cause-effect diagram is studied with the help of example of late arrival of students. It helps to find out root cause of any problem and solution to it.

2.  It is created by Kaoru Ishikawa
 Cause-Effect diagram identifies many
possible causes for an effect or problem
 It is used to discover root cause of the
problem
 It was originally developed as a quality
control tool
 It can be used to structure a
brainstorming session

3. Identify the problem
(write it at the centre right of the plane in
the box and draw horizontal line)
Decide major categories of causes of
the problem
(write these as branches from the main arrow )
Identify possible causes
(write these as branches from the appropriate category)

5. Late arrival
of students
Students
Transportation
Class supplies
Place they are
coming from
Oversleeping
No motivation to go
Forget they had class
Miscommunication of time
Car accident
Car breaks down
Bad roads
Late trains and buses
Bad weather
Missing train or bus
Forget the book
Completing homework
Didn’t read chapter
Coming from work
Previous class ran late
ming from lunch break
emergency
Not feeling well
Tiffin was not ready
Uniform was incomplete
Meeting with other
teacher
Previous classroom is far away
Coming with friend

6.  Oversleeping: This is one of the main root cause
for late arrival of students. It delays all other
following activities performed by student to
reach the class.
 Bad weather: It leads to delay or abrupt
breakage in transportation system.
 No motivation to go: Many times students
don’t feel like going to college because of
either disinterest in subject or interest in other
things. In the process of deciding whether to
attend the class or not, they end up coming
late to class.

7.  Students should sleep at proper time so that
they won’t oversleep and get late for the class.
Also they should set alarm to wake up on time.
 If transport system is not working due to bad
weather, students should leave home early
than the usual time. Also teacher can allow
students coming from far distance up to a
specific buffer time.
 To keep interest of students teacher should
make lecture interactive and interesting. Also
they should motivate and make students
understand importance of lecture.

8.  We learnt the procedure to draw cause-
effect diagram and advantage of it in
identifying root cause of any problem.
 We learnt to introspect any given
problem thoroughly and factors causing
that problem. Also we learnt to find
solution by analysing cause-effect
diagram.