1. WELCOME TO THE SEMINAR
SUBJECT : SYSTEM AND STUCTURE OF SECONDARY AND
HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION (SOFT CORE 2C)
UNIT : ISSUES OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
TOPIC : DEFECTIVE EXAMINATION SYSTEM
AND GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
Presented BY
DEVARAJU B N
M.Ed. II Semester
Department of Education
Kuvempu University
Observed BY
Mr. Balachandra Madiwal
Faculty Member
Department of Education
Kuvempu University
2. INDEX
Introduction
Meaning Of Secondary Education
Issues of Secondary Education
Defective Examinations System
Guidance and Counseling
Prospectus for Improve Secondary Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
3. Introduction:
Education is the birth right of every child in India
although India has made significant progress in various field.
But, still have been facing various problems of children such
as child labour, malnutrition, child abuse etc.
These problem can be overcome from the light of
knowledge. Therefore government has formulated various
schemes, programs to ensure that no child remain uneducated
but there are various problem faced in our education system.
4. Meaning of Secondary Education
Secondary Education in India refers to an Education
provided to the students between the age of 14 to 18
following the completion of Primary Education.
According to National Education Policy 2020 the secondary
education divided into two stages
The Middle Stage (age from11to14)
The Second Stage (age from15 to 18)
5. Issues of Secondary Education
Various commissions identify the defects in secondary education sum
of the issues of secondary education are discussed here
Heavy Curriculum
Rigid Timetable
Expensive Schemes
Not Child centred
Wastage and Stagnation
Highly Exam Oriented
Lack of Trained and Dedicated Teacher
More emphasis on English language
No emphasis on Practical training
Like participation to improve Personality
Lack of adequate Infrastructure
Lack of Career Guidance
Lack of balance between Academic and Value of life
Neglecting of Nutrition and Health
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
High Pupil, Teacher ratio
6. Heavy Curriculum: Secondary Education predominantly
academic in nature and bookish it create issue for student
and teacher to complete the content within the finite time
Limited Assessment: Examinations only assess a
student's ability to perform in a particular test-taking
environment.
Not Child centre : Present secondary education system
was content oriented and teacher based education it.
7. Lack of Facilities: The students who go for higher
education faces many problems and suffer from inferiority
complex most of them have lack of good communication
skill.
No emphasis on Practical Training: Practical training
is considered a waste of time in many schools to develop
the students practical skill knowledge.
Highly Exam oriented: Most of the schools now a days
are concern about giving good result instead of stressing
on an All-round development of students.
8. Emphasis on Memory/Rote Learning/ Mechanical
learning: The examination system of India put more
emphasis on the ‘Ratta system’ and this is the major defect
which needs serious attention.
Subjectivity: It occurs at three levels namely first at the level
of paper setting by the examiner, second at the level of
student who writes answer according to his/her own
subjective nature and third at the level of evaluator who is
evaluating the answer given by the student.
Time Constraints : CCE requires a lot of time that teachers
must spend evaluating the learners. This can put additional
strain on teachers.
Defective examination system
9. Negligent Attitude of Parents: The CCE system is not
supported by all and few parents may prefer the traditional
method of evaluation.
Cheating: The understanding and analytical ability of
students is ignored in prevailing examination system. Due to
the privatization of education leads to promoting cheating in
examination.
Mismanagement of Examinations: We observe the news
about the leakage of question papers, mishandling of answers
scripts, mismatch of roll numbers, errors in marking and
totaling, awarding of grace marks, wrong declaration of
results etc.
10. Theoretical in nature: The knowledge, skill and attitude of
the students should be assesse properly. nowadays
examination are based on bookish knowledge.
Poor Content Coverage: The examination system is based
upon the optional nature of question means a student has the
option to answer one question from two or more questions
and so on.
Awarding of Grace Marks: All the cases this phenomenon
is arbitrary and unscientific. The practice currently followed is
not to consider the passing probabilities for deciding the
award of grace marks.
11. Techniques of Paper Marking used by Examiners: Paper
marking/ checking by teachers is becoming quite defective
these days. The teachers mark the paper with bird’s eye
view.
Low Quality of Question Paper: The question paper is one
of the most vital components of any examination system.
Though considerable improvements have taken place in its
design, blue print and content coverage, scoring key,
marking scheme.
Validity of a Single-Stroke Examination : At the
secondary and senior secondary stage of school education,
they are made to appear for the terminal examination where
they are subjected to three hour testing based on a limited
course content.
12. Suggestion for improvements
All type of Subjectivity should be avoided,
Bring the necessary Reforms in Examination.
Examination should provide opportunity to examine all
the Domains.
Proper arrangement of Resources required for the
examination.
Examination should be based on understanding and
Analytical ability of student.
Proper weightage for Practical components.
Teacher should be trained with new development in
Examination pattern.
The evaluation work should be made under proper
Vigilance and Random.
13. Guidance and Counselling
Guidance and Counselling is the process of helping
individuals realize their potentials and develop them into
skills. It is also a way of helping individuals understand their
problems and deal with them effectively.
Lack of Cooperation
Inadequate Facilities and Lack of Funding
Shortage of Professionals
Lack of Support
Lack of Time
Neglect from Parents
14. Lack of cooperation : Guidance and Counselling is certainly
an effective way of providing assistance to someone.
individuals may not cooperate with the advice given to them
which can cause an obstruction in the way of Guidance.
Inadequate Facilities and Lack of Funding : To ensure the
proper functioning and efficiency of guidance and
counselling services, proper facilities are needed. such as a
guidance and counselling room, proper furniture,
bookshelves. many educational institutions suffer a lack of
funding when it comes to Guidance and Counselling.
Neglect from Parents : There needs to support from
everyone including the school, teachers, parents, and the
learners themselves. Then only Guidance and Counselling
become successful.
15. Shortage of Professionals: Guidance can be given by anyone,
counselling can only be given by an expert in the field.
Finding a professional counsellor can be difficult.
Lack of Support : Although there is a rise in the awareness of
the need for guidance and counselling in the educational space
, there is still neglecting when it comes to the implementation
of these services.
Lack of Time: Along with the lack of funding and sufficient
resources, there is also a shortage of time. School timetables
cannot seem to fit in some space for guidance and counselling.
16. Need and Importance of Educational Guidance
Services in Schools
To achieve Positive Mental Health.
Provide assistant to solve problems through interpersonal relationship.
It makes students satisfactory adjustment for improved academic
pursuits and useful life.
Child centred assistance for self knowledge, self realisation and self
development.
It improve students attitude and behaviour.
It helpful for Comprehensive careers presentation
Understanding of their Personality Strength and Weaknesses to find the
right career
It create Pathway for planning based on there Interest, Ability and Goals
It help the Child to maintain good Mental and Physical health
Majority of Adolescence are facing situations like shy, fear, loneliness
to bring out students from these character Guidance and Counselling is
needed.
17. Conclusion:
The success of Education System is based on the success of
students involvement in the education system to make them successful
education should be make various changes and make number of policies
scheme program for the students to bring out from these issues of
education system especially in the field of examination and career
Guidance and Counselling in Secondary Education.
