Magazine research powerpoint

MAGAZINE RESEARCH
POWERPOINT
By Dia Aziz

British current affair
magazines
■ The Spectator
■ TheWeek
■ Private Eye
■ Prospect
■ Time
■ The Economist
■ MoneyWeek
■ The Oldie

The Spectator
■ The Spectator is a weekly British magazine on politics, culture, and current affairs.
It was first published in July 1828 and is owned by David and Fredrick Barclay, who
also ownThe DailyTelegraph newspaper.
■ Its principal subject areas are politics and culture. Its editorial outlook is generally
supportive of the Conservative Party, although regular contributors include some
outside that fold, such as Frank Field, Rod Liddle and Martin Bright.
■ The magazine also contains arts pages on books, music, opera, and film andTV
reviews.
■ In late 2008, Spectator Australia was launched.This offers 12 pages of “Unique
AustralianContent” (including a separate editorial page) in addition to the full UK
contents.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spectator

TheWeek
■ TheWeek is a weekly news magazine with editions in the United Kingdom
and United States.The British publication was founded in 1995 and the
American edition started in 2001; an Australian edition was published
between 2008 and 2012.
■ A children’s edition,TheWeek Junior, has been published in the UK since
2015.The magazine covers a broad range of topics, including current affairs,
science, technology, health, the media, business and the arts.
■ Since November 2015The Week has published a children’s edition,The
Week Junior, a current affairs magazine aimed at 8 to 14 year olds.
■ In September 2007, the magazine’s U.S. edition launched a daily website.
The Week was founded in the United Kingdom by Jolyon Connell in 1995.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Week

Private Eye
■ Private Eye is a British fortnightly satirical and current affairs news magazine,
founded in 1961. It is published in London and has been edited by Ian Hislop since
1986.
■ The publication is widely recognised for its prominent criticism and lampooning of
public figures. It is also known for its in-depth investigative journalism into under-
reported scandals and cover-ups.
■ Private Eye is Britain’s best-selling current affairs magazine, and such is its long-
term popularity and impact that many of its recurring in-jokes have entered
popular culture.
■ It is privately owned and highly profitable.With a “deeply conservative resistance
to change”, it has resisted moves to online content or glossy format; it has always
been printed on cheap paper and resembles, in format and content, a comic as
much as a serious magazine.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_Eye

Prospect
■ Prospect is a monthly British general-interest magazine, specialising in
current affairs, politics an economics.
■ Topics covered include British, European, and US politics, social issues, art,
literature, cinema, science, the media, history, philosophy, and psychology.
Prospect features a mixture of lengthy analytical articles, first-person
reportage, one-page columns, and shorter, quirky items.
■ The magazine was launched in October 1995 by David Goodhart. Prospect
received worldwide attention October 2005 when it published its list of the
world’s top 100 public intellectuals.
■ Prospect has also published the winning short story of the Royal Society of
Literature’sV.S. Pritchett Memorial Prize since 2009.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prospect_(magazine)

Time
■ Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in
NewYork City and can be brought in the UK.
■ It was founded in 1923 and for many years it was run by its influential co-
founder Henry Luce.
■ A European edition (Time Europe, formerly known asTime Atlantic) is
published in London and also covers Middle East, Africa, and, since 2003,
Latin America. An Asian Edition (Time Asia) is based in Hong Kong.The
South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific
Islands, is based in Sydney. In December 2008,Time discontinued publishing
a Canadian advertiser edition.
■ Time has the world’s largest circulation for a weekly news magazine.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)

The Economist
■ The Economist is an English-Language weekly magazine-format newspaper
owned by the EconomistGroup and edited at offices in London.
■ It takes an editorial stance of classical and economic liberalism that supports free
trade, globalisation, free immigration and cultural liberalism.
■ The Economist was founded by the British businessman and banker JamesWilson
in 1843. It claims an audience containing many influential executives and policy-
makers.
■ The news magazine has supported liberal causes on social issues such as
recognition of gay marriages, legalisation of drugs and etc.
■ In January 2012,The Economist launched a new weekly section devoted
exclusively to China, the first new country section since the introduction of one on
the United States in 1942.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist

MoneyWeek
■ MoneyWeek is a weekly investment magazine that covers financial and economic
news and provides commentary and analysis across UK and global markets. It is
edited in London.
■ It is owned by MoneyWeek Limited, which is now a subsidiary of London-based
Dennis Publishing Limited, which owned it once before, prior to 2002.
■ MoneyWeek provides a digest of the news financial and investment news, and also
covers associated economic and political stories. In addition to the news digest, it
features market commentary and analysis, share tips, interviews, travel and
lifestyle pieces.
■ It was designed as a financial version ofTheWeek magazine, which was founded
by Jolyon Connell five years previously.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoneyWeek

The Oldie
■ The Oldie is a British monthly magazine written for older people ”as a light-
hearted alternative to a press obsessed with youth and celebrity”, according to its
website.
■ The magazine was launched in 1992 by Richard Ingrams, who was its editor for 22
years, following 23 years in the same post at Private Eye and is owned by Oldie
Publications Ltd.
■ It is aimed to contrast with youth culture and carries articles of general interest,
humour and cartoons.
■ Despite being calledThe Oldie, the magazine often stresses that it is not an age-
specific publication, and has many readers in their twenties, thirties and forties. It
has similarities to Punch,Viz,The Spectator, Private Eye, andThe NewYorker.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Oldie

A current affair is an event of political or social interest and importance happening in the world at the present time.
■ Beauty expectations/ effects of social media
■ Mental health
■ Gang violence
■ Alcohol/drug abuse
■ Racism
■ Terrorism
■ LGBTQ discrimination
■ Gender inequality
■ Refugees
■ Poverty
■ Brexit
■ Coronavirus
■ Environmental issues
Current affairs

Magazine front cover analysis: Graphic Elements The graphic elements in this magazine cover include masthead, this is the title and/or logo of the magazine and it identifies
the brand and is conventionally placed in the same place. However, in this case, the logo of the magazine ‘Hello!’ is placed at
the top left of the magazine and is in a white colour and bold font to stand out against the red background in the text box
that it is written in, to attract the eyes of the consumers, which in this case would be middle aged men and women. This
masthead is unconventional because it is usually placed at the top-middle of the magazine because we read up to down and
left to right and is usually a lot bigger than it is here. Aside from the masthead, there other cover lines that flag up different
issues in the magazine. For example, ‘Prince George At Age Six’ which is in a white bold, sans serif text and is placed at the
middle-left hand side of the magazine and also ‘Style Queen’, which is also in the same white colour and sans serif font as
the masthead and other coverlines, but is placed at the bottom, middle-left hand side of the magazine. These other cover
lines are placed around the main image on the magazine and are essential for informing the consumer what features inside
the magazine, without them having to read inside. The colour scheme of this magazine mainly consists of green, red and
white. These colours are bold and therefore attract the eyes of the consumer. Colour scheme is key for a magazine as it
essential for attracting the target audience that the magazine is aiming for, in this case middle-aged men and women.
Therefore, the two main colours in the image would be green and white and the two main colours in the text would be red
and white. The main image in this magazine cover would be the photograph of Prince George of Cambridge smiling into the
camera wearing a white top, but the image only consists of him from shoulders up and takes up the whole front cover of the
magazine. By having Prince George who is very popular among many, especially those who have an interest in the royal
family who tend to be middle-aged men and women pose as the main image on the front of the magazine cover, it attracts
the target audience even more by using celebrity endorsement – a form of advertising which includes celebrities or a well
known person. It is key to choose the right main image to attract the audience you are aiming for and in a conventional
magazine it is placed in the centre of the magazine and it takes up most of the front cover. The main cover line is the text
that goes with the main image and further explains it. In this case, the main cover line would be ‘The Beaming Birthday Boy
Photographed By Mum Kate’, which is placed over the top right of the main image and whose colours match other elements
of the magazine to help highlight the main feature of the magazine and is in a white, text to stand out against the
background and attract the eyes of the consumer. It is also in sans serif font as is the rest of the writing on the magazine
because it is more traditional like the Royal Family tend to be. This is essential in a magazine as it highlights the main image
but in words. The barcode/dateline/price of the magazine here is located near the middle-right of the page, but is usually
located at the bottom right or left of the cover in a conventional magazine cover. This is because we read up to down and
because it’s not anything that needs to be read by the consumer, having it at the bottom left means it’s not in the way of any
writing or images of more importance, but it is also easily located for when purchasing. Therefore, the fact that it is not
placed here, means it is unconventional. Font types can connote different things and in this case, the font of the masthead
of this magazine is bold, making it is eye-catching and easy to read and also white to stand out against the red background
in the text box it is written in to attract the eyes of the consumer. It also uses a sans serif font type, that connotes
modernism which Prince George and therefore the royal family represents, especially to middle-aged men and women who
this magazine’s target audience is. The skyline/strapline of a magazine cover usually highlights new changes or additions to
the regular features on a magazine, but in this case, there is not one. The bottom strip is located at the bottom of the
magazine cover and goes left to right, in this case, the bottom strip reveals extra exclusive news that the magazine contains
indie. This is useful as it states extra information that the magazine contains without having to actually read inside. The
flash on a magazine adds an additional unique selling point, but in this magazine cover there is not one. The Covermount is
a freebie attached to the front cover, in this case, it would be the free exclusive wedding album.

Magazine front cover analysis: Codes and Conventions Codes:The codes is a system of symbols used to represent something. In
graphic language, these codes usually operate at a symbolic level of
representation. In this magazine cover, the use of the colours white that is
worn by Prince George and is used in the masthead, main coverline and other
coverlines and red that is also used in the masthead could possibly represent
the British flag.The use of the sans serif font type in all the text of the front
cover also connotes modernism in which Prince George and therefore the
royal family represents.
Conventions: The conventions is the repetition and reinforcement of
normative values; a set of common characteristics that define a genre. In this
magazine cover, Prince George’s face takes up nearly the whole page which
occurs in a conventional magazine cover. Although the masthead is not as big
as it usually is in a conventional magazine cover, it still is the biggest text in
the cover because the masthead is the name/title of the magazine.The main
image on the front cover is of Prince George, who appeals to the target
audience of middle aged men and women due to the fact that he is part of the
royal family.
Genre: British news magazine. A genre is a certain type or kind, style or
category. This is firstly because of the use of Prince George as the main image,
who is very popular among many especially middle aged men and women due
to the fact that he is part of the royal family.The royal family is also British and
the main image, main coverline and other coverlines all give updates on the
royal family that interests many and so therefore the genre of the magazine
would be a British news magazine.

Magazine front cover analysis: Target Audience Demographic Profiling:
Gender: Both
Race: White
Age: 25+
Geo-demographics: UK
Interests/Attitudes and Beliefs: British news/Royal family
I believe this magazine would be best suited for both males and females aged 25+, because it is
a British magazine whose cover is about the Royal family, which interests both genders,
typically aged 25 and over because of the intellectual level. I also believe the magazine would
be best suited for people from the UK because all the writing on the magazine cover is in
English and also because this magazine is about the Royal family who are based in the UK. The
magazine is also best suited for people who are interested in the Royal family because of the
use of the main coverline and other coverlines that state, ‘The Beaming Boy Photographed By
Mum Kate’, ‘PrinceGeorge At Six’, ‘Royal Exclusive’, and etc.The use of PrinceGeorge as the
main image on the magazine cover, who is a member of the Royal family, which is an interest
to many, also means the magazine is aimed at those who are interested in the royal family
Psychographic Profiling:
Mainstreamers &Traditionalists
I believe this magazine is best suited to mainstreamers because PrinceGeorge who stars as the
main image on the magazine cover is an interest to many due to the fact that he is a member
of the royal family and so a large group would be interested in the magazine. However, t is also
suited to traditionalists who believe in traditional ways, like the royal family.
Socio-Economic Model:
Groups A, B, C1, C2, D & E
I believe this magazine is best suited for all of those in the socio-economic groups of A, B, C1,
C2, D and E because the royal family is an interest to many who range all the way through
groups A-E from very high paid professionals to those who are casual workers, pensioners and
etc.
Overall, this magazine is clearly targeted at a male/female, primarily white, 25+, English
speaking audience of mainstreamers and traditionalists in the socio-economic groups of A, B,
C1, C2, D and E.

Magazine front cover analysis:Target AudienceAnalysis
https://www.hellomagazine.com/marketing/marketing01.html
READERSHIP
HELLO! is loved by its readers, with a
staggering 2,136,000 adult readers each week.
This accounts for 23% of the celebrity market.
HELLO! has the highest female A and AB
reader profile in the market place making it the
best bred celebrity weekly in the UK. Another
notable shift in readership is that HELLO! has
increased its coverage amongst 35-44 year
olds by 30% period on period.
CIRCULATION
In the eighteen years since its
launch, HELLO! has established itself as a
publishing phenomenon.
A commitment to ongoing investment in the
editorial product has resulted in a more
targeted HELLO! circulation figure this
period. HELLO! has shown an increase of
3.3% year on year. The current circulation
figure stands at 403,666 per week, which is
an average of 1.7 million copies each month.
READERSHIP
HELLO! reaches 2.1 million adults in the
UK every week. Read predominantly by
women (85%), it is the only mass-
circulation women’s weekly which offers
an upmarket profile.

Magazine front cover analysis: House Style 1. Format/proportions/ dimensions: Vertical format (also called portrait)
2. Use of colour and shapes: The bold colours used attract the eyes of the consumer. Colour scheme is
key for a magazine as it is essential for attracting the target audience that the magazine is aiming for.
3. Font types: Serif or Sans-serif? The bold, sans-serif font type used for the masthead, ”Hello”, and
main/coverlines in the first magazine cover like “Prince George At Age Six”, “Adorable Charlie!”,
”Welcome To The World Little Archie” and “Kate’s Next Chapter”, makes the masthead eye-catching
and easy to read and also white to stand out against the red background in the text box it is written in
to attract the eyes of the consumer. The sans-serif font type also connotes modernism which the royal
family represents, especially to middle-aged men who this magazine’s target audience is.
4. Images: Conventionally, there is just one image occupying the totality of the front cover. This image is
usually a close up shot (portrait) or another shot used in a very similar fashion. In the first and last
magazine cover, the main image is just one person at a close up shot (Prince George and Kate) and in
the second and third cover, a two shot is used as the main image. The royal family members who pose
as the main image, attracts the target audience even more by using celebrity endorsement – a form of
advertising which includes celebrities or a well known person. It is key to choose the right main image
to attract the audience you are aiming for and in a conventional magazine it is placed in the centre of
the magazine and it takes up most of the front cover.
5. Camera shots: Conventionally close ups, like the first and last covers and two shots, like in the
second and third magazine cover.
6. Composition: Masthead conventionally centred at the top of the front cover because we read up to
down. Image conventionally occupies the totality of the cover, specifically at the centre of the magazine
cover. Main coverline centred, to attract the eyes of the consumer and is essential in a magazine as it
highlights the main image but in words. Additional cover lines placed around the main image, that flag
up different issues in the magazine and are essential for informing the consumer on what features
inside the magazine, without them having to read inside.
7. Codes: The codes is a system of symbols used to represent something. In graphic language, these
codes usually operate at a symbolic level of representation. In this magazine cover, the use of the
colours white that is worn by Prince George and is used in the masthead, main coverline and other
coverlines and red that is also used in the masthead could possibly represent the British flag. The use
of the sans serif font type in all the text of the front cover also connotes modernism in which Prince
George and therefore the royal family represents.
8. Conventions: The conventions is the repetition and reinforcement of normative values; a set of
common characteristics that define a genre. In this magazine cover, the size of the masthead is the
biggest text in the cover because the masthead is the name/title of the magazine. The main image on
the front cover of the magazines also contain well known people (the royal family) and so they appeal
to the target audience of middle aged men and women and portray the main contents of this magazine
genre. Having the barcode placed in the bottom left corner is also conventional because we read up to
down, left to right and so by placing it here, it means it is not in the way of any writing or images of
more importance, but it is also easily locatable for when purchasing.

Magazine analysis: Contents Page 1. Format/proportions/ dimensions: Vertical format (also called portrait)
2. Use of colour and shapes: The bold colours used attract the eyes of the consumer.
Colour scheme is key for a magazine as it is essential for attracting the target audience
that the magazine is aiming for.
3. Font types: Serif or Sans-serif? The bold, sans-serif font type used for the masthead,
”Hello”, and main/coverlines like “People In The News” and “Regulars”, makes the
masthead eye-catching and easy to read and also white to stand out against the red
background in the text box it is written in to attract the eyes of the consumer.
4. Images: Conventionally, there is just one main image occupying the totality of the front
cover. This image is usually a close up shot (portrait) or another shot used in a very
similar fashion. In both, the main image is just one person at a close up shot and wide
shot to show the model’s full body. The models like in the second who pose as the main
image, are very popular among many and so it attracts the target audience even more by
using celebrity endorsement – a form of advertising which includes celebrities or a well
known person. It is key to choose the right main image to attract the audience you are
aiming for and in a conventional magazine it is placed in the centre of the magazine and it
takes up most of the front cover.
5. Camera shots: Conventionally close ups, like the last and wide shot, like in the first.
6. Composition: Masthead conventionally centred at the top of the front cover because we
read up to down. Image conventionally occupies the totality of the cover. Main coverline
centred, to attract the eyes of the consumer and is essential in a magazine as it highlights
the main image but in words. Additional cover lines placed around the main image, that
flag up different issues in the magazine and are essential for informing the consumer on
what features inside the magazine, without them having to read inside.
7. Codes: The codes is a system of symbols used to represent something. In graphic
language, these codes usually operate at a symbolic level of representation. In this
magazine, the use of the bright red and white colours that is in the masthead and etc,
could possibly represent the British flag. The use of the sans serif font type in all the text
of the front cover also connotes modernism in which the models represent.
8. Conventions: The conventions is the repetition and reinforcement of normative values; a
set of common characteristics that define a genre. In this magazine cover, the size of the
masthead is the biggest text in the cover because the masthead is the name/title of the
magazine. The main image on the front cover of the magazines also contain well known
people and so they appeal to the target audience and portray the main contents of this
magazine genre.

Elements of the contents page analysis
■ The pictures show the most important topics through images. They also make the magazine
more appealing to the eye, by breaking up the text and conveying the message quickly without
reading through a lot of text.
■ The headline shows what the page is about, in this case it is the contents page. A headline is the
most important element, it can be various sizes, but should be set in a size bigger than the other
text elements in the page. Which in this case it is.
■ The red subheadings show the main topics in the magazine and the black writing beneath them is
the mini topics within the main topics.
■ The page numbers next to each topic show where to find each topic, without having to read the
whole magazine.
■ The writing beneath the mini topics, give a insight into what the topic is about, like a little
summary.
■ The date at the top right side of the contents page, show the date the magazine was published.
This is important as it shows when the news events were written about.
■ Logo of magazine reinforces the brand. It is meant to visually communicate the unique identity
of the brand and what it represents.
■ The colours of the contents page is red, white and black to represent the colour scheme of the
magazine. The red draws the consumer’s eyes to want to read the magazine due to its bright
colour. Colour schemes are used to create style and appeal. A basic colour scheme will use two
colours that look appealing together.
■ In the bottom left corner of the contents page, under the magazines logo, there is information
about the history of the magazine, such as when the first ever ‘The Economist’ magazine was
published.
■ The next page gives subscription information and also gives the magazines contact
information.
■ The magazine also implies they are environmentally friendly through the fact that they have
showed in the bottom right corner how you can recycle the magazine once you are done with it.
First page of contents
Second page of contents
Content pages refer to all the information contained in a website.This can be displayed as text, links, images, audio, animation,
video and audio.

The Spectator magazine contents
■ Crude tactics: Russia and SaudiArabia are at war over oil prices
■ The US is caught in the crossfire of oil wars
■ America has a choice between two kinds of crazy
■ How British science can flourish after Brexit
■ Jonathon Sacks: Joy is the Jewish way of defeating hate
■ Could freeports help ‘level up’ the north?
■ How worries should we be aboutCoronavirus?
■ Life under lockdown: Italy is being consumed by panic
■ No blues, just reds and whites: theOxford vs Cambridge wine-tasting
■ Is Boris about to abandon his own debt rules?
■ Portrait of the week: Panic buying, Budget announcements and farewell to Harry and Meghan
■ Suzanne Moore: I was hurt that so many of my ‘colleagues’ denounced me
■ Coronavirus and the lessons of theAthenian plague
■ Letters:The BBC licence fee is an anachronism

Time magazine contents
Briefing
■ The moment – Don’t blame pilots for woes in the sky
■ The World - Iraq’s deadliest violence in more than two years
■ Health Care Memo - Why the public opinion is less than meets the eye
■ Verbatim – Cheney is compared to a vampire
■ History – National emergence ringing alarm bells
■ Milestones – Farewell to funnyman Soupy Sales
The will
■ Wall Street vs Main Street – How to fix what’s still wrong with the banks
■ The pay czar, unleashed – How Ken Feinberg determines worth
■ Curious capitalist – Why the finance sector and bankers pay should
shrink
■ The enemy within – Pakistan’s army is finally fighting Taliban militants
■ Tear down this wall - Reagan, diplomacy and the fall of communism
■ The fun house – How gimmicks make your name in Congress
■ How Obama won – A memoir of the ‘o8 election
■ Assignment Detroit - A Catholic college-prep school shapes ”men for
others”
Commentary
■ Viewpoint - To thwart Iran, U.S. Russian relations must
improve
■ In the new arena – Joe Klein on why taxes matter in
healthcare
Life
■ The job front – Advice for acing a webcam interview
■ Travel – Why does gelato taste so good?
■ Sports – How the swine-flu scare is threatening
sportsmanship
Arts
■ Movies – Why the Michael Jackson movie is a thriller
■ Television – New life, and loud cheers for Friday Night
Lights
■ Exhibitions – Revisiting Gorky; a dazzling, tragic artist
■ Short list – The remake of an ‘80s sci-fi classic
This ‘Time’ magazine contents page also contains two images.
One small image on the bottom, left side and may have been
used to show a topic of one the contents through image. The
second image is much bigger and takes up nearly half of the
page.

The Economist magazine contents
Leaders
■ The dollar – Dominant and dangerous
■ Zimbabwe – Act before the tyrant dies
■ Property axes - Welcome to New London
■ War in the Muslim world – Putin dares, Obama
dithers
■ Remembering history – Museum pieces
United States
■ Lethal injection - Cruel and increasingly unusual
■ Hilary Clinton – Not quite fireproof
■ Meth v alcohol – The heirs of Al Capone
■ Congress – Exit John Boehner
■ Orchestra – Dimension No. 3
■ Explaining low inflation - The lockdown
■ The supreme court – Gavels ready
■ Lexington – Ben Carson
The Americas
■ Venezuela’s elections – Muddled, yet
united
■ Term limits in Bolivia – The man who
would be king
■ Justin Trudeau – Canada’s hair
■ Bello – Dilma in the vortex
Asia
■ Afghanistan and a resurgent Taliban –
Unhappy anniversary
■ Myanmar’s election – Divided we stand
■ North Korea - Blast from the past
■ Japanese erotic art – Pillow fight
■ An Asian slowdown - Running out of puff
■ Banyan - Xi and Modi: a pooh and a bear-
hugger
China
■ Xi and the UN – The blue helmets
■ Green markets – Domesday scenario
■ Urban design – Darkness under the light
Middle East and Africa
■ Zimbabwe – Backs to the wall
■ South Africa’s opposition – City stakes
■ Nairobi’s property boom – Find the
money
■ Swaziland – Elephantine delusions
■ Saudi Arabia – Kind Salman's year of
trouble
■ Israel and the Palestinians – Abba’s
damp squib
This ‘The Economist’ magazine contents
page also a few images, roughly the same
size. This may have been used to show the
topics of a few the contents through image.

Elements of the magazine cover
Main elements of a magazine cover:
■ Main image - The main image typically shows the person(s) or object directly associated with the main feature/article. It conventionally dominates the front cover and is usually a medium close-up or close-up and sometimes the image covers
part of the masthead, but it is always in direct address to the reader.
■ Text - This is both the semantic (use of language) and formal (aesthetic) aspects of text, such as the choice of font type. The way we present text is determinant to appeal our audiences to read it. The placement, the size and choice of font type is
what will make our text successful. The two main font types include Serif(a traditional design) and Sans-Serif (a more modern design).
■ Colour scheme - Colour scheme is key for a magazine as it is essential for attracting the target audience that the magazine is aiming for. Certain colours will attract certain age groups, genders or people with different interests.
Different text elements:
■ Masthead - The masthead is the title and/or logo of the magazine and it identifies the brand. It is conventionally rather big and placed in the same place; top of the magazine, because we read up to down. It is always written in a unique font
design and colour to attract the magazines target audience. The masthead is the magazines trademark.
■ Main cover line - The main coverline is the text that goes with the main image and further explains it. This is essential in a magazine, as it highlightsthe main image but using words.
■ Feature article - A feature article is the main story in the magazine, that focuses on a special event, place or person in great detail.
■ Additional cover lines - Coverlines are normally a few words that flag up different issues, explaining what is in the magazine. They are boldly coloured and in a large type size and are designed to attract the readers attention and make them look
inside. Coverlines, which conventionally are placed around the main image on the magazine and are essential for informing the consumer on what features inside the magazine, without them having to read inside.
■ Date line (date, issue number, price) - The dateline is typically located at the bottom of the page in a conventional magazine. This is because we read up to down and since it is not anything of that big importance to the consumer, by having it at
the bottom of the front cover means it is not in the way of any writing or images of more importance, but it is also easily located for when purchasing.
Additional elements we can find:
■ Barcode - The barcode is always located on the front of the magazine because the back page is most of the time taken up by an advertisement. It is conventionally located at the bottom of the magazine cover. This is because we read up to down
and since it is not anything that needs to be read by the consumer. Having it at the bottom means it’s not in the way of any writing or images of more importance, but it is also easily located for when purchasing.
■ Skyline/Header - This is the additional informationat the top of the magazine to catch the eye of the reader. This often also given an idea of what will be in the magazine.
■ Strapline - This is seen as an introductory headline below the masthead, describing the magazine. It usually highlights new changes or additions to the regular features on a magazine. By doing this, it tempts the consumer to buy the magazine.
■ Flashes - The flash on a magazine cover usually highlights new changes or additions to the regular features on a magazine, for example it could highlightfree gifts that come with the magazine. By doing this, it tempts the consumer to buy the
magazine.
How should you plan the colour of your text in the magazine cover?
■ Colour scheme: You should have matching colours in text and main image.
How many colours should you use in your cover lines?
■ You should have the main two colours in the main image and black or white.
Content pages refer to all the information contained in a website.This can be displayed as text, links, images, audio, animation,
video and audio.

Publishing company - Dennis
My publishing company is Dennis. Other magazines that this company publishes are:
■ Kiplinger – Personal finance news and business forecasting.
■ MoneyWeek – Best-selling financial magazine.
■ Science+Nature – Science,Technology, Engineering, Arts and Maths, made sense for 8-15 year olds.
■ The Week – Seeks to simplify and explain the world, providing context and clarity to complex issues.
■ The Week Junior –The UK’s fastest growing children's magazine, designed to engage young readers and help them to make sense of the world.
■ The WeekDay –British and international stories.
■ Computer Active –The UK’s best-selling technology magazine since 1998, providing plain-English advice on computers, phones, tablets and software.
■ Cyclist –The premium monthly magazine for people who are passionate about road cycling.
■ Enzo –The independent Ferrari magazine that sets out to entertain and inform with the best features about the cars, the people and the history of the
world’s most iconic car company.
■ Octane Magazine – Features the greatest cars ever made, from the earlies pioneers to the latest supercars, along with the people and events
associated with them.
■ PC Pro –The UK’s leading magazine for tech influencers, with a unique blend of “real world” advice.
■ Viz –Viz Comic is one of Britain’s funniest magazines, containing a blend of cartoons, features and joke adverts.
■ WebUser –The UK’s only technology magazine with a focus on using the internet better, aimed at early adopters keen to be the first to try things.

Target audience
The target audience for the magazines I have been using in my research:
■ The Spectator –The Spectator is British magazine aimed at those with a right wing, conservative view and an interest in politics,
culture, and current affairs.The magazine also contains art pages on books, music, opera, film andTV reviews. So, anyone with an
interest in these, would enjoy this magazine.
■ TheWeek –The Week is a British magazine aimed at those with a right wing, conservative view and an interest in science,
technology, health, the media, business, the arts and current affairs.
■ Private Eye – Private Eye is a British magazine aimed at those with a neutral political stance and an interest in satirical and current
affair news.
■ Prospect – Prospect is a British magazine aimed at those with a centre-left political view and an interest in politics, economics and
current affairs.The magazine also covers topics such as social issues, art, literature, cinema, science, the media, history,
philosophy and psychology. So, anyone with an interest in these, would enjoy this magazine.
■ Time –Time is an American magazine, but also has a European edition, aimed at those with a centre-left political view and an
interest in politics, business, health, science and entertainment.
■ The Economist –The Economist is a British magazine aimed at those with neither a left-wing or right-wing political stance and an
interest in world news, international business, and politics
■ MoneyWeek – MoneyWeek is a British magazine aimed at those with an interest in financial and economic news.
■ The Oldie –The Oldie is a British magazine written for older people “as a light-hearted alternative to a press obsessed with youth
and celebrity”, according to its website. Despite being called ‘The Oldie’, the magazine often stresses that it is not an age-specific
publication, and has many readers in their twenties, thirties and forties.

Camera shots
- the framing of the subject that indicates the distance between the subject and the camera.
Aerial shot
The aerial shot is a camera angle taken from above. It gives viewers a deeper
understanding of what is happening below and overall, it frames the subject or space
from up high and is useful for showing the setting of a scene. This shot is often taken
from on a crane or helicopter and there are various types of aerial shots, e.g. bird’s eye
shot, god’s eye shot and overhead shot. In the context of The Shinning, this aerial shot is
used when the family are on their way to the hotel and it portrays the change in
environment from civilised to isolated.
Extreme Wide Shot
The extreme wide shot is a camera angle that is so wide, that the subject is barely visible.
The point of this shot is to show the subject’s surroundings. This is useful for when the
action in a scene is very spread out. In the context of The Shinning, the extreme wide
shot is used to show Wendy running with a knife to find Danny and is used to show the
weather she is willing to go out in to find her son along with the large area of land.
Wide/long Shot
The wide/long shot is a camera angle that shows the whole subject. The point of this shot
is to show the entire subject along with its surroundings. This is useful in showing
character's in their environments. In the context of The Shinning, the wide/long shot is
used when Wendy is walking around in the hotel, before all the disaster happens and is
used to show the setting around her – the hotel, as this is at the start of the film.

Camera shots
Mid Shot
The mid shot is a camera angle that typically shows the subject from the waist up. This is
often used by reporters whose interest is to deliver information, followed by closer shots
of interview subjects. This angle also allows room for hand gestures and a bit of
movement. In the context of The Shinning, the mid shot is used when Danny escapes
from the bathroom window and is useful in showing his body language and facial
expressions as the shot is close but not as close as a close up shot.
Close Up Shot
The close up shot is a camera angle in which a part of the subject takes up most of the
frame. This is a good shot to show greater detail to the viewer, for example facial
expressions and reactions. In the context of The Shinning, the close up shot is used
when Jack is locked in the pantry and is loosing his mind and therefore is useful in
showing his psychotic facial expressions.
Extreme Close Up shot
The extreme close up is a camera angle where a part of the subject is shown in extreme
detail by zooming in on it. In the context of The Shinning, the extreme close up is used
when Jack is hacking down the bathroom door with an axe to get to Wendy and Danny
and is useful in showing his psychotic emotions in extreme detail by zooming into his
face.

Camera shots
Two Shot
The two shot is a camera angle where two subjects are in a shot together and is good
for establishing the relationship between the subjects. In the context of The Shinning,
the two shot is used when Wendy and Danny are hiding from Jack in their hotel room
and is useful in showing the relationship between them as mother and son and also the
way in which she is holding him shows that they are frightened and scared.
Over The Shoulder Shot
The over the shoulder shot is a camera angle from behind a person, facing the subject.
In the context of The Shinning, the over the shoulder shot is used between Jack and
Wendy when they are in their hotel room and shows the viewers the relationship
between them and we also get to see Jack from Wendy’s point of view.
Overhead Shot
The overhead shot is a camera angle that is positioned above the subject. In the context
of The Shinning, the overhead shot is used when Danny is cycling around the hotel
hallways and is used to make the viewers feel as if we are following Danny through the
hotel, into our own little journey and therefore drawing us into the film, making wanting
us to see what happens next.

Camera shots
Establishing Shot
The establishing shot is a camera angle that sets up a scene, for example by giving the viewers
information about the location or surroundings. In the context ofThe Shinning, the
establishing shot is used to show the contrast between the peaceful nature that is located near
the hotel and the disaster of what is to come later on in the film.
Point-Of-View shot
The point-of-view shot, shows a view from the subjects perspective, this can be useful because
sometimes it allows us to get in the mind set of the subject. In the context ofThe Shinning, the
point-of-view shot is used to show the viewers the POV of Danny looking down the hallway at
the ‘dead’ twins and is useful because we get to see the situation through Danny’s eyes.
Reaction Shot
The reaction shot is a camera angle that shows the reaction of a character to another character
or occurrence in a scene. In the context ofThe Shinning, the reaction shot is used to show
Wendy’s terrified reaction to Jack hacking down the bathroom door with a knife, once Danny is
able to escape through the bathroom window.
Cutaway Shot
The cutaway shot is the interruption of a continuously filmed action, by inserting a view of
something else. For example, if the main shot is of somebody walking down the road, a
possible cutaway shot could be of a cat on the side of the road, a car passing by, a neighbour
cutting the hedge, someone going for a jog and etc.

Camera angels
- the position of the camera in relation to the subject of a shot.
Bird’s eye angle
The bird’s eye angle refers to a camera angle looking directly down on a subject. This
angle makes the subject appear very small and vulnerable and is often used for
establishing where a character is. The director may have chosen this shot to show
Williams’ vulnerability in this sad song. Along with this shot, the music video is also in
black and white which implies feelings of melancholy and sadness.
High Angle
The high angle is a camera angle that looks down on the subject and can make them
seem vulnerable or powerless when applied with the right mood, settings and effects.
The director may have chosen this shot to express how lonely Williams is feeling as
since it is an angle from above, it shows how he is the only one in the middle of
nowhere. Along with this shot, the music video is also in black and white which implies
feelings of melancholy and sadness.
Eye level angle
The eye level angle is a camera angle where the camera is positioned so the subject
can actually look into the lens without moving their eyes up or down – the camera is
positioned at the same level as the subjects face. The director may have chosen this
camera angle as it allows the viewer to look into Williams’ eyes, which therefore creates
a relationship between them.

Camera angels
- the position of the camera in relation to the subject of a shot.
Low angle
The low level angle is a camera angle positioned below the subject to make them
appear bigger, stronger and more superior. This angle can also be used to make the
subject appear taller. The director may have chosen this camera angle to show that
although he is depicted as lonely and vulnerable from other angles such as the high
angle and birds eye angle, he still remains big, strong and superior.
Worm eye angle
The worm eye angle is a view of an object from below, as though the observer were a
worm; the opposite of a bird’s eye view. This can be used to look up to something to
make an object look taller, stronger more superior. In the context of Post Malone's
‘Circles’ music video, I believe the director may have chosen this angle as a way to
show people passing by rather than the usual use of making something appear bigger
and more superior.
Canted Framing angle
Canted framing is a camera angle that is achieved by titling the camera on its axis
resulting in a framed shot at a slanted angle. This angle is usually used to create an
impression of instability and chaos. The director may have chosen this angle to
represent Grande's mind because of everything she’s gone through; the Manchester
bombing, her ex boyfriend committing suicide, then being blamed for that, etc.

Mis En scene
– refers to the different elements used to stage the scene (lighting, props, costumes, hair & makeup, colour, etc.)
Lighting (general)
Lighting refers to how light has been used by the cinematographer and director, at its
most basic level, it allows film-makers to capture an image in the first place, however,
most want to do more than just create images we can see clearly. General lighting can
be used to set the mood of a scene as well as to highlight important characters or
actions in the shot. In the context of ‘Frankenstein’, the director has used this type of
lighting to portray Frankenstein, as a tall, scary, monster-like character. They have done
this, by placing the light below him. By doing this, the light shines up at his face and
enhances his shadows in the scene and therefore makes him even more terrifying and
dangerous.
HIGH KEY Lighting
High key lighting is a style of lighting that aims to reduce the lighting ratio present in the
scene. This was originally done partly for technological reasons, since early film and
television did not deal well with high contrast ratios, but now is used to suggest an
upbeat mood. It is a bright and well-lit scene with very few shadows and is often used to
make a location or character seem friendly, happy and safe. It typically conveys
happiness, for example, in High School Musical, the director has used lighting to covey
feelings of joy and happiness.

Mis En scene
Low KEY Lighting
Low key lighting is a dimly lit scene with lots of shadows and is often used to make a
location or character seem shady, untrustworthy, dangerous and unsafe. It also
accentuates the contours of the subject by throwing areas into shade while a fill light or
reflector may illuminate the shadow areas to control contrast. In the context of the
movie ‘Chucky’, the director has used low key lighting to portray the doll as a scary,
terrifying, evil, demonic character. They have done this by placing the light below him so
that the light shines on his face.
Chiaroscuro Lighting
Chiaroscuro lighting is a scene lit with extreme low lighting and high contrast, with lots
of shadows and some highlights. It can be used to make a location or character seem
very dramatic and unusual. In the context of ‘The Shinning’, the director has used
chiaroscuro lighting to portray Jack as a terrifying, demonic, psychopath. They have
done this by placing the light below him so that the light shines up at his face.
Props
Props are the decorative and symbolic elements used in staging a scene, as well as
those that a character bears e.g. a gun, a bunch of flowers, etc. They can tell us lots
about the type of character or genre of the film. In the context of ‘The Simpsons’, the
director has given the character of Moe a knife to portray him as a dangerous character.
By placing the camera below him, he is also shown to be tall and so therefore more
scary, dangerous and terrifying.

Mis En scene
Costumes
Costumes are the clothes a character is wearing. They tell us lots about a
character, their role in the narrative, etc. For example a policeman’s or a
soldier’s uniform connotes the role of the character or the genre of the film. Specific
costumes are paramount in period dramas or genre films such as westerns, war films,
etc. In the context of ’The Crown’, the director has dressed Queen Elizabeth II in very
elegant, expensive looking clothes to show her royalty, for example her crown, fur coat,
jewellery and etc.
Hair and makeup
Hair & Make Up is the appearance of a character bear significant connotations about
the character itself, as well as the genre or period of the film. This includes, make-up,
dressing hair, body art and etc. In the context of ‘The Joker’, the director has hair and
makeup to put Joaquin Phoenix (the actor) into character of the Joker, by making his
hair green/yellow and painting his face, because in the film, he falls into chemicals
which turns his face pure white.
Body shape and language
Body Shape and Language is the way a character’s body looks and the way they hold
their body e.g. confident, slumping down, cowering from someone etc. It tells us what
type of person they are and how they feel about others. In the context of ‘High School
Musical’, the character of ‘Sharpay’ is portrayed as very confident. This is shown
through how she carries herself; her gestures are always big and she’s never slouching.

Mis En scene
Facial features and expression
Facial Features and Expression are the way a character’s face looks and shows
emotion. For example a shocked expression, sadness or a look of
love. Other interesting features such as bad teeth, small, squinty eyes, etc. tell us about
the character’s personality. In the context of ‘The Shinning’, Jack plays a psychotic
murderer, and so his facial expressions match that, e.g. his iconic psychotic grin.
Voice/Tone
Voice / Tone is the way a character speaks defines its personality. Someone who
stutters might be nervous, someone who shouts may be angry, someone who speaks
softly may be well educated, be in charge or be powerful and etc. Someone's voice/tone
can suggest a lot about their personality, emotions, thoughts, feelings, background and
etc. In the context of ‘The Crown’, Queen Elizabeth II’s voice is posh and sharp and so
therefore it portrays her power and dominance as the Queen.
Colour
The colours in a scene bear symbolic meanings. Red can connote anger, passion,
danger, love. Blue can seem calm and peaceful, sometimes sad. These symbolic
connotations will vary depending on the context of the scene. In the context of ‘The
Shinning’, the director has used the colour red throughout film, especially before the
main climax of the film to foreshadow what is to come – the murders.

Mis En scene
Location
The location is a place where the scene is set. And can tell us a lot about the characters
who inhabit it or the genre of a film, e.g. a dirty, blood stained basement could signify
that a murder has taken place or a messy bedroom might signify that the character
who inhabit it is disorganised. Additionally, the location or setting can also establish the
genre of the film. In the context of the ‘The Shinning’, the location of the hotel
emphasises the change in environment from civilised to isolated. It also shows the
contrast between the peaceful nature that is located near the hotel and the disaster of
what is to come later on in the film.
Breaking the fourth wall
Breaking the Fourth Wall (Direct Address), describes a time where a character may look
directly at the camera and speak to the audience. This is highly unusual but can be
seen regularly in shows like the TV series Malcolm in the Middle. This is designed to
emphasise that character as the most important, most powerful, and as someone we
should be siding with as it helps us feel like we are “one of them” and as though we are
one of their friends. In the context of ‘Malcolm in the Middle’, the main character
‘Malcolm’ speaks directly to the audience.

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