1. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that HIRDAY GUPTA of class XII-C has worked
under my guidance and supervision on the project.
To prepare poster paints and pigments by various
chemical reactions.
All the assistance and help received during the course of study
has been fully acknowledged by him.
PRINCIPAL
MRS JENIFER TYTLER
J.D. TYTLER SCHOOL
NEW RAJINDER NAGAR
SUPERVISOR
DR. AZHAR ASLAM KHAN
DEPARTMENT OF CEMISTRY
J.D. TYTLER SCHOOL
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I would like to thank CBSE board and our school for giving me such a wonderful
opportunity of entering the world of science.
I am also grateful to HONOURABLE MADAM PRICIPAL for providing us the laboratory and
the appropriate apparatus.
I gratefully acknowledge the effective guidance and constant encouragement received from
our chemistry teacher and mentor DR. AZHAR ASLAM KHAN who has been a great
source of inspiration. His constant motivation and guidance has helped me to complete
this project.
Also I would like to thank MR. BANS BAHADUR (Lab Assistant) for his utmost co-operation
and support.
Last but not the least I thank my parents for always being so supportive.
The immense support and thorough supervision of my mentors have constantly been my
guiding source which has made me cross all the hurdles while working on this project
.Time and again , I thank them and feel obliged to work under their guidance.
HIRDAY GUPTA
XII-C
2017 - 2018
6. INTRODUCTION
PIGMENTS : A pigment is a finely divided material , which contributes to optical and
other properties of paints.
Pigments can be classified to their competition:
1.)organic pigments
2.)Inorganic pigments
ORGANIC PIGMENTS : These include various kinds of photosynthesis pigments.
Seven types of chlorophyll are known , viz a, b, c, d, e bacteriochlorophyll and
all these chlorophyll molecules contains magnesium porphyrin head which is
hydrophillic and a long hydrocarbon tail attached to the pophyrin head is
lilophilic. Relatively minor variations in the kinds and grouping of other atoms
joined to this head and tail skeleton account for the difference among different
types of chlorophyll a and b are the most abundant one found in all autotrophic
plants , except photosynthesis bacteria. Chlorophyll a posses a methyl(-CH3)
whereas chlorophyll b possess an aldehyde (-CHO) group .
INORGANIC PIGMENTS : Most of the inorganic pigment are complexes formed by
transition elements. A large number of complexes formed by transition elements
are coloured , both in solid state and aqueous solution. However, the most
common and useful classification is by colour .
7. Using simple chemical reactions and techniques ,we can make pigments.
Poster Paints are made by grinding a pigment or a mixture of pigments to a
very fine powder and then suspending the powder in a suitable liquid so as to
give a very fine and uniform suspension.
For preparing poster paints the pigments are thoroughly mixed with the
medium.
Paints are made of inorganic pigments , which sometimes get hardening ;
adding a little amount of warm water can soften them but if the pigments are
organic in nature , then an organic solvent is required to soften it.
MEDIUM : The pigments thus formed from the various chemical reactions are
added to a medium to get the required poster paints .
The medium provides a stable base for the unstable pigments where the
pigments comes in the reaction with the medium such as shampoo , gum for
the desired outcome of poster paint.
Medium can be easily prepared by glue , shampoo and water. All we have to do
is mix some glue with shampoo in water. Finally dissolve the precipitates in
the medium and the poster paints are ready.
Preparation of poster colours
8. PREPRATION OF MEDIUM
Dissolve 10 g of water in 30g of transparent glue and
few drops of detergent to make due medium and finally
add due precipitate to get the required paint.
9. CHEMICALS REQUIRED :-
1. 10g of Anhydrous Sodium Carbonate
2. 30g of Lead Nitrate
REACTIONS INVOLVED :-
Pb(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 PbCO3 + 2NaNO3
PbCO3 + H2O (PbCO3)2.Pb(OH)2 + CO2
10.
11. PROCEDURE
1. Dissolve the 10 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate in 100 ml
water.
2. Cool the solution to the room temperature.
3. To this solution of 30 g of Lead Nitrate dissolve in 150 ml of hot
boiling water.
4. Lead Nitrate solution is added to previous solution slowly while
stirring.
5. The precipitate thus formed is the required pigment.
6. The pigment is filtered using a funnel , which is then added to
the medium to get the required paint.
12. CHEMICALS REQUIRED:-
1. 5g of Hydrated iron (III) chloride
2.10g of Potassium ferrocyanide
REACTIONS INVOLVED:-
3K4[Fe(CN)6] + 4FeCl3 Fe4[Fe(CN)6] + 12KCl
13.
14. PROCEDURE
1. Dissolve 5g of Hydrated iron(III) chloride in 50 ml of
water.
2. Dissolve the 10g of potassium ferrocyanide in 75 ml of
water.
3. Mix the two solutions with constant stirring.
4. This pigment is then filtered by using a funnel , which is
then added to the medium to get the required paint.
15. CHEMICALS REQUIRED:-
1. 7g of Potassium chromate
2. 10g of Lead nitrate
REACTION INVOLVED:-
k2CrO4 + Pb(NO3)2 PbCrO4 + 2KNO3
16.
17. PROCEDURE
1. Dissolve the 7 g of potassium chromate in 50ml water.
2. Dissolve the 10 gm of lead nitrate in 100ml of water.
3. Heat the solution to complete the dissolution of two
components.
4. Cool the above solution.
5. Add the chromate solution into lead nitrate
6. The precipitate thus formed is the required pigments.
7. This pigment is filtered by using a funnel , which is then
added to the required medium.
18. Chemicals required :-
1. 15g of sodium bicarbonate
2. 15g of copper sulphate
REACTIONS INVOLVED:-
CuSO4 + NaHCO3 CuCO3 + NaHSO4
NaHCO3 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
19.
20. PROCEDURE
1. Dissolve the 5g of Sodium Bicarbonate in 500 ml water.
2. Dissolve the 15g of copper sulphate in 100 ml of slightly
acidic water.
3. Slowly add Sodium Bicarbonate solution to Copper
Sulphate solution with constant stirring.
4. Carbon dioxide is formed with the formation of sea green
pigment.
5. This pigment is then filtered using a funnel , which is then
added to a medium to get the required paint .
21. CHEMICALS REQUIRED:-
1. Fehling’s solution A
2. Fehling’s solution B
3. 10 g powdered glucose.
REACTIONS INVOLVED:-
2Cu(OH)2 + C6H12O6 Cu2O + Oxidation products
22.
23. PROCEDURE
1. Mix the Fehling’s solution A and B in a beaker and heat in
water bath to a temperature about 70ºC .
2. To this solution add 10 g of powdered glucose with stirring.
3. Heat the solution strongly over the wire gauze to obtain
the red precipitate.
4. Constantly transfer the solution to the other beaker and
keep heating to obtain the red precipitate.
5. This pigment is then filtered by using a funnel , which is
then added to the medium to get the required paint.
24. CHEMICALS REQUIRED:-
1. 5g of Cobalt Nitrate
2. 10 g of Sodium Bicarbonate
REACTIONS INVOLVED:-
2NaHCO3 + Co(NO3)2 2NaNO3 + Co(HCO3)2
PURPLISH PINK
25.
26. PROCEDURE
1. Dissolve the 5gm of Sodium Bicarbonate in 50 ml of
water.
2. Dissolve the 10 g of Cobalt Nitrate in 100ml water.
warm the solution to complete the dissolution of two
components.
3. Cool the above solution. Add the bicarbonate into
Cobalt Nitrate solution with constant stirring.
4. The precipitate thus formed is the required pigment.
5. This pigment is then filtered using a funnel ,which is
then added to the medium to get the required paint.
27. CHEMISTRY BOOK (N.C.E.R.T)
icbse.com
Britannica Encyclopedia
Modern Chemistry
