The following presentation gives a brief idea about the handover process in mobile communication. It also highlights the various types of Handover and their cell structure diagram

1. Handoff
And
Types
Submitted To: Submitted By:
Mr. Rajat Gupta Dhruv Agarwal
Assistant Professor CSE(Eve)

2. What is Handover or Handoff?
● It is the process of changing the point of connection while
communication.
● The activity of transferring an active call or data session from one cell
in cellular network to another from one channel in a cell to another.

3. Hard Handoff
● It means that all the old radio links in the MS are removed before the
new radio links are established.
● It is generally known as “Break before Make”.
● In this the higher rates of call drops are found.
● It is cheaper when it comes to implementing.

4. Mechanism of Hard Handover

5. Soft Handoff
● It means that the radio links are removed and added in a way that MS
always keeps one radio link active.
● It is generally known as “Make before Break”.
● To lower the rates of call drops, this technique is used.
● To be implemented, it requires more cost.

6. Mechanism of Soft Handover

7. Inter System Handoff
● When the MS moves from one BS to another BS provided both the old
and new BS are connected to different MTSO.

8. Intra System Handoff
● When the MS moves from one BS to another BS provided both the old
and new BS are connected to the same MSC.

9. Handoff Failures
● As frequencies can’t be reused in adjacent cells, when a user moves
from one cell to another, a new frequency must allocated to the call.
● If the user moves into a cell where all available channels are in use, the
user’s call must be disconnected.
● Problem of signal interference where adjacent cells overpower each
other resulting in receiver ambiguity.