The document discusses different types of couplings, clutches, and brakes used in mechanical systems. It provides details on: 1) Two main types of couplings - rigid and flexible. Rigid couplings include sleeve, clamp, and flange couplings. Flexible couplings allow for misalignment and include bushed pin, universal, and Oldham couplings. 2) Common clutches like disc, cone, and centrifugal clutches. Disc clutches have two flanges while cone clutches use internal and external cones. Centrifugal clutches engage shoes using centrifugal force. 3) Brake types like block, band, and internal expanding shoe brakes. Block brakes use single or double blocks

1. ENROLLMENT NO:-
Modi Divyang 160600119024
Parmar Prakash K 160600119032
Yadav VijayKumar 160600119057
Baria Samir C 160600119003

2. TOPICS :-
Couplings
Clutches
&
Brakes

3. SLIDE PLAN
1. Introduction
2. Types of Shafts Couplings
3. Couplings uses
4. Requirements of a good shaft
coupling
5. Coupling maintenance and
failure

4. Couplings are mechanical elements that
‘couples’ two drive elements (shafts)
which enables motion to be transferred
from one element to another.

5. TYPES
Shaft couplings are divided into two main
groups.
1) Rigid coupling-: It is used to
connect two shafts which are
perfectly aligned.

6. There are many types of couplings that
fall under the rigid couplings category.
They are
a)Sleeve or muff coupling
b)Clamp or split-muff or
compression coupling, and
c) Flange coupling

7. Sleeve or muff coupling
A Sleeve coupling is
a basic type of coupling.
This consists of a pipe
whose bore is finished
to the required tolerance
based on the shaft size.

8. Clamp or split-muff or compression
coupling
The clamp coupling is
also called compression coupling
or split muff coupling. It a
rigid type of coupling,
the sleeve is made of two
halves, which are split along a
plane passing through the axes of shafts.

9. Flange coupling
This coupling has two
separate cast iron flanges.
Each flange is mounted on
the shaft end and keyed to it.
The two flanges are
Coupled together with
the help of bolts and nuts.

10. 2) Flexible coupling
Flexible couplings are
used to transmit
torque from one shaft
to another when the
two shafts having
both lateral and
angular misalignment.

11. There are many types of couplings that
fall under the flexible couplings
category. They are
a)Bushed pin type coupling
b)Universal coupling and
c)Oldham coupling

12. Bushed pin type coupling
This is modified form of the
protected type flange coupling.
This type of coupling has a pins
and it work as a coupling bolts.
The rubber or leather bushes
are used over the pins. The
coupling is having two half
dissimilar in construction.

13. Universal coupling
A universal coupling, universal
joint, U-joint or Hooke's
joint is a joint or coupling
in a rigid rod that allows
the rod to 'bend' in any
direction, and is commonly
used in shafts that transmit rotary motion.

14. Oldham coupling
An Oldham coupling has
three discs, one coupled
to the input, one coupled
to the output, and a middle
disc that is joined to the
first two by tongue and groove.

15. COUPLINGS USES
• To provide for misalignment of the shafts or to introduce
mechanical flexibility.
• To reduce the transmission of shock loads from one shaft to
another.
• To introduce protection against overloads.
• To alter the vibration characteristics of rotating units.
• To connect driving and the driven part.

16. REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD
SHAFT COUPLING
It should be easy to connect or disconnect.
It should transmit the full power form one
shaft to the other shaft without losses.
It should hold the shafts in perfect alignment.
It should reduce the transmission of shock
loads from one shaft to another shaft.
It should have no projecting parts.

17. COUPLING MAINTENANCE AND FAILURE
COUPLING MAINTENANCE -:
Performing visual inspections, checking for signs of wear
and cleaning couplings regularly.
Checking and changing lubricant regularly if the
coupling is lubricated.
Documenting the maintenance performed on each
coupling, along with the date.

18. COUPLING FAILURE -:
Improper installation.
Poor coupling selection.
Operation beyond design capabilities.
Abnormal noise, such as screeching, squealing or
chattering.
Excessive vibration or wobble.
Failed seals indicated by lubricant leakage or
contamination.

19. REFERENCES
Print Citation
• A Textbook Of Machine Design
By R.S.KHURMI AND J.K.GUPTA
Web Citation
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupling
• www.brighthubengineering.com/.../43237-shaft-couplings-types/
• books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1259006360
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_joint

20. CLUTCHES
 Clutch is a one of the form of coupling.
 Clutches is used to transmit the power from
driving shaft to driven shaft of machine which
may be required to start or stop frequently.
 It is so designed that the two members may be
engaged or disengaged whenever required either
by a hand operated device or automatically by the
action of some power driven devices.

21. Types of clutches :-
clutches
mechanical
positive
contact
clutche
jaw clutch
toothed
clutch
friction
clutches
disc clutch
cone clutch
centrifugal
clutch
pneumatic
hydraulic
electromagneti
c

22. Disc clutches :-
 This type of clutch consists of two flanges, one
flange is rigidly to the driving shaft and other flange
fitted to the driven shaft.
 Single disc clutches are used in automobiles.
 When large torque transmission is required the
multi disc clutch are used.
 Multi disc clutch has more number of contact
surfaces discs on driving and driven shaft.

23. Disc clutches :-

24. Cone clutch :-
 The cone clutch consists two cones , one internal cone
fixed to the driven shaft and another cone fitted on the
driven shaft.
 The operating lever used only for disengagement of
the clutch.
 The main advantage of cone clutch over the disc
clutch is very simple and required less axial pressure to
disengaged the clutch.

25. Cone clutch :-

26. Centrifugal clutch :-
 It consists of a number of shoes on the inside of a
drum or rim of the pulley.
 The upper surface of the shoes are covered with a
friction material.
 The spider is fitted on the driving shaft.
 When centrifugal force is equal to spring force, the
shoe is just floating. But, when centrifugal force higher
than the spring force, the shoes moves outward and
comes into contact with the driven member and
pressure against it.
 The increase of speed causes the shoes to press
harder and clutch transmit more power.

27. Centrifugal clutch:-

28. Jaw clutch :-
 It is consists of segmental projections on one of the
flange and corresponding recesses on other flange on
the driven shaft.
 Driving flange rigidly keyed to the driving shaft
while the other flange is keyed to driven shaft by
splines so that it can slide on that shaft.
 The sliding flange engage with the fixed flange to
transmit the motion and power from driving shaft.
 This clutch is used for the transmission of power in
agricultural equipment like tractor, thresher, etc.

29. Jaw clutch :-

30. BRAKES
 A brake is a mechanical device which produces
frictional resistance against moving machine member, in
order to slow down the motion of machine.
 In the process of performing this function, the brake
absorbs kinetic energy of moving member and the brake
absorbs potential energy of lowering member.
 The energy absorbed by brakes is released to
surrounding in form of heat.

31. Brake Application :-
 A brake is mechanical device which produce frictional
resistance against moving machine member ,in order to
slow down of machine.
 In the process of performing this function, the brake
absorbs kinetic energy of moving member and brake
absorbs potential energy of lowering number.
 The energy absorbed by brake is released to
surrounding in form of heat.

32. Types of brakes :-
Brakes
Mechanical
Block brake
Band brake
Internal or external
expanding shoe
brake
Electrical
Hydraulic

33. Block brake :-
(1) Single block or shoe brake:
A single block is consists of a block which is
pressed against the rim of revolving brake
wheel drum.
This brake is used in railway trains and tram cars.
The prony brake is example of block brake.

34. Single block or shoe brake :-

35. Double block or shoe
brake :-
 It consist of two brake blocks at the opposite ends of
the wheel.
 These shoes apply force to both the sides of wheel
and reduces the Unbalanced force on the shaft.
 This spring pull the upper end of the brake arms
together and Brake is applied.
 When a force is applied to the bell crank level , the
spring is Compressed and the brake is released.
 This brake is used in electric cranes.
The bicycle brake is example of double block brake.

36. Double block or shoe brake :-

37. Band brake :-
 A band brake consists of a flexible steel band lined
with friction material, which wrap to the brake drum.
When an upward force is applied to the lever end, the
lever turns about the fulcrum pin and tightens the
band on the drum and hence the brakes are applied.
 The friction between the band and the drum
provides the braking force.
 This type of brake is used in civil construction
equipment and also in automobiles as hand brake.
The rope brake is example of band brake.

38. Band brake :-

39. Internal expanding
shoe brake :-
 An internal expanding shoe brake consists of two
shoes.
 The outer surface of the shoes are covered with
friction material.
 Each shoe is pivoted at one end about a fixed
fulcrum and other end rests against cam.
 When the cam is operated, the shoe are pushed
outwards against brake drum.
 The friction between the shoes and the drum
produces the braking torque.
 This type of brake is commonly used in motor cars
and light trucks.

40. Internal expanding
shoe brake :-

41. Disc brake :-
 Disc brakes are different from drum brakes
in that the drum is replaced by a circular
metal disc and the brake shoe are replaced by a
caliper which supports a pair of friction
pads , one on each side of the disc.
 These pads are forced inward by the operating
force and also retard the disc.

42. Disc brake :-

43. THANK
YOU