urban design - urban studies - housing

1. Urban Design
&Housing 2
DINA MOHAMED 20160534
RESIDENTIAL COMPOUND

2. A set of regulations to ensure the factors of :
Ventilation / Natural Daylight
Safety
Economics
Aesthetics (e.g. National organization of Urban Harmony)
Residential Block Residential Block :
A group of buildings surrounding by street network from all directions

3. Regulation 1 :
Distance between street axis:
- Distances which can make two residential buildings back to back
6m module
- Can vary according to urban program
36 meter
54 meter
72 meter

4. Regulation 2 :
Land ratio:
X : Y max 1 : 2
1 : 2
1 : 1
1 : 3
To make maximum number of buildings on the
street to maximize benefits of infra-structure,
orientation , esthetics on the street with ensuring
the ventilations and lighting factors (architecture
design)
Y
X

5. Regulation 3 :
Building Line recess and height :
Reasons:
Front
Back
Side
Solid and void
Percentage within plot
(50-60% Solid)
Separate
Semi-attached
Attached
Ventilation
Natural Daylight
Aesthetics
Building heights : h < 1.5 street width

6. Regulation 4 :
Internal streets (neighborhood-clusters-compounds):
Reasons:
Safety Reducing the speed
Privacy
internal street network
must be designed to
avoid crossing-through
circulation
Bending

7. Regulation 5 :
Cul de sac (dead end street)
L = 150 m (secondary) – 450 m (main)
R1 (Internal Radius) > 9m
R2 (External Radius ) > 12m
Reasons:
Safety (emergency)

8. Regulation 6 :
To reduce the speed in the residential areas located on highways
Regulation 7 :
Streets intersections:
Reasons:
Safety (accidents)
INTERSECTIONS
LOOPS
X
X

9. Regulation 8 :
Pedestrian paths:
Residential block < 250 meter long
If exceeds we must make a
pedestrian path each 150 meter
Safety ( emergency )
Accessibility
Ventilation
Reasons:

10. Regulation 9 :
Residential block:
The width of land plots must be oriented on all surrounding
streets
Reasons:
Economic
Aesthetics

11. Regulation 10 :
Inner courts :
Service courts: (bathrooms- kitchens- services)
Minimum Side = 2.5 m (more than 3floor = 3m)
Area not less than 10 m2 (more than 3 floor =15 m2)
Residential courts: (bedrooms- living- dinning-
activities…..)
Minimum Side = 8 m
Area not less than the square of 1/3 of the building
height. (1/3 h2)
Ventilation
lighting
Reasons:

12. Regulation 11 :
Residential recess:
Used to maximize the elevation benefits for ventilation
and natural light
Ventilation
Light
Reasons:
Ratio
Depth : Width (max) = 2 : 1
d
w

13. Other standers :
Neighborhood
Street
Neighborhood Main Street Yield Street
Boulevar
d
Residential Boulevard

14. Other standers :
Green Alley Residential Shared Street
Commercial Alley Commercial Shared Street

15. Housing Basic Concepts :
1. Gross Residential Density ‫االجمالية‬ ‫االسكانية‬ ‫الكثافة‬:
Number of residents
Total area of the compound
2. Net Residential Density ‫الصافية‬ ‫االسكانية‬ ‫الكثافة‬:
Number of residents
Area assigned for housing
*** This area does not include:
local streets, paths, green areas, open spaces, grave yards,
army land, etc.
Residential Area % = Gross Residential Density x 100
Net Residential Density
*** The nearer the value of GRD to the NRD, The bigger the area of
housing in the site.
X> 6m
Relationship between gross& net densities
Pers./feeds
Pers./hectare
Pers./km2
‫االرض‬ ‫من‬ ‫لالسكان‬ ‫المخصصة‬ ‫النسبة‬
‫اقصى‬ ‫بحد‬ ‫المساحات‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫االجمالية‬ ‫الكثافة‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫عند‬
6‫االراضى‬ ‫استعماالت‬ ‫حدود‬ ‫من‬ ‫متر‬

16. Y
ْ
ْ
X
X
Y
PR = x(0.5x+1)
y
PR = 5 * x
y
6. Over Crowding Average ‫التزاحم‬ ‫معدل‬:
= Number of people in the dwelling unit
Number of rooms
5. Plot Ratio/Floor Area Ratio : ‫االرتفاع‬ ‫معدل‬/‫االستغالل‬ ‫معامل‬
= Sum of the floors
Total area of the site
4. Building Coverage ‫البنائية‬ ‫الكثافة‬:
= Sum of Buildings Foot Prints
Total area of the site
Housing Basic Concepts :
3. Population Density ‫السكانية‬ ‫الكثافة‬:
*** Used for cities and countries
*** Egypt: 70 pers/km2 or 0.29 pes./feeds

17. Housing Basic Concepts :
7. Floor Area/Person ‫السكنية‬ ‫المساحة‬ ‫من‬ ‫الفرد‬ ‫نصيب‬
Total area of floors = ….. m2/pers.
Number of Dwellers
8. Cone of Vision and Space Ratio
a. No feeling of claustrophobia

18. Housing Basic Concepts :
b. Comfortable spaces
c. No feeling of claustrophobia
Public
Semi
Public
Semi
PrivatePrivate
9. Hierarchy of Residential Spaces

19. Types of Housing :
1- The single family house (Detached type)
2- Semi Attached family house
3- Attached family house

20. Grouping according to Road Networks
Regular fingers Cul - de -sac
Fingers according to
topography
Internal streets Free planning Streets crossing the site
Peripheral car service
with internal courts

21. Grouping according to Buildings
1. Linear grouping 2. Grouping around a closed space
3. Grouping around a core
Mixture of
Building Blocks
in one site
Attached
Blocks around
semi-closed
spaces
Linear
grouping –
separate
Buildings