernard Gomez Department of Water Resources/ NAPA Project Coordinator
Mr. Momodou Sarr National Environment Agency/ GEF Operational Focal Point
Dr. Almamy Camara Department of Parks & Wildlife Management/ UNCBD Focal Point
Dr. Momodou Njie Blue Gold Solutions
Mr. Lamin Kambi Department of Livestock Services
Mr. Momodou Sowe Department of Water Resources
Mr. Ebrima Ceesay Department of Agricultural Services
Mr. Alpha Omar Jallow Department of Parks and Wild life Management
Mr. Samba Conteh Department of State for Health
Mr. Momodou Njie Department of State for Forestry and the Environment
Mr. Kemo Ceesay Gambia Renewable Energy Office
Mr. Amadou Saine Department of Fisheries
Expert List for FAHP
16. Suppose you would like to choose between Item A and Item B, the
one you like better in comparison with the other. Making a relative
scale to measure how much you like the item on the left compared to
the item on the right, shows as follows:
(a)
(b)
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Methodology FAHP
17. 17
(a)
Membership function of a
triangular fuzzy number
Membership function of linguistic variables for
criteria comparison
(b)
Methodology FAHP
18. 18
Results and Discussions
The study shows health as the highest priority area adaptation follow by forestry, water, energy and food
19. The overall adaptive capacity of Africa is low due to poverty, low
educational levels, the weakening of social safety nets, high
morbidity rates and the prevalence of severe illnesses (Ifejika Speranza
et al., 2008)
Adaptation is likely to play a key role in meeting the Millennium
Development Goals, poverty reduction, and sustainable
development
http://eastern-uganda-environment.blogspot.tw/
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Results and Discussions
20. http://www.alabamawx.com/?p=23947 http://www.idrc.ca/EN/Programs/
Adaptation options/activities developed by researchers are not
entirely new and call for wider deployment/application
Recognizing the priority areas for adaptation to climate change is
important because of the uncertainties of current weather, climatic
outcomes and future climate change impacts
Relatively few scientists have addressed cultural factors, such as
people’s perceptions of climate change in Africa, which can
nevertheless be quite relevant in the decision-making process
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Results and Discussions
21. The anticipated effects of climate change pose great threats to
food, water security, public health, natural resources and
biodiversity
Better understanding of how poverty in general is affected by
climate change is needed to influence all efforts to adapt to climate
change.
http://ifrtd.gn.apc.org/en/about/Vision-Mission.phphttp://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/exploringclimatechange/takeaction/et
hics.asp
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Conclusions
22. The NAPA of the Gambia was the basis in formulating the FAHP
model of this study, implying recognition of priority approaches for
sustainability
The application of FAHP can be used to initiate policy relating to
climate change adaptation.
The authors recommend that the creation of a national climate
policy would be a big step towards enhancing climate change
adaptation
http://owni.eu/tag/ecology/ http://theconversation.edu.au http://www.deepakchopra.com/blog/view/756/global_warming_and_the_meaning_of_doom
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Conclusions
