history

1. By: SAKSHI VASWANI

2. ⚫Theancient Roman style is said to bea
reproductive form of the Greek and
Etruscanarchitecture.
⚫Together theyare considered to bea
bodyof classical architecture.
⚫Although the Romans have borrowed
much of the Greek style, they have
used theirown knowledge in
construction to improve the arch and
vault forthearchitectural community.

3. ⚫Someof the manyachievements the
Romans used in the nature of their
architectureare the
arch, dome, vault, column, and
aqueduct.
⚫Theseaccomplishmentswere large
steps that added to the
understanding of architecture today.
⚫By reaching these feats the Romans
were able to create many impressive
building and structures.

4. ⚫ Sand
⚫ Pozzolanicconcrete
⚫ Broken pottery
⚫ Pumice stone
⚫ Lime
⚫ Sandstone
⚫ Marble
⚫ Granite
⚫The Romans used many materials to create
everything from masonry pastes towallsand f looring.
⚫Thesearea few of the materials used:
⚫ Chalk
•Wood
•Terracotta
•Ceramics
•Tin
•Iron

5. ⚫Similarly to today, the Romans used manydifferent
tools tosurvey the land and construct buildings.
⚫Thesearea few of the tools thatwere use:
⚫ Dioptra
⚫ Leveling staff
⚫ Groma
⚫ Axes
⚫ Adze
⚫ Lathes
⚫ Saws
⚫ Planes
⚫ Flies
⚫ Calipers
•Saw blades
•Folding rule
•Chisels
•Gouges
•Hammer
•Square
•trepan

6. ⚫ The Romans built there foundationsoutof compact
subsoil and sometimeseven rock.
⚫ The foundationsof Roman buildingswereoften 2 to 3m
thick.
⚫ Often when the ground was damp floor boards would be
placed on short pillars allowing theground beneath todry
out.
⚫ In important public buildings small clay pipesand vent
were placed in thewalls to form a sort of chimney.

7. ⚫ In ancient Rome floors were normally
constructed outof wooden structuresand
boards.
⚫ The f loor boards were laid overcross
beams that rested on supports from the
surrounding walls.
⚫ Forextracomfort wooden f loors were
often covered in straw and then covered
over in mortar. When this isdone the
floors can even be tiled.
⚫ Roofs were made out of wooden trusses
supported by thewalls and covered in tiles.

8. ⚫ In ancient Rome therewere a series of techniques thatcould
be used tocreatewalls.
⚫ Opus reticulatum- a form of brickwork that consists of
diamond shaped tufa blocks and applied with mortar.
⚫ Opus incertum- constructing technique thatuses irregular
shaped uncut rocks thatareapplied with mortar.
⚫ Opus mixtum- applicationof diamond shaped tufa blocks
and bricks thatareapplied with mortar.

9. ⚫Thecolumnwasvery popular in ancient
Romanarchitecture.
⚫Itwas mostlyused forstructural and at
timesdecorative manners.
⚫Columnswereoften constructed in
sectionsand then stack on topof each
other.
⚫The basic column was made out of
wood orstoneand mortar, while more
decorativeones were hand carved.
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10. ⚫ The arch was said to be
invented by the Romans,
however thearch has been
around since prehistoric
times.
⚫ Modified by the Romans, the
arch during this times could
support large amounts of
weight.
⚫ Thearch was used to provide
extrastructure fora building
and was constructed out of
brick, stone, orconcrete.

11. ⚫Constructed between 70-82 AD
⚫Amphitheatreused forgladiator
competitionsand otherpublic
event.
⚫Able toseat at most 87,000
people.
⚫Created by masonryand cut
stones.
⚫Madeoutof travertine
stone, mortar, bricks, and iron
clamps.
⚫Contains
arches, columns, arcades, and
podiums.

12. ⚫ Constructed between 212-216 AD.
⚫ Public bath house that lateradded a
public library to itscomplex.
⚫ Covered approximately 33 acres;
750 feet long, 380 feetwide, 125 feet
in height.
⚫ Capableof holding 1,600 people.
⚫ The Thermae of Caracalla was
destroyed during the Gothic war
demolishing the hydraulic
installations, but the remainsarea
very popular tourist attraction
today.

13. ⚫ The date in which the original
Pantheon was constructed is
unknown, but itwas rebuilt in 126
AD.
⚫ Roman temple built to honorall of
thegods.
⚫ Named forall of the statues placed
around the building and its
resemblance to the heavens.
⚫ This circular building is
constructed with agrand
porch, three rows of columns, and a
dome with a centered oculus to the
sky.
⚫ The Pantheons dome is still the
largest unreinforced concrete dome
in theworld today.

14. ⚫ Roman mausoleum in Ravenna,
Italy.
⚫ Constructed between 425-430 AD.
⚫ Originallycreated to be a
mausoleum, the building is
shaped like the Greek cross.
⚫ The mausoleum hold three
sarcophagi containing the burnt
remains of Galla Placidia, her
brotherand her husband.
⚫ This building contains a dome and
the interior is covered in Byzantine
mosaics.