BEHAVIOR OF SOUND,IMPACT OF ACOUSTIC MATERIALS ON ENVIRONMENT AND A SMALL MARKET SURVEY ON THE ACOUSTIC MATERIALS[FOR MARKET SURVEY WE HAVE ALSO USED SOME SCREENSHOTS FOR DATA FROM RELIABLE SOURCES]. ME AND MY GROUP HOPE'S THAT THIS PPT MAY HELP YOU.DONE FOR COLLEGE WORK.MADE BY DEVAGYA GANDHI,SAUHARD KUKRETI AND SUMEDHA ARORA.

1. BMS-V
ACOUSTICS
ASSIGNEMENT[Q1]
MADE BY:
▪ DEVAGYA GANDHI
▪ SAUHARD KUKRETI
▪ SUMEDHA ARORA

2. Q1]MARKET SURVEY
OF ACOUSTIC
MATERIALS-
[A]WALL PANELS

3. PRICES OF WALL PANELS IN MARKET

4. TYPES:WITH COLORS,DESIGNS,MATERIALS,FEATURES AND
DIMENSIONS[THICKNESS]. Dimensions 31.6mm thickness,
600×2,430mm (perforation
decoration measurement)
Packing material, quantity
Weight
Base material
Front surface
Back surface
Dimensions 5.6mm thickness, 600×2,430mm (perforation decoration
measurement)
Packing material, quantity Cardboard case, 4 pieces (5.83㎡) per case
Weight 6.5kg/sheet (surface density 4.5kg/㎡)
Base material MDF
Front surface Polysand sheet lamination
Drilling Through-hole processing
Back surface Black non-woven fabric covering

5. Dimensions 5.6mm thickness, 300×2,430mm
(perforation decoration measurement)
Packing material, quantity Cardboard case, 8 pieces (5.83㎡) per case
Base material MDF
Front surface Polysand sheet lamination
Drilling Through-hole processing
Back surface Black non-woven fabric covering
Dimensions 5.6mm thickness, 450×1,800mm (perforation decoration measurement)
Packing material, quantity Cardboard case, 4 pieces per case (two each of A panel and B panel) (3.24㎡)
Base material MDF
Front surface Polysand sheet lamination
Drilling Long through-hole processing (Hole diameter 10mm, Length 100mm, Pitch 30mm)
Back surface Black non-woven fabric covering
Edge processing (Periphery) Special tongue and groove working
•Superior sound absorption produces a higher grade of acoustics for audio rooms, listening rooms and
other such spaces.
•Gypsum board nails and pattern paper make installation simple. The lack of screws and adhesive also
makes for easy removal and replacement.
•Three varieties available: medium to high acoustic range variety, low to medium acoustic range variety,
and a corner variety.
Skillful combination of these varieties will create a beautiful acoustic field.

6. Dimensions [01] 43mm thickness, 455×455mm
[02N] 75mm thickness, 455×455mm
[03] Front Panel: 43mm thickness, 910×230mm
Packing / Count [01] Cardboard case, 4 pieces(incl.mounting hook,
gypsumboard nail, pattern paper)
[02N] Cardboard case, 2 pieces(incl.mounting hook,
gypsumboard nail, pattern paper)
[03] Cardboard case, 2 pieces(incl.mounting hook,
gypsumboard nail, paper pattern, base member)
Sound Absorption Layer High-density non-woven fabric
Front surface Special cloth
Back surface MDF, insulation board

7. Dimensions 1.2mm thickness,
940mm×10m/roll
Packing material, quantity Contains one paper tube, craft
paper roll
Weight 19kg/roll (surface density 2.0kg/
㎡)
Base material High specific gravity substance-
formulated recycled vinyl
chloride
Front surface Non-woven fabric covering
Back surface Embossing
Formaldehyde regulations Labeling exempted product

8. COLOR AND DESIGNES
Dimensions 2.8mm thickness, 455mm×6m/roll
Packing material, quantity Contains one paper tube, craft paper roll
Weight 11.5kg/roll (surface density 4.2kg/㎡)
Base material Special unvulcanized rubber
Edge processing (Four sides) Detached
Formaldehyde regulations Labeling exempted product

9. FIXING DETAILES

10. Q1]MARKET SURVEY
OF ACOUSTIC
MATERIALS-
[B]FLOORING

11. MATERIAL
Acoustic flooring options: 5 materials suited for sound treatment
Both metrics are important in comparing acoustic flooring materials, and choosing the
underlayment and final flooring that best fit your building’s particular application. Still, a
material’s acoustic qualities are not the only factor to consider when selecting a flooring
material for your building.
For example, while carpeting might work perfectly within a classroom, it wouldn’t meet the
sanitary standards to be used in an operating room. There are many factors to consider
beyond acoustics—and a flooring contractor can guide you through them all.
While acoustic flooring materials are not one-size-fits-all, there are some materials that are
better at preventing sound transmission than others.
Here are some of the best acoustic flooring materials:
• Carpet
• Carpet is known for mitigating impact sound, making it a perfect choice for hotels,
classrooms and offices. Higher pile carpets or carpets with a thick pad underneath, are
especially good at absorbing sound and reducing transmission. Read our buyer’s guide to
commercial carpets now.

12. • Cork flooring
• Cork flooring is a sustainable, comfortable and sound-absorbent flooring option perfect
for many commercial applications. Still, due to its tendency to stain and indent it is
often used as an underlay to provide acoustic insulation. Read more about cork flooring
here.
• Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) flooring
• Durable, waterproof and easy to maintain, WPC flooring provides great acoustic
benefits, especially when it comes to mitigating the impact noise such as high foot
traffic. Its acoustic benefits are largely drawn from its backing layer, which not only
provides sound insulation, but also protects against mold and mildew. Learn more
about WPC flooring here.
• Rubber flooring
• Commercial rubber flooring is known for its sound absorbent qualities. More than that,
it is slip-, mold- and mildew-resistant. It is a great choice for hospitals, schools, gyms
and kitchens looking for a durable acoustic flooring material. Read more about rubber
flooring here.
• Vinyl tile
• Vinyl tile, especially luxury vinyl tile (LVT) installed with a sound-insulating
underlayment, is a great resilient flooring option used for sound treatment. It is
selected by many facilities due to its design versatility, durability and relatively low
maintenance costs.fig show vinyl planks tiles flooring.

13. PATTERNS
• Grid Pattern
• The most common way of laying out square or rectangular floor tiles is in a simple grid pattern where the edge of
the grid lines up to the walls. Depending on the size of your tiles and the room, this can be a very cost effective
and easy to apply layout, as there may be no need to cut tiles or have any wastage.
• This is the prefect tile pattern if you are using encaustic cement tiles which have their own inherent pattern; or if
you don’t wish to draw too much attention to the floor. However, this simple layout can also be eye-catching if you
want: using contrasting grout to highlight the pattern, or alternating tile colors to create a further layer of pattern
are both excellent options for adding flourish to a grid pattern.
• Offset Pattern – aka Running Bond or Runner
• Also known as the Running Bond or Runner pattern, the next easiest tile layout to consider is to offset the tiles, as
if you were laying bricks. This pattern can be done with either square or rectangular tiles; simply lay the first row
of tiles and then instead of running the next row directly under the first, offset the row so that the corner of the tile
below sits at the center-point of the one above.
• The advantage of this tile pattern is that it creates a little extra texture that softens the overall space – particularly
good for kitchen areas where cabinet and appliance doors can sometimes look a bit sharp and angular. It is also a
great floor tile pattern to use with wood-look ceramic planks, as it better mimics real wood floorboards (in this
case aim to offset one third down the length of the plank rather than at the center-point, or chose different offsets
for each row of planks for greater authenticity).
• Harlequin Pattern (square tiles laid on a diagonal)
• Almost exclusively used with square tiles, the Harlequin layout pattern is simply a grid pattern but set on the
diagonal at 45° to the walls. What this does is to give an illusion of greater space, making rooms seem bigger than
they are; and it is particularly useful in spaces that have unconventional shapes,as the pattern pulls focus

14. PATTERNS IN WHICH TILES ARE
AVAILABLE

15. FEATURES
CARPET FLOORING
There’s something very dependable about carpet when it comes to impacting sound transmission. There is a reason why it is used in anything from hotels to offices. It is also common in
homes, and it is not just because it is very comfortable on the feet.
Generally speaking, the higher the pile, the more impact it has on absorbing sound. Try to put as thick of a pad underneath as possible to help with sound control as well. Most can get away
with hiding a pretty nice pad underneath the carpet, and it only helps with the comfort level as well.
Some people are not exactly crazy about carpet in certain areas, which is why it is not the only solution out there. Not only that, but it is a little difficult to clean and maintain at times, which
is why people might shy away from it in high traffic areas.
RUBBER FLOORING
Most people find rubber flooring in a commercial setting, and it helps out a lot with sound absorption. Not only does it do a great job of controlling sound, but it is slip-resistant as well.
Places such as schools, kitchens, hospitals and more will use this type of flooring and really benefit from it in a lot of different ways.
It is not going to win any style prizes, but this is perfect for places where looks do not matter. Do not expect it to make an appearance in many homes, but businesses love it.
CORK FLOORING
As a standalone option, very few places actually use cork flooring. It is sustainable and comfortable, but it stains a lot and is not the most durable.
Think of it more like something that goes underneath another layer. It can provide some nice acoustic insulation, and it makes for a comfortable surface as well.
If the other options just do not work, try out cork flooring in a smaller area at first to test how it feels.
WPC TILES
This type of flooring has taken off in the last few years, and it probably won’t be slowing down any time soon.
WPC flooring is very popular because it is durable, waterproof, And takes virtually no effort to maintain. This works very well fighting against foot traffic that is walking across all the time.
VINYL TILES
High-quality vinyl tile works very well, especially if it has a sound-insulating underlayment. Not only does it fit in many different settings, but it is very durable once installed.
It might be a little costly at first, but the good news is that maintenance is pretty cheap.

16. APPLICATIONS & THICKNESSES
• ACOUSTIC CARPET TILE USAGE AREAS
• Today, it can be used in many areas such as movie theaters, theater halls, conference halls, concert halls, offices, airports, hotels, banks, public
institutions, shopping centers, plazas, business centers.It can also be used in dining halls and industrial facilities with its water-resistant structure,
long life, durability and easy cleaning.Acoustic carpet tile models are products that are easy to apply. It maximizes sound absorption performance
in the area of use. Acoustic carpet tiles, which have a textile surface with their stylish and warm structure, can be used both indoors and outdoors.
You can also use these products in your home.
• CORK TILES
• Building and Architecture Cork Applications: Due to its ability to simultaneously act as a thermal barrier, a sound insulator and a vibration
dampener, cork is often the first choice in the building industry. Cork is noncorrosive, is fire resistant and can bear heavy loads. It is widely used as
insulation in roofs, walls, floors and ceilings.
• Another of cork’s uses is in expansion or compression joints in concrete structures such as dams and tunnels. It is also used to absorb vibration in
buildings with metal structures.
• WPC FLOORING
• Kitchen. The warm wood look is so popular in kitchens right now, but if you’ve ever had solid hardwood floors, you know they don’t hold up to the
kitchen. At least not a kitchen that you actually use. WPC vinyl is the perfect alternative. You can also go for a stone look and it’s a little easier on
your feet and joints than traditional tile.
• Bathroom. Yes! You can have the look of wood floor in your bathroom and you don’t have to worry about flooding. WPC vinyl is easily as good a
choice as ceramic tile in any bathroom.
• Basement. Basements can be prone to flooding so flooring can be tricky. Luckily, WPC vinyl gives you an option for a gorgeous wood or stone look
floor in your basement without the worry of damage during a flood.
• Commercial space. WPC vinyl is one of the most durable flooring options on the market. It can hold up to the high traffic of commercial spaces,
piece of cake.
That being said, here are the available WPC vinyl thickness options:
• 5mm
• 5.5mm
• 6.5mm
• 8mm

17. • VINYL FLOORING
• Now that you know what PVC flooring is and what its main characteristics are, you
may be wondering where it can be used. The answer is that practically everywhere,
that is, both domestically (including bathrooms and kitchens) and industrial (including
commercial and medical).
• Its industrial application is especially recommended in hospitals, offices, shopping
malls, server rooms, factories and warehouses, all in corridors and in loading and
unloading areas and even around machinery. In Access Floor Store we bet on anti-
static homogeneous vinyl floor in server rooms, it can also be used to facilitate the
static conductive in operating rooms and electronics workshops.
• The Main Benefits That Make Vinyl PVC Floor An Ideal Option For Industrial Flooring
Are:
• Durability. Industrial floors must be resistant to constant traffic and bear the weight
of heavy machinery. Huiya PVC tiles easily withstand the high traffic and are resistant
to chemicals.
• Soundproof capacity. PVC tiles are capable of attenuating noise in installations where
machines, tools and people generate noise pollution.
• RUBBER FLOORING
• This type of flooring has already been popular in gyms, fieldhouses, and weight
rooms, but it is being used more in homes and commercial buildings.

18. FIXING DETAILS:VINYL FLOORING
• Step 1: Clean The Area
• Clean the Area
• When a vinyl seam gets raised or starts to peel, chances are good that dust, hair, pet dander, and other dirt elements will build up in the seam. To fix the seam, you will need to first get rid of this filth.
• Grab a vacuum cleaner and suck all the dirt from the seam. As simple as this step may seem, if you skip it, the adhesive you use to attach the vinyl back to the floor will likely not stick firmly and the seam will start rolling up
again.
• Step 2: Remove Old Adhesive
• Step 3: Vacuum Again
• Step 4: Heat The Seams
• Heat the Seams
• Using a hair drier, blow hot air around the peeled seams. This will warm the material and soften it up so it becomes easier for you to work with. Not just that. Heating the vinyl flooring will also prevent cracking so you don’t
end up replacing the entire tile or section of the floor.
• Step 5: Apply Adhesive
• Apply Adhesive
• Step 6: Add More Pressure To The Seam
• Add More Pressure to The Seam
• Run a roller over the seam to exert more pressure on the vinyl. Moving the roller over the length of the closed edge will also create a strong bond between the seam, the adhesive, and the subfloor. It will remove any air
pockets beneath too
• As you continue pressing the vinyl, you may notice some adhesive oozing out through the seam. Just wipe it off.
• If you don’t have access to a seam roller, just place a heavy object on the vinyl. Something like a stack of books, a bucket of water, or a trash can will help weigh down the seam just as good or even better than a roller.
• Step 7: Let The Seam Dry
• Step 8: Seal The Seam
• Seal the Seam
• Your seam has to be sealed so it can stay fused together with the floor underneath. Sealing will also help keep water, dirt, and other elements from building up in the seam and causing it to peel again in the future.
• Applying a vinyl floor seam sealer is easy as most of them come with a built-in applicator. Just follow the instructions on the package.
• Don’t forget to wipe any spills off the seam. Now wait for the area to completely dry and set up before walking on it.

19. FIXING DETAILS:RUBBER FLOORING
• Apply the double-sided sealing tape completely around the inside perimeter in regards to the width and length of the roll. Do
not remove the release paper.
• Place the roll end against the wall, and unroll the first piece over the prepared area. Maneuver the rubber to lay precisely with
a mallet and wood block.
• If the rubber exceeds the floor space, use a straight edge and non-retractable utility knife to trim the excess length.
• If you are laying rubber flooring and the mats will lie lengthwise, use chalk to mark the excess rubber, and cut at the line so the
adjacent rolls are flush.
• Press firmly on the mats to remove any curls or bubbles.
• At the beginning of the seam, fold back the rubber at the width point so that the tape is viewable. Remove release paper and
ease rubber back down into place. Do not allow it to “flop” onto the tape, as it may create air pockets.
• Press to adhere. Continue this process for the remainder of the floor.
• After the first 60 minutes, when the adhesive has begun to set, thoroughly roll the matting with a 50- to 100-lb carpet roller to
assure the rubber has bonded to the adhesive. Repeat this step at 75 and 90 minutes.
• Be careful not to shift the roll as you use the carpet roller.
• Rolling should be done both widthwise and lengthwise.
• Make sure to butt the mats up against adjacent or end-to-end mats to ensure tight joints without gaps. If gapping occurs, use
masking, cellophane or packing tape to hold the mats together until the adhesive cures or the remaining pieces are laid.
• Do not use duct tape as it may leave residue on the surface when removed.

20. PRICES

21. Q1]MARKET SURVEY
OF ACOUSTIC
MATERIALS-
[C]FALSE CEILING

22. MARKET SURVEY - CEILING :-
Types of Ceiling-
•Plaster of Paris Ceilings
•Gypsum Ceilings
•Wooden Ceilings
•Fiber Ceilings
•Metal Ceilings
•Glass Ceilings
•PVC Ceilings
•Fabric and Synthetic Leather Ceilings
CEILING:-
A roof is the topmost and the most important part of a building, offering protection from the elements
such as winds, high or low temperatures, sunlight, snow and rain.
Besides providing protection, the bottom of the roof serves as a place where occupants of a building
can exhibit aesthetic sense by creating attractive false ceilings using decorative ceiling panels that can
please the eye.
Top 5 False Ceiling Brands In India:
1. Gyproc by Saint-Gobain.
2. Armstrong.
3. SHERA.
4. USG Boral.
5. Gypcore.
FALL CEILING BRANDS :-

23. MARKET SURVEY - FALSE CEILING :-
1. Gypsum
Gypsum has emerged as the most popular false ceiling material. It is available in the form of square boards that are factory-
manufactured.
Pros
Gypsum boards are very strong and highly durable.
The best part about using gypsum boards is that they ensure quick and easy installation and generate very little dust during
execution. Also, since the gypsum boards are available in large sizes, very few joint lines are visible in the ceiling.
Gypsum is a fire-resistant material.
Gypsum has very good acoustic properties and it provides good sound proofing.
These ceilings provide good thermal insulation.
Gypsum boards have a very smooth factory-produced finish. The ceiling can be further finished with paint, laminate or
wallpaper.
Cons
In case there is any damage caused to the ceiling, it needs to be broken down completely as it cannot be repaired. The ceiling
may develop visible cracks over a length of time.
It is not suitable for moisture-laden areas such as the bathroom or the outdoors, because gypsum has the tendency to warp. It
may also fall prey to fungal growth.
In this example, just see how gypsum board ceilings are installed by fixing it in a
visible square grid. The standard size of the gypsum panels is 2 x 2 feet. These ceiling
boards are available in a smooth, textured or patterned finish.
Gypsum grid ceilings are most suitable for areas with a ducted air-conditioning or
hidden services because these ceiling panels are removable and can allow easy
access to the service areas.
2. Stained glass
Glass insets can be fixed onto the POP, gypsum or wooden ceilings.
Pros
Stained glass ceilings give a very eye-catching look to the interiors and are a
great way to infuse an element of art into the space.
Cons
Glass should be handled with care. Before installation make sure that the
faux ceiling can take the additional load of the glass.
Stained glass ceiling panels need maintenance and should be cleaned
regularly, because dust and dirt show easily on glass.
Stained glass is hand-painted, hence expensive.
Tip:
One can use stained glass on the ceiling but only in small amounts, to
prevent it from looking garish.

24. MARKET SURVEY - FALSE CEILING :-
3. POP (Plaster of Paris)
POP is a quick-setting white powder that hardens quickly when mixed with water. This mixture is applied to a
chicken mesh, allowed to dry and then fixed as the false ceiling.
Pros
POP is a durable false ceiling material.
It forms a smooth finish which does not show cracks because the same material is used for closing all the joint lines.
Paints settle very well on the POP ceiling.
POP is a flexible material and one can achieve any shape with POP.
It is one of the cheapest false ceiling materials.
Cons
The process of mixing the POP with water and letting it dry on site is a very time-consuming and messy process.
Note:
Only skilled workers should be employed to fabricate the POP ceiling because they will know the correct proportions
for mixing POP with water.
4. Wood
Bring in a warm, rustic or high-end modern look to your decor with wooden ceilings.
These ceilings are installed by fixing wooden blocks or panels on the structural
ceiling and finishing it with veneer or wood polish.
Pros
Wooden ceilings stand out because of the natural textures and grain patterns of
wood. These ceilings go well with both traditional and modern decors.
Cons
Wooden false ceilings are very expensive.
Wooden ceilings can get infested with termites.
Wood has the tendency to expand and contract; hence it is prone to warping and
cracking.

25. MARKET SURVEY - FALSE CEILING :-
5. Metal
Metal ceilings comprise metal panels suspended in a visible grid, as seen in the
image above. The metal panels are available in the form of ready-to-install tiles.
Pros
Metal ceilings are very strong and durable.
These ceilings are maintenance-free as they do not crack or warp over time.
Metal has a very good sheen, which imparts a high-end shiny look to the decor.
Cons
Metal ceiling panels are very expensive.
These panels should be finished with a protective coating that shall protect the
metal sheets from corrosion.
6. PVC
If you are looking for a water-resistant false ceiling material, go for PVC (polyvinyl
chloride) ceiling panels.
Pros
PVC sheets are lightweight, durable and sturdy, which do not require any
finishing or painting once installed. They last for years without warping or
bending.
The water-resistant nature of the PVC sheets prevents water absorption. Hence,
they are resistant to mould and mildew, especially in areas with damp
conditions.
PVC panels are easy to install and are highly affordable.
They are available in many colours.
Cons
PVC false ceiling panels can give a plastic look.
Another major drawback is that PVC false ceiling panels are not fire-resistant and
may get damaged when subjected to heat.

28. (Cost per sq ft.: ₹50 – ₹150)

30. Types of False Ceiling Designs
oSingle-layered False Ceiling
oMulti-layered False Ceiling
oPlus-Minus POP False Ceiling
oCoffered False Ceiling
Single-layered False Ceiling
This type of ceiling is a fool-proof way to jazz up a room without going the whole hog. Homeowners
could choose to leave it white on a white ceiling, as this adds dimension without necessarily
overwhelming the space. However, if you’d like to go out with a bang, you could choose from a variety
of colours, shapes, textures and lighting options to draw the eye upwards immediately. This is a great
trick to distract from a small space or one that doesn’t do much in terms of decor.
Multi-layered False Ceiling
Layers are a great way to experiment with an already versatile medium to create a completely
personalised ceiling. In larger rooms, a multi-layered ceiling in the centre of the ceiling creates drama
and the feeling of grandeur, while those laid out near the edges are more likely to make the space
look wider. A multi-layered ceiling also opens up new avenues for lighting, colour and shape-based
experiments.
Plus-Minus POP False Ceiling
Constructed completely out of POP, the plus-minus ceiling design is where there are elements
protruding out of a regular false ceiling or, by contrast, tucked into it. This trend is more on the
elaborate side, so be sure to factor in existing decor plans and the amount of space you have before
playing around with this idea.
Coffered False Ceiling
Coffers are sunken square or boxy panels that are fixed into a ceiling. Aside from instantly bringing
drama into a space, this ceiling design also creates the illusion of higher ceiling height and multiple
dimensions within one room.

31. False Ceiling Shapes
1: Box ceiling
2: Peripheral ceiling
3: Geometric design
4: Intricate lattice
5: Wooden slats
6: Inverted cove
This design features a layered ceiling with boxed
and recessed lights attached to them.
This minimal design runs along the corners of
the room and is perfect for low ceiling homes.
This design requires suspended panels for each
piece that is put together. It’s a modern design
that gives the room a stylish edge.
Installing a lattice in a false ceiling provides a
subtle demarcation to an open space and adds
to the aesthetics of a room.
Wooden false ceilings are a favourite albeit
expensive option among homeowners. It is also
one of the best insulating ceiling options
A great option to
reduce high ceilings. It
works well in every
room and is perfect for
ambient lighting.

32. BMS-V
ACOUSTICS
ASSIGNEMENT[Q2]
MADE BY:
 DEVAGYA GANDHI
 SAUHARD KUKRETI
 SUMEDHA ARORA

33. Q2[A] EXPLAIN WITH THE HELP OF SKETCHES
BEHAVIOR OF SOUND IN AN ENCLOSED SURFACE
ROOM ACOUSTICS
Behavior of Sound in an Enclosed Space
Shape, dimensions, construction, and contents of any room will determine how sound is transmitted, reflected and absorbed. The way in which sound behaves in an enclosed space
depends on the following factors:
• Attenuation due to distance.
• Audience absorption of direct sound.
• Surface absorption of direct and reflected sound.
• Reflection from re-entrant angle - Sound entering right-angled corner of room will be reflected back towards source if surfaces are acoustically reflective. This can produce
echoes in large spaces.
• Dispersion of modeled surface - Reflections can be reduced by making one surface dispersive i.e. not at a right angle.
• Edge diffraction - Edge diffraction results in the curvature of part of a sound wave around the edge of a barrier.
• Sound shadow - Any barrier interrupting a sound wave will create a shadow (light). However, because of edge diffraction some sound will creep into this but such penetration is
frequency dependent - high frequencies are less diffracted than low frequencies. Such problems can occur in auditorium with balconies.
• Primary reflection - Angle of incidence = angle of reflection, plus nature of sound reflector is important.
• Panel resonance - Sound waves can propagate "through" a solid material by panel vibration. The sound does not actually penetrate the material but rather causes this to vibrate
and act as a sound source itself. The panel will be vibrated by both direct and reflected sound waves.

35. • 2 factors affect sound transmission: 1. increased weight per unit area of panel decreases sound transmission 2. increased frequency of
incident sound decreases sound transmission.
Apart from just mass of the panel other factors can affect sound transmission:
• Panel stiffness - at very low frequencies the stiffness (i.e. resistance to deformation) may have more effect than its weight. In this part of the
frequency range insulation is termed stiffness controlled.
• Rigid panels - if a rigid panel is struck it will continue to vibrate at frequencies determined by its size, shape, and thickness - this is its
"natural frequency" (natural mode of vibration).
All subsequent frequencies which produce such vibration are called resonant frequencies and sound insulation will be reduced. This is
termed resonance-controlled insulation.
Coincident sound - Not all sound striking a panel will strike this at right angles but some will strike this obliquely and these will produce a
forced motion in the panel (the trace wavelength). When the bending wavelength of the panel is equal to the trace wavelength then transmission
increases, and insulation is decreased. In this frequency region sound transmission is said to be coincidence controlled
Inter-reflection, standing waves and reverberation - Standing waves are stationary fluctuations in pressure due to the superposition of sound
waves moving in the opposite direction.

36. Q2[B] EVALUATION OF IMPACT OF MATERIALS OF
ACOUSTICS MANUFACTURING ON ENVIRONMENT ON
THE GIVEN ASPECTS:
• NAME OF MATERIALS
• APPLICATION
• PROPERTIES
• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE MANUFACTURING
• INSTALLATION METHOD

37. NAME OF
MATERIALS
APPLICATION PROPERTIES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE
MANUFACTURING
INSTALLATION METHOD
SOUND
INSULATING
MATERIALS:
 FIBRE
GLASS
WOOL
 GLASS WOOL INSULATION IS
ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY
USED FORMS OF INSULATIONS
WORLD-WIDE BECAUSE OF ITS
THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC
PROPERTIES, LIGHT WEIGHT,
HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH AND
EXCEPTIONAL RESILIENCE.
GLASS WOOL IS ONE OF THE
MOST DOMINANT TYPES OF
INSULATIONS PREFERRED IN
APPLICATIONS WITH SERVICE
TEMPERATURES RANGING
UPTO 250C.
 USED AS GENSETS.
 RANGE: GLASS WOOL IS
SUITABLE FOR APPLICATIONS
RANGING FROM MINUS 195
DEGREE CELSIUS TO PLUS 230
DEGREE CELSIUS. FOR
SPECIAL APPLICATIONS UP TO
450 DEGREE. ALUMINUM FOIL
FACING IS SUITABLE UP TO 120
DEGREE CELSIUS.
 MADE FROM BONDED GLASS FIBRES. FOR THERMAL
AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION, AVAILABLE WITH OR
WITHOUT AI.FOIL. IDEA FOR UNDER DECK INSULATION,
OVER THE FALSE CEILING AND FOR DUCTING.
 SIZE: ROLLS IN STANDARD WIDTH OF 1.2 M
 DENSITY: 16, 24, 32 & 48KG/M3
 THICKNESS : 25, 50MM ASLO R.P.TISSUE AND RIGID
BOARDS ETC.,
 GLASS WOOL CONSIST OF FINE, LONG, INORGANIC
FIBERS BONDED TOGETHER BY HIGH TEMPERATURE
BINDER. THESE FIBERS (EACH OF APPROX. 6 - 7
MICRONS DIAMETER) ARE DISTRIBUTED TO TRAP
MILLIONS OF TINY POCKETS OF AIR IN IT THEREBY
CREATING IT AN EXCELLENT THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC
INSULATION.
 TYPES OF FACINGS: ALUMINUM FOIL, BLACK GLASS
TISSUE, GLASS CLOTH.
 FIRE SAFETY: GLASS WOOL IS NON-COMBUSTIBLE IN
ACCORDANCE WITH BS 476 INCOMBUSTIBLE,
EXTREMELY LOW SPREAD OF FLAME, NON EMISSION OF
DENSE SMOKE AND TOXIC GASES, ON DEPLETION OF
OXYGEN (HIGH OXYGEN INDEX 70%).
 CHEMICAL STABILITY: GLASS WOOL IS CHEMICALLY
INERT. APPLICATION DOES NOT CAUSE OR ACCELERATE
CORROSION. GLASS WOOL IS ROT PROOF AND
ODORLESS.
 BIOLOGICAL: GLASS WOOL IS INORGANIC. DOES NOT
ENCOURAGE GROWTH OF FUNGI AND VERMIN.
 DIMENSIONAL: GLASS WOOL IS STABLE UNDER VARYING
CONDITIONS OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY WHEN
APPLIED CORRECTLY. EXCELLENT TEAR STRENGTH AND
NOT PRONE TO SAGGING OR SETTLING. RIGID SLABS
HAVE INHERENTLY HIGH COMPRESSION RESISTANCE.
 VIBRATION AND JOLTING RESISTANCE: CONFORMS TO
BS 2972.
 MOISTURE CONTENT: LESS THAN 2% IN ACCORDANCE
WITH BS 2972.
 WATER ABSORPTION: LESS THAN 2% IN ACCORDANCE
WITH BS 2972.
 SHOT CONTENT: NIL IN ACCORDANCE WITH BS 2972.
 ODORLESS: CONFORMS TO BS 2972.
 NO MOULD GROWTH: CONFORMS TO BS 2972.
 POSITIVE CARBON FOOTPRINT:
INSULATION’S EXCEPTIONAL
THERMAL PERFORMANCE
PROPERTIES MAKE OUR BUILDINGS
LESS DEPENDENT ON ENERGY -
FOR EACH TONNE OF CO2
EMITTED IN MANUFACTURING
MINERAL WOOL, AROUND 200
TONNES ARE SAVED DURING THE
PRODUCTS LIFETIME.
 ENERGY EFFICIENCY
THERE HAS BEEN A STEADY
DECREASE IN ENERGY INPUTS
ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRODUCTION
OF GLASS AND STONE WOOL.
MANUFACTURING MINERAL WOOL
REQUIRES ONLY HALF THE ENERGY
NEEDED TO MANUFACTURE OTHER
TYPES OF INSULATION.
 WASTE REDUCTION
DECLINING LEVELS OF WASTE ARE
BEING SENT TO LANDFILL BECAUSE
STREAMLINED PRODUCTION
PROCESSES REQUIRE LESS RAW
MATERIALS AND BECAUSE OF THE
INCREASING AMOUNTS OF RECYCLED
MATERIALS BEING USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL WOOL.
• BASE LAYER OF THE WALL - WATER VAPOR
BARRIER - ELASTIC LINE SPLIT - SET VERTICAL
TAIL - FIN HORIZONTAL GRADE - FILL SOUND
ABSORBING PANELS - SEALED FIBERGLASS
DUST - INSTALL ALUMINUM MESH - LAYERED,
ANGLED ALUMINUM - QUALITY CONTROL.
• IN THE CASE OF CONCRETE WALLS, YOU CAN
IMMEDIATELY APPLY A LAYER OF 1.5 MM
THICK LAYER OF POLYURETHANE
WATERPROOF COATING. IN THE CASE OF
WALL, THE UNIT SHOULD CLEAN THE
SURFACE OF THE 20 THICK CEMENT MORTAR
1:3, AND THEN APPLY A LAYER OF
WATERPROOF COATING.
• ACCORDING TO THE HEIGHT OF EACH
ROOM'S CONSTRUCTION, SET IT UP TO (SEE
WATERPROOF AND FLOOR TILES AND WALLS
SHOULD BE SET TO RESERVE OR CLOSE THE
BASE) LIGHT STEEL KEEL, THE TOP OF THE
KEEL CORRESPONDS TO THE CREATION OF
HEAVEN AND EARTH (IF NOT BREAKING THE
GROUND) THE RIDGES CAN BE FIXED
DIRECTLY TO THE GROUND AND CEILING
LIGHT STEEL KEELS OR DOWELS, AND THEN
THE KEELS ARE MOUNTED WITH A 600MM
PITCH OR STUDS. AFTER THE KEEL IS
INSTALLED, IT IS MOUNTED ON THE VERTICAL
TRANSVERSE KEEL FIN GAP, AND THE
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL TAILS ARE FILLED
WITH SOUND-ABSORBING COTTON
ELEMENTS THAT ARE A FLAT HORIZONTAL
SURFACE OF THE KEEL. THE LIGHT IS BONDED
TO THE METAL FRAME TO JOIN THE KEEL
STEEL FRAME GLASS AND THEN SEALED AND
THE VERSAMAT ALUMINUM MESHING RACK
IS MOUNTED ON THE METAL FRAME TO
HOLD THE PRESSURE-FIXED ALUMINUM
MESH ALUMINUM RIVET. THE DISTANCE
BETWEEN THE GLASS WOOL FELTS IS
BIDIRECTIONAL 600*1200 MM AND THE
ALUMINUM ALLOY DOORS AND WINDOWS
ARE CLOSED.

39. SOUND
INSULATING
MATERIALS:
ROCK
WOOL
 AS ROCK WOOL
INSULATION SLABS HAVE A
HIGH ACOUSTIC AND
THERMAL INSULATION
PROPERTY, ALSO WITH A
HIGH NOISE REDUCTION
COEFFICIENT OF UP TO 0.9
TO 1; THESE SLABS ARE
USED TO INSULATE THE
ROOM FROM NOISE, ECHO,
THERMAL AND HEAT.
HENCE, MAKING IT
SUITABLE FOR PLACES
LIKE:
– OFFICES
– CONFERENCE HALLS
– HOME THEATERS, CINEMAS
– SERVER ROOMS,
– RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS
ETC.
 THESE ROCK WOOL
INSULATION SLABS CAN BE
USED TO LOWER THE
TEMPERATURE OF THE
ROOM IN REGIONS WHERE
THE TEMPERATURE IS TOO
HIGH. ALSO BEING A
BETTER PRODUCT IN
TERMS OF HEALTH AND
ECO-FRIENDLY, THESE
ROCK WOOL INSULATION
SLABS CAN BE USED AS A
SUBSTITUTE AND BE
INSTALLED INSTEAD OF
USING FIBER GLASS WOOL
INSULATION OR ANY
OTHER TYPE OF
INSULATION.
 IT HAS A HIGH THERMAL EFFICIENCY. THIS
MEANS THAT ONCE YOU COVER A WHOLE ROOM
IN ROCKWOOL, IT WILL SAVE YOU MONEY. ‘HOW
IS THAT POSSIBLE.’ YOU MAY ASK. IT’S VERY
SIMPLE. BECAUSE OF THAT PROPERTY, THE
ROOM WILL BE MUCH WARMER AND STAY THAT
WAY FOR A LONG TIME IN THE WINTER. YOUR
ENERGY BILLS WILL BE LOWER, AND,
THEREFORE, YOU ARE SAVING MONEY.
 THE MAIN REASON WHY SOMEONE WOULD
INSTALL THIS IS, OF COURSE, IS BECAUSE OF
THE NOISE INSULATION IT OFFERS. IT HAS A
HIGH DENSITY THAT TRAPS SOUND WAVES AND
DEADENS VIBRATION TIME. MOREOVER, IT CAN
BLOCK SOUND FREQUENCIES LOWER THAN
1KHZ, AS I’VE ALREADY TOLD YOU.
 IT IS MADE FROM A MATERIAL THAT IS FIRE-
RESISTANT, SO YOU WILL FEEL SAFER IN YOUR
OWN HOME. HOWEVER, YOU SHOULD NOT RELY
ON THAT, AS IT IS COMBUSTIBLE. IN CASE OF A
BIG FIRE, IT WILL BURN.
 IT IS A BREATHABLE MATERIAL. MANY PEOPLE
ARE SCARED THAT INSTALLING ROCKWOOL ON
YOUR WALL IS GOING TO ALLOW IT TO GROW
BACTERIA. THAT IS VERY WRONG. THIS
MATERIAL WILL ALLOW MOISTURE TO ESCAPE
FROM THE CONSTRUCTION, SO YOU DON’T
HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT THAT.
 IT CONSTITUTES A COMPRESSION-RESISTANT
MATERIAL THAT CAN BE USED AS ROOFING
BOARDS OR BONDED PANELS.
 IT’S QUICK AND EASY TO INSTALL.
 IT OFFERS A HEALTHIER ENVIRONMENT
WHEREVER INSTALLED BECAUSE IT IMPROVES
THE THERMAL COMFORT AND AIR QUALITY.
 ROCKWOOL HAS AN UNLIMITED LIFETIME, SO
YOU DON’T HAVE TO CHECK OR CHANGE IT AT
ALL. IT IS A WORTH LONG LIVING INVESTMENT.
 IT REDUCES CARBON FOOTPRINT, SO IT HAS A
MINIMAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.
 QUARRING OF MATERIAL
RESULTS IN LAND
DEGRADATION.
 IT EMITES
FORMALDYHYDE,PHENOL
AND CARBON MONOXIDE
LIKE POLLUTANTS.
 NOT ONLY IS ROCKWOOL
UNFRIENDLY TO THE
ENVIRONMENT – IT’S
ALSO POTENTIALLY
HARMFUL TO YOUR
HEALTH. NEW BLOCKS
CAN CONTAIN A LOT OF
DUST AND LOOSE FIBERS
THAT CAN GET IN YOUR
EYES, MOUTH, SKIN AND
LUNGS. IT’S SIMILAR TO
ASBESTOS IN THE SENSE
THAT THE LITTLE FIBERS
CAN LODGE THEMSELVES
IN YOUR LUNGS IF YOU’RE
WORKING WITH IT A LOT.
 SERRATED KNIVES OR RECIPROCATING
“SERRATED”BLADES TO BE USED TO
CREATE CLEANER CUTS AND REDUCE
WASTE AND DUST ON THE JOBSITE.
 WHEN PRODUCT IS STORED
OUTDOORS, THE PLASTIC SHROUD
MUST BE SLIT AND THE INSULATION
PROTECTED BY A WATERPROOF,
BREATHABLE COVERING SUCH AS A
TARPAULIN.
 SECURE INSULATION BOARDS WITH
APPROPRIATE WASHERS AND FASTENERS
SPACED TO ROCKWOOL REQUIREMENTS.
TIGHTER FASTENERS FLUSH WITH
INSULATION FACER.
 PLACE THE BOARDS TOGETHER, BY
BUTTING BOARD EDGES TIGHTLY
TOGETHER. DO NOT KICK OR
DAMAGE THE SIDES OF THE
BOARDS.

41. SOUND
INSULATING
MATERIALS:
GLASS
INSULATI
NG
MATERIA
L
 WINDOWS, PATIO DOORS,
SKYLIGHTS,
CONSERVATORIES AND
INTERNAL SCREENS AND
PARTITIONS. IT CAN ALSO BE
INCORPORATED WITHIN
DOUBLE GLAZING WINDOW
RANGING IN THICKNESS FROM
26MM - 40MM, AS WELL AS
SINGLE GLAZED
APPLICATIONS FROM 6.8MM
TO 12.8 MM IN THICKNESS.
 THE ACOUSTIC QUALITIES OF
WINDOWS ARE DETERMINED
BY THE GLAZING BUT ALSO BY
THE TYPE OF FRAME,
ASSEMBLY, SHUTTERS AND
HOW THE ENTIRE UNIT IS
INSTALLED. ACOUSTIC
INSULATION GLAZING MUST
BE MOUNTED IN AN
EFFECTIVE AND WELL-
INSTALLED FRAME. THE
ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE OF
GLASS IS NOT AFFECTED BY,
FILLING INSULATION GLAZING
WITH ARGON TO IMPROVE
THE THERMAL INSULATION,
THE DEPOSIT ON ONE OF THE
PANES OF GLASS OF A SOLAR
CONTROL OR THERMAL
INSULATION COATING, GLASS
TEMPERING AND THE
POSITION OF THE TWO PANES
OF GLASS, IRRESPECTIVE OF
WHETHER THEY ARE PLACED
ON THE INTERIOR OR
EXTERIOR OF THE
INSULATION GLAZING.
 THE SOUND ATTENUATION OF ANY MATERIAL DEPENDS ON
ITS MASS, STIFFNESS AND DAMPING CHARACTERISTICS.
WITH A SINGLE GLASS PANE THE ONLY EFFECTIVE WAY TO
INCREASE ITS PERFORMANCE IS TO INCREASE THE
THICKNESS, BECAUSE STIFFNESS AND DAMPING CANNOT
BE CHANGED. THE SOUND TRANSMISSION LOSS FOR A
SINGLE GLASS PANE, MEASURED OVER A RANGE OF
FREQUENCIES, VARIES DEPENDING ON GLASS THICKNESS.
 THICKER GLASS TENDS TO PROVIDE GREATER SOUND
REDUCTION EVEN THOUGH IT MAY ACTUALLY TRANSMIT
MORE SOUND AT SPECIFIC FREQUENCIES. EVERY GLASS
PANE THICKNESS HAS A WEAK FREQUENCY VALUE; THAT IS,
A FREQUENCY FOR WHICH THAT GLASS IS LESS 'NOISE
ABSORBENT' THAN FOR THE OTHERS. THAT VALUE IS
KNOWN AS CRITICAL FREQUENCY.
 EACH GLASS TYPE AND THICKNESS HAS A CRITICAL
FREQUENCY AT WHICH ITS SOUND REDUCTION VALUE IS
LOW. AT THIS FREQUENCY, OR COINCIDENCE RESONANCE,
IT VIBRATES MORE EASILY AND TRANSMITS NOISE MORE
READILY. THE ACOUSTIC INSULATION PERFORMANCE OF
GLASS CAN BE AFFECTED BY AS MUCH AS 10 TO 15 DB.
 FOR 4 MM MONOLITHIC GLASS, THE CRITICAL FREQUENCY
IS 3 000 HZ, WHILST FOR 13 MM THICK PLASTER IT IS 3 200
HZ. BY INCREASING THE THICKNESS OF THE GLASS, ITS
COINCIDENCE RESONANCE IS DISPLACED TOWARDS THE
LOWER FREQUENCIES. THE GLASS WOULD HAVE TO BE 12
CM THICK BEFORE THE “HOLE” CAUSED BY THE CRITICAL
FREQUENCY DROPPED BELOW 100 HZ AND COULD
THEREFORE BE IGNORED.
PROPERTIES:
THE PROPERTIES OF THE GLASS
INSULATOR ARE-
 DIELECTRIC STRENGTH: THE APPROXIMATE VALUE OF
DIELECTRIC STRENGTH IS 140 KV/CM.
 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH: THE APPROXIMATE VALUE OF
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IS 10,000 KG/CM².
 TENSILE STRENGTH: THE APPROXIMATE VALUE OF TENSILE
STRENGTH IS 35,000 KG/CM².
 THE MAJOR
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT OF GLASS
PRODUCTION IS CAUSED
BY ATMOSPHERIC
EMISSIONS FROM
MELTING ACTIVITIES:
 THE COMBUSTION OF
NATURAL GAS/FUEL OIL
AND THE
DECOMPOSITION OF RAW
MATERIALS DURING THE
MELTING LEAD TO THE
EMISSION OF CO2. THIS
IS THE ONLY
GREENHOUSE GAS
EMITTED DURING THE
PRODUCTION OF GLASS.
 SULPHUR DIOXIDE (SO2)
FROM THE FUEL AND/OR
FROM DECOMPOSITION
OF SULPHATE IN THE
BATCH MATERIALS CAN
CONTRIBUTE TO
ACIDIFICATION.
 NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX)
DUE TO THE HIGH
MELTING TEMPERATURES
AND IN SOME CASES DUE
TO DECOMPOSITION OF
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
IN THE BATCH MATERIALS
ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO
ACIDIFICATION AND
FORMATION OF SMOG.
 EVAPORATION FROM THE
MOLTEN GLASS AND RAW
MATERIALS CAN CAUSE
RELEASE OF PARTICLES
INTO THE ATMOSPHERE.
ACOUSTIC GLASS IS A
SANDWICH OF TWO OR
MORE SHEETS OF GLASS,
HEAT OR PRESSURE
BONDED TOGETHER WITH
ONE OR MORE ACOUSTIC
POLYVINYL BUTYRAL (PVB)
INTERLAYERS. THE
INTERLAYERS ACT AS A
NOISE DAMPER,
WEAKENING THE ENERGY
OF THE SOUND WAVES AS
THEY TRAVEL THROUGH
THE GLASS.

43. SOUND
INSULATING
MATERIALS:
 MASS
LOADED
VINYL
 WALLS,
CEILINGS AND
FLOORS
 MACHINERY
ENCLOSURES
 APPLIANCE
HOUSINGS
 WORK SPACE
PARTITIONS
 TEST CELLS
 WOOD,
GYPSUM, AND
FOAM
COMPOSITES
 SPEAKERS
 GIVEN ON NEXT SLIDE IN
FORM OF TABLES
SINCE THEY
ARE NOT
COMPELETELY
MADE THE
VOLATILE
ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS,T
HEY EMIT
GASES THAT
CAN HAVE BAD
IMPACT ON THE
ENVIRONMENT
AND OZONE
LAYER.
 MEASURE THE WALL, FLOOR, OR CEILING
SURFACE, ROLL OUT THE MLV, AND CUT THE MLV
TO SIZE USING A STANDARD RAZOR.
 IF MEASURING A WALL, MEASURE THE DISTANCE
BETWEEN THE CEILING AND THE FLOOR.
SUBTRACT 1/4″ TO 1/2″ FROM THE TOTAL TO
ALLOW FOR A SMALL PERIMETER GAP. WE
RECOMMEND INSTALLING THE MLV PARALLEL
WITH THE FRAMING.
 POSITION MLV:WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF A
HELPER, POSITION THE FIRST SECTION OF MLV
SOUND DEADENING MATERIAL IN THE TOP
CORNER AGAINST THE WALL FRAME.
 CONTINUE FASTENING
 REPEAT THE PREVIOUS STEPS UNTIL YOUR ENTIRE
WALL OR CEILING IS COVERED IN MLV.
 WHEN MLV SEAMS TERMINATE ON A STUD, BUTT
THE PIECES TOGETHER, CAULK THE SEAM, AND
TAPE THE SEAM WITH DUCT OR FOIL TAPE. WHEN
MLV SEAMS TERMINATE BETWEEN STUDS,
OVERLAP THE MLV ABOUT 2″, AND TAPE THE
SEAM.

46. SOUND
INSULATING
MATERIALS:
 CORK
SOUND
INSULL
ATION
 SPACERS AND
BUMPERS
 PROTECTIVE TAPES
 GASKETS
 STRIPPING TAPES
 INSULATION AND
AIR CUSHIONING
 CORK FLOORING
UNDERLAYMENT
 CONSTRUCTION
 SOUND ABSORPTION:UNLIKE REGULAR WALL
SURFACES WHICH CAN REFLECT SOUND, CORK
WALL PANELS CAN HELP ABSORB AND REDUCE
ACOUSTIC NOISES. CORK IS OFTEN USED IN
MUSIC RECORDING ENVIRONMENTS AS NOISE
REDUCTION MATERIAL BECAUSE OF ITS
EXCELLENT SOUND ABSORPTION. ALL OF OUR
CORK BRICKS AND PANELS ARE EASY TO INSTALL
FOR A GREAT-LOOKING SOLUTION FOR REDUCING
EXCESS NOISE AND REVERBERATION.
 ACOUSTIC INSULATION:CORK PRODUCTS ARE A
GREAT CHOICE FOR BUILDING PROJECTS SUCH
AS APARTMENT BUILDINGS AND OFFICE SPACES
WHERE THERE IS A NEED TO REDUCE SOUND
FROM ADJOINING ROOMS. OUR CORK BRICKS AND
BLOCKS ARE A QUICK AND EASY WAY TO ADD
SOUND INSULATION TO ANY WALL WHILE ALSO
LOOKING GREAT.
 CORK INSULATION CAN HELP YOU REDUCE YOUR
ENERGY COSTS.
 CORK INSULATION IS RESISTANT TO DAMPNESS
AND ROT.
 HEAT RETENTION: THE HONEYCOMBED
STRUCTURE OF CORK BARK MEANS THAT TINY
COMPARTMENTS OF AIR ARE TRAPPED WITHIN
THE CELLULAR STRUCTURE. THIS TRAPPED AIR
PROVIDES A LAYER OF INSULATION AGAINST
THERMAL TRANSFER. THIS LOW HEAT
CONDUCTIVITY MAKES CORK ONE OF THE BEST
INSULATING MATERIALS IN THE WORLD. IT IS
“NATURE’S STYROFOAM” WITHOUT THE OFF-
GASSING. NOT ONLY WILL YOU BE REDUCING
HEATING COSTS IN WINTER BUT YOUR BARE FEET
WILL HAVE SOMETHING COMFORTABLE TO WALK
ON.
 DURABILITY: CORK FLOORING HAS SUPERIOR
DURABILITY TO MANY OTHER TYPES OF FLOORING
AND IT OWES THIS PROPERTY TO ITS INCREDIBLE
ELASTICITY. THIS ELASTICITY ENABLES IT TO
RECOVER WELL FROM COMPRESSION AND THUS
COPE WELL WITH AREAS OF HIGH TRAFFIC.
• ACCORDING TO THE
EUROPEAN STANDARD THAT
PROVIDES THE CORE
PRODUCT CATEGORY RULES
FOR ALL
CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES, EN 15804:2012+A1
2015, THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
SHOULD
 INVOLVE SEVEN CATEGORIES:
 ‚ GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL
OVER A TIME SPAN OF 100 YEARS
(GWP);
 ‚ OZONE DEPLETION (ODP);
 ‚ ACIDIFICATION POTENTIAL OF
SOIL AND WATER (AP);
 ‚ EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAL
(EP);
 ‚ PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE
CREATION POTENTIAL (POCP);
 ‚ DEPLETION OF ABIOTIC
RESOURCES (ELEMENTS AND
FOSSIL, SEPARATELY, BUT THE
LATTER MAY BE USED AND
 EXPLAINED ALONE, IF THE
VALUES ARE KNOWN) (ADP).
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF EACH
SUB-STAGE OF ICB PRODUCTION TO
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
PE-NRE: CONSUMPTION OF NON-
RENEWABLE PRIMARY ENERGY; PE-
RE: CONSUMPTION OF RENEWABLE
PRIMARY
ENERGY; ADP: DEPLETION OF ABIOTIC
RESOURCES; AP: ACIDIFICATION
POTENTIAL OF SOIL AND WATER; EP:
EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAL; GWP:
GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL OVER A
100-YEAR SPAN; ODP: OZONE
DEPLETION; POCP: PHOTOCHEMICAL
OZONE CREATION POTENTIAL
 1. CORK FOR ROOF INSULATION:IT IS
VERY SIMPLE TO HAMMER THE CORK
BOARDS ONTO THE SLATS OF YOUR
ROOF CONSTRUCTION. THESE PANELS
ARE LIGHTWEIGHT AND EASY TO
SAW. FOR THIS REASON, THEY ARE
PERFECTLY SUITABLE FOR ROOF
INSULATION.THE CORK INSULATION
BOARDS ARE AVAILABLE IN
DIFFERENT THICKNESSES. THE
THICKER THE SHEET, THE BETTER IT
INSULATES. TO INSULATE A ROOF
WITH CORK, IT IS RECOMMENDED TO
USE BOARDS WITH A THICKNESS OF
APPROXIMATELY 6 INCHES. IN ORDER
TO AVOID HEAT LOSS DUE TO
THERMAL BRIDGES, ONE CAN APPLY
THE BOARDS DIAGONALLY ACROSS
EACH OTHER. THIS WAY, THE
INSULATION WILL BE MORE EFFICIENT
IN THESE DIFFICULT ZONES.
 2. CORK INSULATION FOR
FLOORS:CORK INSULATION BOARDS
CAN EASILY BE GLUED ONTO A
CONCRETE SUBFLOOR. ESPECIALLY IF
THE FLOOR OF YOUR HOUSE EXISTS
OF A CARPETED FLOOR, CORK
BOARDS ARE THE BEST FLOOR
INSULATION MATERIALS. MOREOVER,
THESE BOARDS ARE HARD-WEARING
AND FEEL WARM.
 3. CORK GRANULES:CORK GRANULES
ARE EASY TO WORK WITH. THEY
USUALLY HAVE A SIZE BETWEEN 1
AND 10 MILLIMETER. BECAUSE OF
THIS, THEY ARE PERFECTLY
APPLICABLE IN GAPS (FOR EXAMPLE
GAPS BETWEEN THE CEILING AND
THE FLOOR OF THE STORY ON TOP).
CORK GRANULES ARE FREQUENTLY
USED TO INSULATE CAVITY WALLS AS
WELL.

49. SOUND
INSULATING
MATERIALS:
 GREEN
GLUE
 GREEN GLUE CAN BE USED
TO SOUNDPROOF WALLS,
FLOORS AND CEILINGS.
GREEN GLUE CAN BE USED
BOTH IN NEW
CONSTRUCTION, BUILDING
UPGRADES AND
RENOVATIONS.
 SINCE GREEN GLUE IS
INTENDED TO BE
SANDWICHED BETWEEN
TWO SHEETS OF BUILDING
MATERIALS SUCH AS
DRYWALL, IT ELIMINATES
THE NEED TO REMOVE
EXISTING WALL AND FLOOR
MATERIALS.
 THE COMPOUND IS A VISCOELASTIC DAMPING
COMPOUND THAT CONVERTS SOUND ENERGY
INTO A MINUTE AMOUNT OF HEAT. VERY
SIMPLY, WHEN USED BETWEEN TWO RIGID
LAYERS OF MATERIAL, TYPICALLY DRYWALL,
THE COMPOUND WORKS TO ISOLATE THE NOISE
TRAVELING FROM ONE ROOM TO THE OTHER.
UNLIKE OTHER SOUNDPROOFING PRODUCTS,
GREEN GLUE NOISEPROOFING COMPOUND IS
IDEAL FOR DISSIPATING LOW FREQUENCY
NOISE COMMON WITH HOME ENTERTAINMENT
AND THEATER SYSTEMS.
 IT IS ALSO NECESSARY
TO CONSIDER THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT AT THE PLANT
LEVEL. ARE THERE
HEALTH
RAMIFICATIONS WHEN
THE ADHESIVE IS IN A
“WET” STATE? DOES
IT REQUIRE
MIXING? ARE THERE
OTHER HAZARDS
SUCH AS
FLAMMABILITY, WASTE
GENERATION,
TOXICITY, AND
AIRBORNE ISSUES
THAT SHOULD BE
ADDRESSED BEFORE
THE ADHESIVE IS
USED IN
MANUFACTURING? WI
LL IT AFFECT STORM
WATER RUN-OFF? ARE
THERE SPECIFIC
CLEAN-UP
ISSUES? THESE ARE
ALL LEGITIMATE
ISSUES THAT ARE
PART OF “GREEN” AND
ADHESIVES.
 WITHIN 15 MINUTES OF APPLYING
GREEN GLUE TO DRYWALL,
FASTEN THE PANEL TO THE
FIRST LAYER OF DRYWALL,
FOLLOWING LOCAL BUILDING
CODES. LEAVE A ¼ INCH GAP
ALONG THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF
THE WALL TO ALLOW FOR
SEALING. CONTINUE WITH THIS
PROCESS UNTIL YOU HAVE
APPLIED GREEN GLUE TO ALL
DESIRED DRYWALL PANELS.
 INSTALLING GREEN GLUE IS FAST:
 USE A STANDARD QUART SIZE CAULK
GUN
 BECAUSE OF ITS THIN CONSISTENCY
(LIKE KETCHUP), YOU CAN EASILY
DISPENSE A TUBE OF GREEN GLUE IN
15 SECONDS
 GREEN GLUE WILL NOT FLOW OFF A
BOARD WHEN INSTALLING.
 NO SPECIFIC COVERAGE PATTERN IS
NECESSARY TO ENSURE EXCELLENT
RESULTS.
 NO MEASURING OR TROWELING
 A LARGER TIP OPENING (3/8” OPENING)
CAN BE USED TO SPEED APPLICATION
WITHOUT CONCERN FOR
PERFORMANCE.