Medical neuroscience, anatomy, brainstem

1. BRAINSTEM
Domina Petric, MD

2. MIDBRAIN (MESENCEPHALON)
I.

3. RED NUCLEUS
(MIDBRAIN)
Wikipedia.org
Nucleus ruber

4. SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
http://www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com/blog/k
now-your-brain-substantia-nigra

5. Substantia nigra
 Two nuclei in one.
 There is a compact layer of cells on the dorsal margin of
the substantia nigra: these are the dopamine neurons of the
midbrain (pars compacta).
 Dopamine neurons project broady to the forebrain including
the basal ganglia, parts of the prefrontal cortex of the
frontal lobe and amygdala in the hippocampus.
 There is an inferior part of the substantia nigra: pars
reticularis.

6. OCULOMOTOR NUCLEUS
AND TROCHLEAR
NUCLEUS ARE BOTH
SOMATIC MOTOR
NUCLEI.
http://what-when-how.com/wp-
content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F29.jpg
Oculomotor nucleus
Trochlear nucleus

7. EDINGER-WESTPHAL
NUCLEUS IS VISCERAL
MOTOR NUCLEUS.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thu
mb/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png/340px-Cn3nucleus.png

8. Superior and inferior colliculi or little hills
Superior colliculus
recieves visual
input.
Inferior colliculus
recieves auditory
input.
http://proprofs-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com/images

9. PERIAQUEDUCTAL
GRAY MATTER
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/thebrainstem-ii-
140107220203-phpapp01/95/the-brain-stem-ii-23-
638.jpg?cb=1389132170
Cerebral
aqueduct

10. PONS
II.

11. PONTINE NUCLEI AND
PONTOCEREBELLAR
FIBRES
https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/originals/29/2c/51/292c515a350e3f
0bcba3c14e0197846f.jpg

12. PONTOCEREBELLAR FIBRES
GIVE RISE TO THE AXONS IN
THE MIDDLE CEREBELLAR
PEDUNCLES
https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/02-09-15-
brainstem-and-cerebellum/deck/13704956
Middle cerebellar peduncles are the largest among cerebellar peduncles.

13. CEREBRAL
VENTRICLES: FOURTH
VENTRICLE IS IN THE
MIDBRAIN
https://ryanakajoey.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/ve
ntricles_of_the_brain1352510262050.gif
Fourth ventricle
Lateral ventricles

14. SUPERIOR
CEREBELLAR
PEDUNCLES
https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/02-09-15-
brainstem-and-cerebellum/deck/13704956
Cerebellar peduncles leave the cerebellum and cross the midline in the pons: decussation.

15. TRIGEMINAL MOTOR
NUCLEUS IS
BRANCHIAL MOTOR
NUCLEUS.
http://what-when-how.com/wp-
content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F29.jpg

16. ABDUCENS NUCLEUS
IS SOMATIC MOTOR
NUCLEUS.
http://what-when-how.com/wp-
content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F29.jpg

17. Facial motor nucleus is branchial motor nucleus.
Collection of
motor neurons
that innervate the
muscles of the
face that convey
expression.
http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F29.jpg

18. SUPERIOR SALIVATORY
NUCLEUS (VII.) AND
INFERIOR SALIVATORY
NUCLEUS (IX.) ARE
VISCERAL MOTOR
NUCLEI.

19. MEDULLA OBLONGATA
III.

20. INFERIOR
CEREBELLAR
PEDUNCLES
Wikipedia.org

21. MEDULLARY
PYRAMIDS:
CORTICOSPINAL
TRACT
Wikipedia.org

22. INFERIOR OLIVARY
NUCLEUS
Wikipedia.org

23. GRACILE NUCLEUS
AND CUNEATE
NUCLEUS
http://www.bioon.com/bioline/neurosci
/course/bsen3.gif
Cuneate
nucleus
Gracile
nucleus
Medial lemniscus

24. PYRAMIDAL DECUSSATION:
CORTICOSPINAL TRACT
CROSSES THE MIDLINE
http://www.anatomyatlases.org/Microsc
opicAnatomy/Images/Plate326.jpg

25. COCHLEAR AND VESTIBULAR
NUCLEI ARE EXTENDING FROM
THE INFERIOR PORTION OF THE
PONS TO THE MEDULLA
OBLONGATA AND ARE SPECIAL
SENSORY NUCLEI.
http://www.bioon.com/bioline/neurosci/course
/brst11.gif

26. NUCLEUS AMGIGUUS
HAS BRANCHIAL
MOTOR PART (IX., X.)
AND VISCERAL
MOTOR PART (X.)

27. DORSAL MOTOR
NUCLEUS OF VAGUS IS
VISCERAL MOTOR
NUCLEUS.

28. SPINAL ACCESSORY
NUCLEUS IS
BRANCHIAL MOTOR
NUCLEUS.
http://fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/images/upload-
flashcards/front/5/4/22545550_m.jpg

29. HYPOGLOSSAL
NUCLEUS IS SOMATIC
MOTOR NUCLEUS.

30. NUCLEUS OF THE SOLITARY
TRACT (VII., IX., X.) EXTENDS
FROM THE INFERIOR
PORTION OF THE PONS TO
THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA
AND IT IS VISCERAL
SENSORY NUCLEUS.

31. THE LONGEST BRAINSTEM
NUCLEUS IS...

32. Trigeminal complex of the brainstem is general
sensory nucleus complex.
Mesencephalic nucleus (V., VII.): cells
sensitive to the stretch in our jaw
muscles, in our temporomandibular
joint.
Those cells are very important to
govern chewing behaviour.
Main sensory nucleus or principal
trigeminal nucleus (V., VII., IX., X.)
recieves signals about light touch
from the face.
Spinal trigeminal nucleus (V., VII., IX.,
X.): pain and temperature.
www.bioon.com

33. ˝Open book concept˝
(suggestion of the name by Domina Petric, MD; inspired with Leonard E.
White on-line lectures)
Somatic motor and branchial motor
nuclei are the closes to the midline of
the brainstem.
Visceral motor nuclei are lateral from
somatic and branchial motor nuclei.
Visceral sensory and special visceral
sensory nuclei are more lateral than
visceral motor nuclei.
Somatic sensory and special somatic
sensory nuclei are the most lateral
nuclei in the brain stem. somatic motor and
branchial motor
nuclei
visceral
motor
nuclei
visceral
and special
visceraal
sensory
nuclei
somatic and special
somatic sensory nuclei

34. Literature
https://www.coursera.org/learn/medical-
neuroscience/lecture: Leonard E. White,
PhD, Duke University.
Wikipedia.org
www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com
http://proprofs-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com/images
image.slidesharecdn.com

35. Literature
Pinterest.com
www.studyblue.com
www.bioon.com
www.anatomyatlases.org
what-when-how.com
Cram.com