Of the world’s electricity is being generated through conventional sources of energy like coal and atomic energy. People have realized the dire effect of using these fuels, and the amount of CO2 being released into the environment. There has been a shift in emphasis towards cleaner ways of generating electricity in recent years. Solar energy is abundantly available and the cleanest renewable energy source available in the world and is ready to use for a variety of applications, such as the generation of electricity for residential, commercial, or industrial consumption and have become very competitive solutions. It can be seen that there is trend of solar photovoltaics (PV), which has seen rapid growth over the years. The increasing trend of adopting PV system allows consumers to be known as producers or “Prosumers”. This report evaluates how solar PV can be used in combination with a battery bank along with three port converter to fulfill the requirement. Power production from PV cannot be consistent due to factors like the weather although The main benefits of solar power are that it can be easily installed cost of generation is low as there is no requirement for fuel and require very little maintenance Distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and autonomous are achieved with the proposed configuration. The input-port of each TPC is connected to an independent PV energy source to achieve individual MPPT, and the output-ports of these TPCs are connected with load. Fully modular design is achieved by using Simulink/matlab.

1. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-3 (June 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.3.41
259 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Modelling & Simulation of PV Module Connected with Three-Port DC
Converter
Eahraz Ahmad1
, Faizan A Khan2
and Prabhat R Sarkar3
1
M.Tech Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, INDIA
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, INDIA
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, INDIA
1
Corresponding Author: eeahrazahmad@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Of the world’s electricity is being generated through
conventional sources of energy like coal and atomic energy.
People have realized the dire effect of using these fuels, and
the amount of CO2 being released into the environment.
There has been a shift in emphasis towards cleaner ways of
generating electricity in recent years. Solar energy is
abundantly available and the cleanest renewable energy
source available in the world and is ready to use for a variety
of applications, such as the generation of electricity for
residential, commercial, or industrial consumption and have
become very competitive solutions. It can be seen that there is
trend of solar photovoltaics (PV), which has seen rapid
growth over the years. The increasing trend of adopting PV
system allows consumers to be known as producers or
“Prosumers”.
This report evaluates how solar PV can be used in
combination with a battery bank along with three port
converter to fulfill the requirement. Power production from
PV cannot be consistent due to factors like the weather
although The main benefits of solar power are that it can be
easily installed cost of generation is low as there is no
requirement for fuel and require very little maintenance
Distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and
autonomous are achieved with the proposed configuration.
The input-port of each TPC is connected to an independent
PV energy source to achieve individual MPPT, and the
output-ports of these TPCs are connected with load. Fully
modular design is achieved by using Simulink/matlab.
Keywords— Photovoltaic Power System, Maximum
Power Point Tracking, Three-Port Converter (TPC)
I. INTRODUCTION
Among the renewable energy sources, like
photovoltaic (PV) energy, are drawing significant attention
around the world and are becoming sustainable alternative
sources to overcome environmental pollution and energy
shortage problems. Renewable energy source is defined as
energy source which are renewable that is generated from
natural resources like Solar energy, Wind energy etc. while
the non renewable energy source is defined as one which
cannot be replenished like coal, petrol and naural gas.
Renewable energy growing rate in different areas
is increasing sharply with promising target. Resilient and
reliable energy systems are based on fossil fuels burning
which are dominating worldwide. Solar energy is
abundantly available and the cleanest renewable energy
source available in the world and ready to use for a variety
of applications, such as the generation of electricity for
residential, commercial, or industrial consumption. Fossil
fuels are nonrenewable energy and directly emit
greenhouse gases to the environment.
Solar energy with irradiance levels of 1000W/m2
is available in abundant and photovoltaic power is a prime
candidate for electrical energy generation. Photovoltaic is
the process of conversion of sunlight directly into
electricity using solar cells by photovoltaic effect.
There are other resources which provide clean,
continuous, and renewable energies such as hydropower,
solar, wind, biomass etc. Some of them may be leading to
serious environmental and health impacts. PV energy
sources have been increasing in recent years and is
predicted to be the greatest growth on the world power
market in the next ten to fifteen years[1].

2. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-3 (June 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.3.41
260 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 1: Growth rates of solar energy production 2010 to 2015
Photovoltaic (PV) /Solar energy is an alternative
source of energy due to its abundance, and eco-friendly.
Overuse on fossil-based energy production has a bad effect
on the environment and results in an alarming level of
greenhouse gas emission. As per the latest global and
CO2status report by the International Energy Agency
(IEA), the total energy demand in the world has grown by
2.3% and electricity generation has grown by 4%.
Renewable energy sources have seen an increasing interest
worldwide[2].
Advantages of solar power are that it can be
easily installed on or in connection to buildings, it has a
long lifetime and per-unit cost of generation is low as there
is no requirement for fuel and require very little
maintenance. Solar panels produce maximum efficiency
between 59 o
F and 95o
F. As temperature rises efficiency
will drop and solar panel will produce less energy. The
disadvantages of power production from PV cannot be
consistent due to factors like the weather and the diurnal
cycle[7]. Renewable energy sources are clean and
environmental friendly resources, as they play an
important role in reducing greenhouse emissions. Usage of
Renewable energy sources could help in reaching little to
no global warming effects and gas emissions, which would
help in improving public health and in protecting our
environment hence improving the human life quality by
providing enormous and inexhaustible energy supply, with
more jobs, and other economic benefits such as stable
energy prices. With the growing spread of Renewable
energy sources has more benefits than aforementioned
economic, health, and environmental aspects. PV systems
are been used in many applications like irrigation, home
power supply, commercial electric car charging stations,
solar water pumps, solar feeding of the telecommunication
base towers which is cost effective mainly for remote
areas. Solar energy is cost effective in building
managements systems, telecommunication base towers for
remote areas and for marine, satellite etc. The research and
development has shown that the PV will be the fuel for the
future [2].
0 10 20 30 40 50
Biodiesel Production
Ethanol Production
Solar Heating
Wind
Concentrated Solar
Power
Solar PV
Hydro Power
Geothermal Power
Growth Rate in 2015 Growth Rate End 2010 through 2015

3. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-3 (June 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.3.41
261 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
(Figure 2a)
(Figure 2 b)
Figure 2(a) (b): Growth in renewable electricity generation in world & among sources2017-18[2]
The renewable energy sources, like the
photovoltaic (PV) energy have attracted a lot of attentions
to overcome the environmental pollution and energy
shortage problems [3].
Three port converters are better than two port
converters and are mainly used due to following reasons:-
(i)better system stability (ii)low size & weight (iii)high
power density (iv)used widely in renewable energy
system.
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a
technique used wind turbines and photovoltaic solar
systems to maximize the extracted power and has
advantage of cost, simplicity and reliability[4]-[5].
II. MODEL DESIGN
0
50
100
150
200
China Europe United
States
Inda Rest Of
World
Growth in 2018
0
50
100
150
200
Solar PV Wind Hydro Others
Growth in 2018

4. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-3 (June 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.3.41
262 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 3: Block diagram of Modelling & Simulation of PV Module connected with Three-port DC Converter
In this project we have PV array of n*n cells.
Now PV array depends on two parameters Irradiance and
temperature. The hotter the ambient air the less efficient
your solar panel will be. Solar panels produce maximum
efficiency between 59 o
F and 95o
F.As temperature rises
efficiency will drop and solar panel will produce less
energy. Irradiance will also affect module performance
with reduction in sunlight and hence reduced output. The
PV cells arranged into panels could be used in large scale
PV projects. MPPT is used here which is to extract
maximum power from the PV array.
Additional supply or external source or some
battery may be used to supply additional power to the
system. A controller is attached to control the supply
before being fed to the three port converter. These sources
are now fed to the three port converter which consist of
switches and uses them to take the supply from these
sources. Now here a boost converter may be used to
achieve high output as its function is to convert low dc
input to a high dc output which may be used depending on
the requirement[6].After the three port converter load is
connected after the three port converter which may include
inductor or capacitor or combination of these may be
connected to meet the load. Finally we obtain the output
and continuity of supply is maintained.
Figure 4: Matlab Circuit Diagram of “Modelling & Simulation of PV Module connected with Three-port DC Converter”

5. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-3 (June 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.3.41
263 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This is achieved with the help of
Matlab/Simulink.
III. RESULT
The output waveform is achieved by using
Matlab/Simulink.
Figure 5: Matlab output waveform of Voltage(V)
Figure 6: Matlab output waveform of Current(A)

6. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-3 (June 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.3.41
264 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 7: Matlab output waveform of Power(W)
IV. CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that we have used PV array in
this project of n*n cells. which depends on two parameters
Irradience and temperature. MPPT is used here which is to
extract maximum power from the PV array after which an
Additional supply or some battery may be used to supply
additional power to the system. These sources are now fed
to the three port converter which consists of switches &
uses them to take supply from these sources that is the
photovoltaic and the additional supply. After which Load
is connected to meet the load and continuity of supply is
maintained. This project is beneficial as it has following
advantages:- (i)Low cost (ii)Low maintenance (iii)High
efficiency (iv)continuity of supply is maintained even in
case of failure of power from pv array. Apart from this it
may be beneficial for applications like electric vehicles,
water irrigation pumps, electricity for parking meters,
lightning for roadways, in robotics etc.
REFERENCES
[1] M. Malinowski, J. I. Leon, & H. Abu-Rub. (2017).
Solar photovoltaic and thermal energy systems : Current
technology and future trends. Proceedings of the IEEE,
105(11), 2132-2146.
[2] International Energy Agency, (2019). Global energy &
CO2 status report 2018. IEA, Paris.
[3] Zhigang Liang, Rong Guo, Jun Li, & Alex Q. Huang.
(2011). A high-efficiency PV module-integrated DC/DC
converter for PV energy harvest in FREEDM systems.
IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 26(3), 897- 909.
[4] Roger Gules, Juliano De Pellegrin Pacheco, Hélio
Leães Hey, & Johninson Imhoff. (2008). A maximum
power point tracking system with parallel connection for
PV stand-alone applications. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.,
55(7), 2674-2683.
[5] C. Chen & Y. Chen. (2015). Analysis of the series-
connected distributed maximum power point tracking PV
system. In: IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference
and Exposition, pp. 3083-3088.
[6] Arun Kumar Verma, Bhim Singh, & S.C Kaushik.
(2010). An isolated solar power generation using boost
converter and boost inverter. In: Proc. National
Conference on Recent Advances in Computational
Technique in Electrical Engineering, SLITE, Longowal
(India), Paper 3011, pp.1-8.
[7] Tariq, M., Bakhsh, F. I., Khan, S. A., & Asim, M.
(2010). Solar based space cooling system in building—a
case study of Maulana Azad library, AMU. Int. J. Recent
Trends Eng Technology, 4(4), 167-169.