The urban transportation systems are very complex in nature, they combine different modes of transportation over a limited space in high density areas with increasing transport demand. With variety of information needed in the field of Transportation, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is used as a valuable tool for the representation and analysis of transportation systems.

1. GIS BASED URBAN TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM FOR ALLAHABAD CITY
Presented
by
Dinesh Kumar Azad
M. Tech. (GIS & Remote Sensing)
Supervised
by
Dr. A. K. Singh
Professor,CED, MNNIT Allahabad

2. OUTLINE OF THESIS
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Methodology
 Design and Creation of Database
 Analysis and Results
 Conclusions and Recommendations

3. 1. INTRODUCTION
 The urban transportation systems are very complex in nature,
they combine different modes of transportation over a limited
space in high density areas with increasing transport demand.
 With variety of information needed in the field of
Transportation, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is used
as a valuable tool for the representation and analysis of
transportation systems.

4. SCOPE OF GIS
 GIS combines a powerful visualization environment with a
strong analytic and modeling framework that is rooted in the
science of geography.
 This combination has resulted in a technology that is science-
based, trusted, and easily communicated across cultures, social
classes, languages, and disciplines.
 Transportation data encompasses a wide range of spatial data
entities that are fundamental to many Geographic Information
System and cartographic applications.
Cont…..

5. OBJECTIVES
 To survey the transportation systems existed in Allahabad.
 To prepare GIS database based on the basis of survey for Allahabad
transportation.
 To prepare maps showing existing routes and stops for the city using
GIS.
 To present components of transport systems in a GIS environment.
 To analyze transportation system exists using GIS software.
 To suggest for applying GIS for the systems having spatial informations.
Cont…..

6. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
 A GIS is, “An organized collection of computer hardware,
software, geographic data, and personnel designed to
efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and
display all forms of geographically referenced information.”
 GIS is a systematic integration of Computer Hardware,
Software and Spatial Data, for capturing, storing, displaying,
updating manipulating and analyzing, in order to solve
complex management problems.

7. THREE VIEWS OF A GIS
Cont…..
 A map is only one way you can work with geographic data in a GIS, and only one
type of product generated by a GIS.
 A GIS can provide a great deal more problem-solving capabilities than using a
simple mapping program or adding data.
 To support this vision, a GIS needs to support 3 views for working with geographic
information.

8.  The Geodatabase view : It is a spatial database containing datasets that
represent geographic information in terms of a generic GIS data model—features,
rasters, attributes, topologies, networks, and so forth. Fundamentally, a GIS is based
on a structured database that describes the world in geographic terms.
 The Geovisualisation view: A GIS is a set of intelligent maps and other views
that show features and feature relationships on the earth’s surface. Various map
views of the underlying geographic information can be constructed and used as
“windows into the geographic database” to support query, analysis, and editing of
geographic information.
 The Geoprocessing view: A GIS is a set of information transformation tools that
derive new information from existing datasets. These geoprocessing functions take
information from existing datasets, apply analytic functions, and write results into
new derived datasets.
Cont…..

9. TRANSPORTATION
 Transport or transportation is the movement of people and
goods from one location to another.
 Transport is performed by various modes, such as air, rail,
road, water, cable, pipeline and space.
 The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and
operations.
Cont…..

10.  Infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for
transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways,
canals and pipelines.
 Vehicles traveling on these networks include vehicles of
appropriate types such as automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains,
trucks people, helicopters, and aircraft.
 Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and
the procedures set for this purpose including financing,
legalities and policies.
Cont…..

11. CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS
1. Expressway
1. Arterial Roads
2. Collector Roads
3. Access Roads
Cont…..

12. 1. Expressway : Function of expressways is to cater for movement of heavy
volumes of motor traffic at high speeds.
They are generally signal free by providing with grade separation at
intersections. Parking, loading and unloading of goods and pedestrian
traffic are not permitted on these roads.
2. Arterial roadways: IT consist of Federal or State highways or heavily
traveled streets that carry high volume of regional or intercommunity
traffic.
Arterial roads form the basic framework of the transportation network of
the Village.
Ideally, local streets should have limited access to arterials and curb
parking on arterials should be avoided except where vehicular volumes are
light.
Cont…..

13. 3. Collector Roads: A collector road is a low or moderate-capacity road
which is below a highway or arterial road level of service.
Collector roads tend to lead traffic from local roads or sections of
neighbourhoods to activity areas within communities, arterial roads or
(occasionally) directly to expressways or freeways.
4. Access Roads: Any street or narrow stretch of paved surface that leads
to a specific destination, such as a main highway is an access road.
In urban areas, access roads are frequently one-way roads when they exist
on both sides of a highway.
Cont…..

14. 3. METHODOLOGY
Updated Digital Map
Study Area
System Requirement Analysis
Identification of Spatial and Non-spatial Data
Database Design
Database Creation
SOI Maps & Engineering Drawings Statistical Registry of Roads
Scanning, Image Registration &
Digitization
Different Layers of Digital
Maps such as Roads, Stops &
Ward Boundaries
Data Collection Sheets with
Updated Road Statistics
Field Survey & Information
Collection
Additional Digitization
Quality Checking of spatial Data
Integration in GIS Environment
Analysis
Result
Final Updated Digital Maps in
GIS Environment
Attribute Database in MS Office Excel
2003
Spatial Non-spatial

15. 4. DESIGN AND CREATION OF DATABASE
Database design is divided into three major activities:
1. Conceptual Design: Conceptual design is the first step in database design where
the contents of the intended database are identified and described. This step is
intended to describe “what the GIS will do.”
Georeferencing of the
Maps
Creation of Shape Files
Digitization of Layers
Preparation of
Geodatabases

16. 2. Logical Design: It is a detailed layout that fills in the conceptual design in
accordance with a specific data model. It deals with “how the GIS will be
implemented?”
Cont…..
Public Transport:
Taxi Routes
Bus Routes
City Roads:
Arterial Roads
Collector Roads
Access Roads Stands
Bus Stands
Taxi Stands
Intermediate Stops
Common Stands
National Roads:
National
Highways
State Highways
Geographical Information System
Spatial Data Maps

17. 3. Physical Design: In this logical data model was represented in the schema. In this
final layout of each geographic dataset and independent table has been made.
GIS Database
Spatial (Map Layers) Database:
• Land
use/Ward/Parcels/zones
• Roads & Routes
• Place of Interests/ Bus/Taxi
Stands
Attribute Database:
• Habitations-Census
details,
Area, population, Social
data structure.
• Road Details- Class,
subclass,
road width and Condition
data
• Parcel –building
categories,
name etc
Raster and Vectorisation
of maps
Integration of Data
Map for Urban
Transportation of
Allahabad City
Cont…..

18. Database for the system has been created in two steps:
1. Assembling of the data
i. Spatial Data
ii. Non-spatial Data
2. Preparation of Data for Analysis
Database Creation
Cont…..

19. Spatial Data
Allahabad Guide Map_1989
Allahabad Guide Map 1989
Cont…..

20. Cont…..
Allahabad Ward Map

21. Cont…..
4
Allahabad Google Map
Allahabad Google Earth Map ( mossaiced )

22. Non-spatial Data
Cont…..

23. DATABASE PREPARATION
 Creation of Shape files in ArcCatlog
2. Creation of Layers in ArcMap ( Digitization of Layers)
Cont…..
0 2.5 5
1.25
Kilometers
±
Allahabd Roads 2009
Legend
Allahabad_Roads_2009
Road Layers

24. Cont…..
Alen Ganj
Cantonment Board
Jahagirabad
Mundera
University Area
Karaila Bag
Harwara
Dara Ganj
Kareli
Civil Area II
Phapha Mau
Quazi Pur
Sadiabad
Jaintipur
Salori
Shiv Kuti
Beni Ganj
Neem Sarai
Azad Square
Govindpur
Ram Bagh
0 2 4
1
Kilometers
±
Allahabad Wards
Allahabd Ward Map

25. Cont…..
0 3 6
1.5
Kilometers
±
Allhabad Land-used
Legend
Education
Entertainment
Government
Habitational
Health
Historical/Cultural/Archeological
Industrial
Other
Public_uses & Services
Traffic & Transportation
Vocational
Allahabd Land Used Map

26. 3. Creation of Routes: A route is simply a linear feature with measures, which are
created from existing lines in ArcGIS. Route editing toolbar is used for this work.
Procedure is given as under.
1. On the Editor toolbar, click Start Editing from the Editor menu.
2. Click the Target Layer dropdown arrow and click a route layer.
3. Click the Edit tool on the Editor toolbar, move the mouse pointer over a line feature, and
click the feature. Press the Shift key and continue to click all the features which is to be
created as route.
4. Click the Make Route button on the Route Editing toolbar.
5. Click the Start Point button.
6. Move the mouse over the selected linear features and click the map when the start point is
where I want the route measures to start.
7. Click the option for how I want the route measure values to be obtained.
8. Adjust the Multiply measures by and Start measure values if necessary.
9. Click Make Route.
.
Cont…..

27. 4. Creation of File Geodatabase: File geodabase is needed for large
storage of data. There are a lot of data used in my thesis, I required the
File geodatabase.
The steps creating the file geodatabase are as follows:
 Right-click the Thesis folder in the ArcCatalog tree.
 Point to New.
 Click File Geodatabase.
 ArcCatalog creates a new file geodatabase in the Project folder.
 Rename the new file geodatabase as “Allahabad” by right-clicking on the new
file geodatabase name and choosing rename.
Cont…..

28. 5. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
Road Network:
The road network characteristics vary through the city. The network can be
divided into three major areas– the Old City, Civil Lines, and the Rest of
the City.
The Old City has an irregular road network comprising of major roads. All
are linked with the Major Arterial Road, the Grand Trunk Road, which
passes through the heart of the city and interlinked with each other.
The secondary roads are narrower and congested in Atarsuiya and Malvia
Nagar. There is an absence of broad roads in the south of the GT road.

29. Cont…..
Old City Roads

30. There is a Major Arterial road network of Zero Road, Leader Road, Swami
Vivekanand Road, Netaji Subhash Chandra Road etc. in the north of the
GT road.
Cont…..

31. The Civil Lines area is a well planned in the form of gridiron
pattern interspersed with open park like spaces.
 Kasturba Gandhi Marg, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Nawab Yusuf
Road, Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg, Sardar Patel Marg,
Purshottamdas Tandon Marg etc are main roads of Civil Line
area.
 Purshottamdas Tandon Marg is playing a very important role
like G.T.Road. National Highway 96 is also passing through
this area.
Cont…..

32. Cont…..
Civil Line Roads

33. The Rest of the City comprises of Mumfordganj and Phaphamau in the north,
Allapur in the east, Sulem Sarai in the west and Naini in the south. The road
network in these areas varies from 2 lanes to a single lane.
Excluding Allapur, each area has a Hihghway. Mumfordganj and Phaphamau are
having NH 96, Sulem sarai and Mundera are having NH 2, and Naini is having
NH 27.
Cont…..

34. Government Bus Terminals:
There are three bus terminals in Allahabad – Civil Lines, Leader Road and Zero
Road, which are operated by Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation
(UPSRTC) .
These terminals, provides services for inter-cities as well as local transportations.
UPSRTC has a fleet size of 450 buses for inter-city trips and 120 buses for local
trips.
Intercity Transportation:
The civil lines terminal provides connectivity to Gorakhpur, Varanasi, Lucknow,
Faizabad, Nepal etc. Leader Road terminal connects Allahabad to Delhi, Kanpur
and Uttaranchal. Zero road links Allahabad to Rewa and other parts of Madhya
Pradesh.
Cont…..

35. Local Transportation by UPSRTC
Leader Road bus terminal connects to Manauri, Mundera, Sulem Sarai,
Subedar Ganj, Bamrauli, Pura Mufti etc. through NH 2 and Phaphamau,
Teliarganj, Nawab Ganj, Mansurabad etc through NH 96.
Civil Line bus terminal provides connectivity to Jhusi, Hanuman Ganj,
Saidabad, etc through NH 2.
Zero Road terminal links to Naini, Mza road, Manda Road, Zigana etc through
NH 27.
Cont…..

36. There are 8 routes through which these buses are passed.
Cont…..

37. Private Bus Terminals
In absence of an efficient public transportation system in the city, it has to operate by
private buses which operates from different parts of the city.
There are 6 routes on which these buses are operated from 6 terminals.
Cont…..

38. Cont…..

39. Taxi Terminals
There are 14 defined routes (route no 1 to route no 14) on which these three
wheelers are moved.
These modes are operated from Rambagh, Civil line, Govindpur, Jhusi,
Allahabad Jn, Kutchehari, and Bai ka Bagh.
Route 1 and Route 3 changes roads in their up and down movement.
Cont…..

40. Cont…..

41. Cont…..

42. Parking
Allahabad has four major commercial areas namely Chowk (old city), Katra, Zero
Road and Civil Lines area. A parking analysis is performed for the roads lying in
these areas.
Cont…..

43. Civil Lines area has a wide street network .There is a provision for on-
street parking along the linear commercial areas on either side of the road.
In case of old city area there are no parking provisions. The vehicles are
parked on the carriageway resulting in traffic jams and congestion. There is
no proper demarcated cycle rickshaw stand, which occupies a significant
share in the public transport.
In Katra the situation is more complicated because of narrow streets. The
vehicles are parked on the streets resulting in frequent traffic jams. Absence
of footpath force the pedestrians to walk on the carriageway resulting in
conflict between pedestrians and vehicular traffic.
There is a large mix of motorized and non-motorized traffic in the Zero
road area which results in low average speeds of 5-25 km/ hr and delays.
Cycle rickshaws, two wheelers and cycles occupy major share in traffic in
the old city.
Cont…..

44. 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
1. GT road (NH-2) crosses the city. This leads to the unwanted entry of heavy
vehicles within the city and creates accident-prone area throughout the stretch.
This problem shall be partially eliminated by the completion of Allahabad bye-
pass by NHAI.
2. Bus terminals are located in the core city area. Which are leading to acute the
problem of traffic jams accidents, congestion and degradation of urban character.
3. Allahabad city has a complex road network and route systems. It has a well planed
route for taxies where as no planning is done for Buses.
4. PD Tondon Marg playes an important role like a GT road in the City.

45. Recommendations
1. GIS should be used not only to analyze the transportation systems but also must
be used to analyze the system which has the spatial information.
2. Maps used for the analysis should be in a proper scale so as to correct
information can be extracted. Large scale will be beneficial for this purpose.
3. All the work should be performed after creating a File geodatabase, because it
has larger storage capacity than Personal geodatabase.
Cont…..