Introduction to the purposes served by some basic engineering disciplines for high school students.

1. Introduction to Engineering

2. Introduction to Engineering
1. Introduction: An Engineering Challenge
2. Four Basic Types of Engineering
a. Chemical / Biological
b. Civil
c. Electrical
d. Mechanical
3. Review
Image: LIFE Magazine

3. Prominent Engineering Categories
● Structural Engineering
● Mechanical Engineering
● Civil Engineering
● Computer & Electrical Engineering
● Optical & Photonics Sciences
● Geological & Petroleum Engineering
● Aerospace Engineering
● Materials Sciences
Image: LIFE Magazine

4. Objectives Review
Objectives
1. Define or match definitions with each of the major engineering disciplines
highlighted in this presentation
2. Explain how the engineering disciplines can complement one another
3. Identify and define key vocabulary terms used throughout this presentation
4. Be able to correctly explain:
a. Specific ways machines can help people in their daily lives
b. What mechanical advantage is
c. How to calculate efficiency

5. Physics can enable engineering innovation
O'Kane, S. (2015, June 25). This is the skatepark Lexus built for its real hoverboard | The Verge. Retrieved from http://www.theverge.com/tldr/2015/6/25/8846785/lexus-
hoverboard-skatepark-its-real-not-a-drill
An Engineering Challenge

6. Physics can enable engineering innovation
O'Kane, S. (2015, June 25). This is the skatepark Lexus built for its real hoverboard | The Verge. Retrieved from http://www.theverge.com/tldr/2015/6/25/8846785/lexus-
hoverboard-skatepark-its-real-not-a-drill
O'Kane, S. (2015, June 25). This is the skatepark Lexus built for its real hoverboard | The Verge. Retrieved from http://www.theverge.com/tldr/2015/6/25/8846785/lexus-
hoverboard-skatepark-its-real-not-a-drill

7. Lexus International. (2015, August 4). The Lexus Hoverboard: It's here [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/ZwSwZ2Y0Ops

8. Lexus International. (2015, August 4). The Lexus Hoverboard: It's here [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/ZwSwZ2Y0Ops

9. Lexus International. (2015, August 4). The Lexus Hoverboard: It's here [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/ZwSwZ2Y0Ops

10. Career Prospects
(March, 2018) https://www.bls.gov/oes/2017/may/stem2.htm

11. Types of Engineering:
Chemical Engineering:
● Materials
● Biochemical / Biomolecular
● Chemical industry / processes
● Biomedical
● Nuclear
● Petroleum
https://engineering.unl.edu/chme/chme-student-employment/

12. Types of Engineering:
Chemical Engineering:
● Materials
● Biochemical / Biomolecular
● Chemical industry / processes
● Biomedical
● Nuclear
● Petroleum
Stephanie Kwolek, inventor of (bullet resistant) Kevlar
http://invention.si.edu/recognize-unusual/p/429-stephanie-kwolek-kevlar-inventor

13. Types of Engineering:
Civil Engineering:
● Structural
● Transport / Infrastructure
● Mining
● Geothermal / Geotechnical
● Water systems
● Environmental
● Agricultural
http://mceer.buffalo.edu/research/Reconnaissance/Katrina8-28-
05/02Baldwin_County/

14. Types of Engineering:
Civil Engineering:
● Structural
● Transport / Infrastructure
● Mining
● Geothermal / Geotechnical
● Water systems
● Environmental
● Agricultural Guangzhou Opera House (with Pizza Hut)
http://sites.psu.edu/friday/guangzhou/

15. Types of Engineering:
Weather, Water, and
Earth Systems are key
considerations for Civil
Engineers.
Hurricane Katrina
(2005) is a good
example of how
weather affects
engineered structures. New Orleans Superdome Damage, 2005
Extreme Events Institute - Florida International University

16. Types of Engineering:
Weather, Water, and
Earth Systems are key
considerations for Civil
Engineers.
Hurricane Katrina
(2005) is a good
example of how
weather affects
engineered structures. Hotel Wind / Rain Damage, 2005
Extreme Events Institute - Florida International University

17. Types of Engineering:
Weather, Water, and
Earth Systems are key
considerations for Civil
Engineers.
Hurricane Katrina
(2005) is a good
example of how
weather affects
engineered structures. New Orleans Flooding Damage, 2005
Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA

18. Types of Engineering:
Weather, Water, and
Earth Systems are key
considerations for Civil
Engineers.
Hurricane Katrina
(2005) is a good
example of how
weather affects
engineered structures. New Orleans Flooding Damage, 2005
USNews and World Report

19. Types of Engineering:
Weather, Water, and
Earth Systems are key
considerations for Civil
Engineers.
Hurricane Katrina
(2005) is a good
example of how
weather affects
engineered structures.
Katrina Wind Damage, 2005
Washington Post

20. Types of Engineering:
Weather, Water, and
Earth Systems are key
considerations for Civil
Engineers.
Hurricane Katrina
(2005) is a good
example of how
weather affects
engineered structures. Path of Hurricane Katrina, 2005
NOAA / CIMSS

21. Types of Engineering:
Weather, Water, and
Earth Systems are key
considerations for Civil
Engineers.
Hurricane Katrina
(2005) is a good
example of how
weather affects
engineered structures.
Hurricane Katrina, 2005
http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/coriolis/katrina/08_28_1410_ani.gif

22. Engineers Collaborate
Consider that weather satellites
depend on the work of:
● optical scientists (mirrors,
lenses, cameras)
● materials engineers (detectors,
solar panels, coatings, etc.)
● mechanical engineers (building
satellite, etc.)
● civil engineers (launching
payload, transport, etc.)
● chemical engineers (lens
coatings, propellant, etc.)
and more! NASA GOES-O Satellite Launch
June 27, 2009
Photo: NASA/Jack Pfaller
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GOES-O/multimedia/09-06-27-3.html

23. Engineers Collaborate
Engineers of all sorts
work together.
Consider these toxic
waste related events.
Toxic Waste Spill, Colorado, USA, 2015
WestWord

24. Types of Engineering:
Engineers of all sorts
work together.
Consider these toxic
waste related events.
Toxic “Red Sludge”, Ajka, Hungary, 2010
RT News

25. Engineers Collaborate
In 2010, an outdoor
chemical storage
facility containment
pond was breached,
spilling toxic waste in
the town of Ajka,
Hungary.
What functions might
engineers serve to
resolve this disaster?
Toxic “Red Sludge”, Ajka, Hungary, 2010
WestWord

26. Engineers Collaborate
What types of
engineers would be
involved in rebuilding
the wall of the
containment pond?
Chemical clean-up?
Building new
infrastructure?
Toxic “Red Sludge”, Ajka, Hungary, 2010
NBCNews

27. Engineers Collaborate
Do you think the Ajka,
Hungary disaster could
have been averted by
better engineering
practices? If so, how?
Toxic “Red Sludge”, Ajka, Hungary, 2010
RT News

28. Engineering Impact
Should engineers
consider the social and
environmental impact
of their designs and
professional practices?
Toxic “Red Sludge”, Ajka, Hungary, 2010
RT News

29. Engineering Impact
Do you think engineering
can make both positive
and negative impacts on
the world?
Who do you think should
be consulted before
engineers begin a project
near a lake? Why? Mystery fish kill, Mexico, 2017
Vocativ

30. Engineering Impact
Consider how
engineering could
positively impact people
and communities
experiencing tragedies
and hardship.
Community devastated by Tsunami in Japan, 2011
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

31. Oklahoma City Tornado, 2014
https://www.manufacturing.net/article/2014/01/lessons-learned-when-disaster-strikes-chemical-plant
Engineering Impact
Consider how
engineering could
positively impact people
and communities
experiencing tragedies
and hardship.

32. Joplin Tornado, 2011
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1390530/Joplin-MO-tornado-Before-photos-complete-devastation.html
Engineering Impact
Consider how
engineering could
positively impact people
and communities
experiencing tragedies
and hardship.

33. Engineering Impact
Make a list of
engineering disciplines
that would be involved
in working together
during the rebuilding
process, after a natural
disaster such as the
2011 Tornado in Joplin,
Missouri.
Joplin Tornado, 2011
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1390530/Joplin-MO-tornado-Before-photos-complete-devastation.html

34. Structural
Image: LIFE Magazine
Structural engineers take architectural visions
and make them a reality.
Structural engineers ensure buildings:
● Are wind shear resistant
● Able to stand
○ Topple resistant (falling over)
○ Crumble resistant (falling down)
● Support weight loads
● Are durable / long-lasting
● Useable for people
● Withstand temperature changes, etc...
Paper building
models help us
consider some
design challenges.
Types of Engineering:

35. Types of Engineering:
Mechanical
Image: OMEGA watches / tested.com
Mechanical engineers design
things like:
● Cars
● Limb replacements
● All sorts of machines
● Automobile engines
● Cranes
● Watches
● Household items
● Tools
● Drones
● Robots
● Industrial automation
● Mobile phone components
etc...

36. 3. Types of Engineering:
Mechanical
Image: OMEGA watches / tested.com
Research and Explain:
1. Mechanical advantage
2. Use of various simple
machines
a. Levers
b. Pulleys
c. Wheels
d. Wedge
e. Screw
3. Efficiency

37. Types of Engineering:
Civil
TRAM Image: LIFE Magazine
Civil engineers plan big public projects such
as road, bridge, and dam construction.
HOOVER DAM Image: wikimedia.org

38. Types of Engineering:
Civil
Image: Purdue University / https://engineering.purdue.edu/CE
Image: http://www.sdsmt.edu

39. 5. Types of Engineering:
Computer & Electrical
Image: Ramapo College of New Jersey
Image: Semiconductor Wafer Processing

40. Types of Engineering:
Computer & Electrical
Image: Ramapo College of New Jersey
Image: Oscilloscope
Electrical Engineers can be involved in
designing communication systems.
According to Johnson (2016), one key
challenge is to…
1. “represent all forms of information with
electrical signals,
2. “encode information as voltages,
currents, and electromagnetic waves,
3. “manipulate information-bearing electric
signals with circuits and computers, and
4. “receive electric signals and convert the
information expressed by electric signals
back into a useful form”
(Johnson, 2016)
Johnson, D. H. (2016). Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering I. Houston, TX: Rice
University.

41. Types of Engineering:
Computer & Electrical
Consider:
What kind of research can be performed at
the interface of computer and electrical
engineering and biological sciences?

42. Types of Engineering:
Computer & Electrical
Image: FLIR
Images: Choa, F-S. & Cheng, L. (UMBC, 2010)

43. Types of Engineering:
Computer & Electrical
Image: Univ. of WashingtonImage: Penn State Univ.

44. Types of Engineering:
Optical & Photonics
Sciences
Image Left: Edmund Optical Images Right: NASA / STEREO Mission

45. Types of Engineering:
Geological / Petroleum
Images: Offshore Energy

46. Types of Engineering:
Aerospace
Images: LIFE Magazine

47. Types of Engineering:
Aerospace
Images: US Military / US Air Force

48. Types of Engineering:
Materials Sciences

49. Materials Innovation

50. Materials Innovation

51. Materials Sciences

52. Considerations for Materials Designs:
1. Durability
a. Resistance to
environmental
challenges like weather,
sunlight, animals, plants,
bacteria, etc.
b. Ability to stay reliable
under physical strain
and stress
c. Durability can reduce
chance of human injury Carbon Fiber Wheelchair
http://adi.stealthproducts.com

53. Review
1. Force:
a. Push or pull
b. Force causes acceleration of
mass
c. F = ma
d. Unit = Newton (N)
e. 1 N = 1 kg x m/s2
An _____________________ engineer would need to
consider the types of forces experienced by this
airplane and its pilot.

54. Review
2. Machine:
a. Multiple forces
b. Change direction of forces
c. NEVER multiply energy
d. Used for some mechanical
advantage
e. We often sacrifice distance of
applied force when making a
job easier (pulleys are a good
example of this)
f. Types of machines:
Lever, pulley, wedge, inclined
plane, wheel

55. Review
2. Machine:
a. Multiple forces
b. Change direction of forces
c. NEVER multiply energy
d. Used for some mechanical
advantage
e. We often sacrifice distance of
applied force when making a
job easier (pulleys are a good
example of this)
f. Types of machines:
Lever, pulley, wedge,
inclined plane, wheel
Know the 3 classes of levers
from page 112

56. Review
3. Key terms:
a. Efficiency
i. Actual vs. theoretical MA
ii. Mathematical expression
iii. Factors that affect efficiency
b. Mechanical advantage
Will work output ever exceed
work input? Explain...

57. Review
4. Engineering:
Know basic roles of all 8 types we
discussed in class.
Be ready to explain how roles might
overlap or complement one another.

58. Objectives Review
Objectives
1. Define or match definitions with each of the major engineering disciplines
highlighted in this presentation
2. Explain how the engineering disciplines can complement one another
3. Identify and define key vocabulary terms used throughout this presentation
4. Be able to correctly explain:
a. Specific ways machines can help people in their daily lives
b. What mechanical advantage is
c. How to calculate efficiency