The document describes a cause-effect diagram, also known as a fishbone diagram or Ishikawa diagram. It was created by Kaoru Ishikawa in 1960 as a visual tool to identify and structure potential causes for a particular problem or effect. The diagram presented is a cause-effect diagram for the problem of "Late arrival of students." The major causes identified are: 1) Getting up late due to sleeping patterns or lack of waking, 2) Delays caused by transportation issues, 3) Machine or material malfunctions, 4) Wasting time on trivial matters, and 5) Clashing schedules. Potential solutions are provided for each cause.

1. Cause-Effect Diagram
(Fishbone Diagram or Ishikawa Diagram)
Challenge
3
Deepali Gaikwad
Divya Adity Nadar
Rohin Jacob
College: SIMSREE, Mumbai

2. What is Cause-Effect Diagram
A graphic tool that helps to
Named after Mr. Kaoru Ishikawa – Japanese Quality pioneer in The Kawasaki Shipyards
first used in 1960 and is one of seven basic tools of Japanese quality
Also known as the Ishikawa Diagram , it represents relationship between a given
outcome and all the factors that influence the outcome
Technique was published in the book "Introduction to Quality Control “ by Mr. Kaoru
Ishikawa in 1990
Also called as Fishbone diagram because of the resemblance of the diagram with a
fishbone
Diagram structure :
Problem statement in the head of Fish
Major causes at the end of major bones
Identify
problems
Sort
problems
Display possible
causes of a problem

3. Medical Emergency for self
Getting Up Late
Accident while driving
Caught without papers
of car/bike
Met a friend, started chatting
Got into fight with co-commuter,
missed alight point
Unable to board overcrowded
buses/trains
Medical emergency of relative/friend
Waiting for friends who are late
Slept late previous day
Parents/room partner
did not wake you up
Feeling tired
Feeling lazy
Not motivated
to go to college
Trains/BusesTrains running late
Cancellation due to
technical faults
Strike of drivers
Took wrong
bus/train
Traffic Jam
‘Bandh’ declared by political
parties
Lift not
working
Unaware of college
schedule
Administrative
processes
Autos/Taxis unwilling to
ferry to desired location
Heavy rains disrupting
essential services
Fog blurring visibility
Alarm Clock not
working
Electric Iron
not working
Water Heater
not working
Car/Bike broke
down
Petrol ran out of
Car/bike
No Electricity
Clothes not washed &
pressed
Food unprepared
Toiletries
exhausted
Felt hungry, went outside campus for
food (during break)
Lost Wallet/
mobile Phone
Household
chores
Appointment delayed
Extra/Co-curricular
activities
Late
arrival
of
students
Buying Stationary
SYSTEM PEOPLE
EXTERNAL MATERIAL MACHINE ENVIRONMENT
Cause effect diagram: “Late arrival of Students”

4. Cause
Solution
1. Getting up late due to:
 Sleeping late the previous day
 Parents/siblings/room-partner not waking you up
 Feeling tired
 Feeling lazy
 Not motivated to go to college
Ensure to get up on time by following a proper
schedule and going to bed early
Root causes and their solutions

5. Cause
Solution
2. Delay caused by trains/buses due to:
 Trains running late
 Cancellation of trains due to technical faults
 Strike of drivers
 Taking wrong bus/train
 ‘Bandh’ declared by anti-social elements
Keep a buffer time of 20-25 minutes while
travelling to college

6. Cause
Solution
3. Malfunction of machines and lack of
materials such as:
Alarm clock, Water Heater or Electric Iron not working
Car/Bike broke down
Clothes not washed & pressed
Toiletries exhausted
Check if all the items required for the next day
are in place

7. Cause
Solution
4. Wasting time on trivialities like:
Chatting with a friend who happened to meet on the way
Waiting for friends who are late
Going outside campus for food while hungry (during
break)
Getting into fight with co-commuter and missing alight
point
Keep a tab on the time and do not let trifles
cause delay

8. Cause
Solution
5. Clashing of lecture schedules with:
Extra/Co-curricular activities
Household chores
Administrative processes
Medical appointments for oneself or others
Pre-plan the activities and attend them
according to the appropriate priorities

9. Lessons learned by team
Identification of right causes and the bottlenecks for a problem
Differences between causes, effects and symptoms
Visualization of relationships between causes and problems
Creation of Cause-Effect diagram and when and where to use it
Improved ability to relate with the cause-effect diagram through the
example of “Late arrival of students”
Understanding of why certain events occur and their future prediction
Easier comprehension of events and thus enabling us to brainstorm and collect
possible causes in groups

10. THANK YOU