Space technlogy

1. February 2020
Trends in Satellite Electric Propulsion From 2000 to 2019
Aerojet Rocketdyne Proprietary

2. 2000 Sats Around the World
2

3. Operational Satellites with EP around the world
3

4. Satellites launched with Electric Propulsion (EP)
4
7
(2%)
243
(75%)
74
(23%)
Total by Orbit
2000-2019
Excluding Starlink
Deep Space
GEO
LEO
324 Total
Satellites
Since 2000 EP has enjoyed continuous growth driven by commercial application
22
(7%) 34
(11%)
43
(13%)
225
(69%)
Total by Application
2000-2019
Excluding Starlink
Academic
Civil
Military
Commercial
324 Total
Satellites

5. Satellites launched with Electric Propulsion (EP)
5
15
6
8 8 9
14
10 10 9
19
9
12
18
10
12 12
17 18
15
12
2
7
2
1 1
5
4
1
2
6
5
4
9
4 2 8
11
2
1
2
1
1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Satellites launched excluding Starlink
GEO LEO Deep Space
18 15 12
131
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2017 2018 2019
Including Starlink
#
of
Satellites
Increased Application of Electric Propulsion evident from 2010 to 2019
Launch Date
2010-2019 average of 20 satellites per year
2000-2009 average of 13 satellites per year

6. Cumulative EP Satellites Launched
(2000-2019)
6
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Commercial
Military
Civil
Academic
Total
444
Starlink
Proliferation
#
of
Satellites
Launch Date

7. EP Satellites by Country/Region of
Satellite Manufacturer (2000-2019)
7
197
(61%)
61
(19%)
40
(13%)
10
(3%)
6
(2%)
Number of Satellites
excluding Starlink
USA
Europe
Russia
Japan
China
South Korea
India
Israel
Dubai
Brazil
324 Total Satellites
317
(72%)
61
(14%)
40
(9%)
10
(2%)
6
(1%)
Number of Satellites
including Starlink
444 Total Satellites
US Manufacturers purchased the most EP-- Ten countries built buses with EP
US is the biggest market!

8. Satellite Primes EP Preference for LEO & GEO
(2000 – 2019)
8
Satellite Manufacturer EP Type EP Manufacturer
34
6
1
49
3 1
33
3
41
21
12
2
1
1
4

9. Electric Propulsion Satellites by Type of EP
(2000-2019)
9
136
(42%)
63
(20%)
59
(18%)
40
(13%)
26
(8%)
All Orbits
Excluding Starlink
Hall
Ion
Resistojet
Arcjet
μEP
324 Total
256
(58%)
63
(14%)
59
(13%)
40
(9%)
26
(6%)
All Orbits
Including Starlink
444 Total
Hall Effect Thrusters are the most used EP type, LEO constellations (Starlink, OneWeb) will
expand that trend
25
(34%)
25
(34%)
19
(26%)
4
(5%) 1
(1%)
LEO EP Type excluding
Starlink
74 Total
116
(48%)
54
(22%)
39
(16%)
34
(14%)
GEO EP Type
243 Total

10. LEO & GEO Satellites by Mass
10
74
(31%)
122, 50%
47
(19%)
GEO by Mass kg
Total: 243
1001-3000
3001-6000
>6000
50% of GEO sats 3000-6000 kg; LEO Satellites significantly smaller, 88% <300kg
23
(12%)
23
(12%)
125
(64%)
20
(10%)
2
(1%)
1
(1%)
LEO by Mass kg
With Starlink
Total: 194
0-50
51-200
201-300
301-1000
1001-3000
3001-6000

11. GEO Satellites: EP Satellites by Satellite
Manufacturer
11
52
41
41
36
30
15
13
15
Top Manufacturers Boeing
Lockheed Martin
SSL (Maxar)
Orbital (Northrop Grumman)
ISS Reshetnev
Airbus
TAS
Others
Boeing leads US use of EP, but LM, NG and SSL/Maxar are virtually tied for second place
US Satellites
manufacturers lead
use of EP with 74%
of GEO Satellites
with EP; Europe
and Russia have
each built 12% of
EP Satellites to GEO
243
Satellites

12. GEO Satellites: Country of EP Manufacturer
12
1
1
1 1 1
2
4
1
3
4
8
1
1
3
9
4
7
10
3
10
6
8
10
8
5
11
5
7
5
5
6
8
9
6
10
5
5
8
6
2
6
8
6
6
7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Total: 243
USA (131)
Russia (105)
China (3)
France (2)
Japan (1)
India (1)
US and European bus manufacturers using
Fakel’s Hall Thrusters more
US initially dominated the market—starting in 2009, at the market grew, so did Russia’s
market share -- from 31% (34 sats) from 2000-2009 to 56% (75 sats) from 2010 to 2019
#
of
Satellites
Launch Date

13. LEO Satellites: Operator Country/Region
13
1
7
1 1 1 1
4
2
5
3
1
1
5
3
1
2
3
1
2 6
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Country/Region of Operator
excluding Starlink
Total: 74
USA (26) Europe (25) Japan (5) Russia (3)
South Korea (3) China (3) Egypt (2) Nigeria (2)
Canada (2) Brazil (1) Israel (1) Dubai (1)
Launch Date
6
123
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2017 2018 2019
Including Starlink
USA
Europe
• More Starlinks (120) launched in 2019 than total LEO satellites for the last 20 years (74), OneWeb
will be ramping up also
• Excluding Starlink, the US and Europe have launched similar numbers of EP LEO Satellites
#
of
Satellites

14. Electric Propulsion Marketplace
Power
Level
Power
Range
Applications Examples Primary Market
High
Power
10 kW
and
Above
• NASA and deep space exploration
• Emerging in-space transportation market
for NASA and the DoD
• Used for orbit transfer
Medium
Power
1.0 kW to
10 kW
• GEO spacecraft station keeping
• NASA scientific spacecraft
• Increasing use of Hall Current Thrusters
(HCTs) for orbit raising
Low
Power
0.1 to 1.0
kW
• LEO spacecraft – both government and
commercial
• LEO constellations
• Increasing use of HCTs
Very
Low
Power
Less than
0.1 kW
• Cubesats
• Primarily other types – not HCTs
EP Now Flying on Missions Across Four
Distinct Power Ranges from 0.01 kW – 15 kW