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Biosphere
- 2. ECOLOGY • SCIENTISTS STUDY HOW ORGANISMS INTERACT WITH OTHER ORGANISMS AS WELL AS WITH THE ENVIRONMENT • THIS SECTION AIMS TO EXPOSE STUDENTS TO VARIOUS INTERACTIONS IN NATURE BY VARIOUS ORGANISMS AS WELL AS THE TERMINOLOGIES THAT
- 3. IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES TO KNOW •POPULATION •COMMUNITY •ECOSYSTEM •BIOME •BIOSPHERE •BIODIVERSITY
- 4. POPULATION IS A GROUP OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT IS CAPABLE OF INTERBREEDING LIVING TOGETHER IN THE SAME HABITAT
- 5. COMMUNITY FIRST POPULATION SECONDPOPULATION THIRD POPULATION A GROUP OF SEVERAL POPULATIONS OCCUPYING THE SAME HABITAT
- 6. ECOSYSTEM REFERS TO THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF LIVING ORGANISISMS AND THE NON-LIVING
- 8. BIODIVERSITY
- 9. BIOSPHERE DEFINITION> THE BIOSPHERE IS THE ENTIRE PART OF THE EARTH THAT CAN MAINTAIN LIFE • THIS IS WHERE LIVING ORGANISMS ARE FOUND • IT IS DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS… LIFE
- 10. 1. ATMOSPHERE • A LAYER OF GASES SURROUNDING THE EARTH • THE THREE MOST IMPORTANT FOUND IN THE ATMOSPHERE ARE NITROGEN (78%), OXYGEN (21%) AND CARBON DIOXIDE (0,03%)
- 11. 2. LITHOSPHERE • THE ROCKS AND SOIL THAT FORM THE EARTH’S LAND MASSES • IT PROVIDES HABITAT FOR PLANTS AND ANIMALS • IT IS A SOURCE OF MINERALS ESSENTIAL FOR GROWTH IN PLANTS
- 12. 3. HYDROSPHERE • REFERS TO THE PART OF THE EARTH THAT CONSISTS OF WATER • WATER COVERS ¾ OF THE EARTHS SURFACE, 97% IS IN THE OCEANS • OF ALL THE ABUNDANT WATER, ONLY 3% IS EVEN SUITABLE FOR CONSUMPTION (VEDANTVERMA, 2014) • IT PROVIDES WATER TO PLANTS
- 13. BIOME • A MAJOR REGION OF THE BIOSPHERE CHARACTERIZED CERTAIN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND TYPES OF ORGANISMS THAT INHABIT THE REGION • INCLUDES A VARIOUS NUMBER OF COMMUNITIES WHICH ARE ADAPTED TO LIVE IN THAT KIND OF HABITAT • BIOMES ARE NOT DIVIDED BY PROVINCIAL OR NATIONAL BORDERS BETWEEN DIFFERENT AREAS AND CAN EXTEND TO ONE AREA OVER TO ANOTHER
- 14. 8 BIOMES OF SOUTHERN AFRICA 1.CLIMATE 2.VEGETATION 3.ANIMAL LIFE Five will be discussed by their:
- 15. 1. SAVANNAH BIOME SOUTHERN AFRICA’S LARGEST BIOME, CARRYING 46% OF ITS AREA SHADED IN RED ON THE SOUTH AFRICAN MAP REGULAR FIRES OFTEN OCCUR, PREVENTING TREES FROM
- 16. SAVANNAH •CLIMATE SUMMERS ARE HOT AND WET I.E. THERE IS FAIRLY ENOUGH RAINFALL WINTERS ARE COOL WITH LITTLE OR NO RAIN, FROST OCCURS
- 17. SAVANNAH BIOME • VEGETATION BIOME CONSISTS OF GRASSES, SHRUBS AND TREES E.G. BAOBAB TREE, MARULA TREE
- 18. SAVANNAH BIOME •ANIMAL LIFE THERE IS A VARIETY OF BIG GAME SPECIES SUCH AS THE BIG FIVE •TOURISTS OFTEN VISIT GAME FORMS IN THIS BIOME
- 19. THE BIG FIVE
- 20. 2. GRASSLAND BIOME OCCURS IN LARGE PARTS OF GAUTENG, MPUMALANGA, AND KWAZULU-NATAL SHADED IN YELLOW ON THE MAP THIS BIOME IS SIMILAR TO
- 21. GRASSLAND •CLIMATE SUMMERS ARE HOT WITH HIGH RAINFALL WINTERS ARE COLD WITH FROST VEGETATION THE BIOME IS DOMINATED BY LARGE GRASSES WHICH GROW ON FERTILE
- 22. GRASSLAND ANIMAL LIFE LARGE HERBIVORES SUCH AS WILDEBEESTS, SPRINGBOK ARE FOUND ALONG WITH THE BIG FIVE
- 24. 3. NAMA-KAROO BIOME THE SECOND LARGEST BIOME IN SOUTHERN AFRICA COVERS MOST PARTS OF THE FREE STATE, NORTHERN CAPE AND EXTENDS TO NAMIBIA IT IS REGARDED AS A SEMI DESERT AREA SHADED IN BROWN ON THE
- 25. NAMA-KAROO BIOME •CLIMATE SUMMERS ARE VERY HOT WINTERS ARE VERY COLD AREA RECEIVES VERY LITTLE RAIN
- 26. NAMA-KAROO BIOME •VEGETATION THIS BIOME CONSISTS OF GRASSES AND SHRUBS •ANIMAL LIFE ANIMALS THAT INHABIT THIS BIOME ARE ABLE TO ENDURE EXTREME TEMPERATURES E.G. HARE, JACKALS AND FOXES
- 27. Can you tell me which of these animals is a fox, hare and jackal
- 28. 4. THE SUCCULENT- KAROO THIS BIOME IS FOUND ALONG THE COASTAL AREAS OF THE NORTHERN CAPE AND EXTENDS TO NAMIBIA THE BIOME IS SIMILAR TO THE NAMA-KAROO
- 29. SUCCULENT KAROO •CLIMATE SUMMERS ARE HOT WINTERS ARE COLD THERE IS VERY LOW RAINFALL ANIMAL LIFE ONE OF THE FEW ANIMALS FOUND IS THE MEERKAT
- 30. THE SUCCULENT KAROO •VEGETATION THE BIOME IS A HABITAT TO PLANTS MORE THAN ANIMALS AND FAMOUS FOR ITS COLOURFUL WILD FLOWERS MOST PLANTS FOUND IN THIS BIOME ARE ENDEMIC (NOT FOUND ANYWHERE ELSE IN THE WORLD SOME PLANTS STORE WATER IN THEIR LEAVES AND STEMS TO SURVIVE DRY SEASONS (KNOWN AS SUCCULENT PLANTS) E.G ALOE VERA
- 32. 5. THE DESERT BIOME THIS BIOME IS FOUND LARGELY IN THE NAMIB DESERT AND IS MOSTLY FORMED BY THE NAMA- KAROO AND SUCCULENT BIOME
- 33. DESERT BIOME •CLIMATE TEMPERATURES ARE REGULARLY HIGH SUCH THAT THE RATE OF EVAPORATION EXCEEDS THE RATE OF PRECIPITATION (DRY) •THERE IS LOW AMOUNT OF RAINFALL WHICH IS ALSO UNRELIABLE
- 34. DESERT BIOME •VEGETATION THERE IS LITTLE PLANT LIFE IN THIS BIOME •ONE OF THE FEW PLANTS IS THE CACTUS •ANIMAL LIFE A LARGE NUMBER OF ENDEMIC REPTILES INHABIT THIS BIOME E.G. CAN YOU THINK OF ANY ANIMAL
- 36. The End!!!
- 37. REFEREN CE • MUNEEB, CH. (2015). BIOSPHERE. AVAILABLE FROM SLIDESHARE AT HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/CHMUNEEB/BIOSPHERE- 55394681?QID=7E145585-5931-4FAC-8F20- 42BA6E90D609&V=&B=&FROM_SEARCH=4 (ACCESSED 19 AUGUST 2021) • PARATODO, C. (2019). THE BIOSPHERE. AVAILABLE FROM SLIDESHARE AT HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/SERGIORUANOPARIS/THE-BIOSPHERE- 136440206?QID=7E145585-5931-4FAC-8F20- 42BA6E90D609&V=&B=&FROM_SEARCH=6 (ACCESSED 19 AUGUST 2021) • PRETORIUS, E. (2019). UNIT4: ECOSYSTEMS, BIOMES AND BIOSPHERES. AVAILABLE FROM GOOGLE DRIVE AT HTTPS://DOCS.GOOGLE.COM/PRESENTATION/D/1FV0TTJECHBFCY0FTSA36 GRXMRLQRJ0XO/EDIT?USP=SHARING&OUID=101177128337654711434&R TPOF=TRUE&SD=TRUE (ACCESSED 20 AUGUST 2021) • SEAMON, R. (2018). BIOSPHERE NOTES. AVAILABLE FROM SLIDESHARE AT HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/SEAMONR/BIOSPHERE- NOTES?QID=7E145585-5931-4FAC-8F20- 42BA6E90D609&V=&B=&FROM_SEARCH=26 (ACCESSED 19 AUGUST 2021) • VEDANTVERMA. (2014). HYDROSPHERE. AVAILABLE FROM SLIDESHARE AT HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/VEDANTVERMA/HYDROSPHERE- 36780035?QID=912E6050-4712-4E9D-A73E- 976613A54740&V=&B=&FROM_SEARCH=6 (ACCESSED 22 AUGUST 2021)